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Nathan's Amazing 9th Grade Bio Midterm Review Quiz Flashcards | StudBud
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Nathan's Amazing 9th Grade Bio Midterm Review Quiz
Nathan's Amazing 9th Grade Bio Midterm Review Quiz
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A review for 9th Grade Bio (Midterm)
Flashcards
106 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
106
Answers
1
A frameshift mutation
Leaves the amino acid sequence unchanged.
Is the result of an unequal crossing-over.
Substitutes a purine for a pyrimidine only.
Results from an insertion or deletion in a DNA sequence.
2
Energy derived from cellular respiration can originate from
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Fats only.
Carbohydrates and proteins only.
Proteins only.
3
The principal components of cell membranes are
Nucleic acids
Proteins
Lipids
Glycoproteins
4
How long did Nathan have to work to make this?
Longer than any human should have to focus on one thing
Long enough to make him question his life choices
At least 6 hours
Long enough to run out of eggnog
5
Which by-product of photosynthesis altered the atmosphere to help aerobic organisms evolve?
Methane
Oxygen
Air
Carbon Dioxide
6
If the solution surrounding a cell contains less solute than the cytoplasm, it is
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isobaric
7
A(n) _________ is the smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance.
Cell
Molecule
Amino Acid
Atom
8
Which statement is NOT part of the modern cell theory?
Cells arise from other cells.
All living organisms consist of one or more cells.
Cells contain hereditary information.
The first cell arrived on Earth from outer space.
9
Which of the following is the primary site of proteins assembly within eukaryotic cells?
The Golgi apparatus
The smooth ER
The vesicles
The ribosomes
10
When conduction a scientific experiment, which of the following is tested?
A prediction
A question
A result
An observation
11
Which of the following is TRUE about DNA?
DNA carries a record of evolutionary history.
DNA can serve as an "individual identifier"
All of the answers are correct.
All organisms carry DNA is almost every cell they have.
12
The phosphate group in ATP
Represent a significant source of stored energy.
Release energy when separated from the rest of the molecule.
All of the answers are correct.
Are covalently bonded to each other.
13
Heterozygous individuals
Are rare and aren't normally seen in organisms.
None of the answers are correct.
Can have greater fitness than homozygous individuals.
Always exhibit the same phenotype as homozygous recessives.
14
Which cellular structure makes it possible for a cell to differ from its surroundings?
Nucleolus
Cell wall
Plasma membrane
Nucleus
15
"Engaging in aerobic activity three times each week will reduce cholesterol levels" is a
Testable hypothesis
Critical experiment
Control group
Scientific control
16
All lipids are
Polar
Hydrophilic
Triglycerides
Not soluble in water
17
What are the two major methods of cellular division in eukaryotic cells?
Fission and cloning.
Meiosis and cloning
Meiosis and mitosis
Meiosis and fission
18
What kind of evidence can appear to reveal links between two phenomena that do not exist?
Null Evidence
Anecdotal evidence
Psuedoscientific evidence
Eggnog
19
In your body, when energy is released from the breakdown of a molecule such as glucose,
Some energy will be used in attached phosphate group to ADP.
All of the energy is lost as heat.
Adenosine monophosphate is created.
Adenosine diphosphate is created.
20
The movement of molecules from low to high concentration against the chemical gradient is
Passive Transport
Inactivated Transport
Electron Transport
Active Transport
21
If the results of an experiment turn out differently from what you expected, then
You and your bloodline are absolute failures.
You need to keep trying until you get it right.
You should explore the reasons for this in the conclusion.
Your instruments were broken.
22
Three principal types of bonds hold multiple atoms together. These are
Covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and ester bonds
Covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrogen bonds
Phosphate bonds, disulfide bonds, and hydrogen bonds
Ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and disulfide bonds
23
All of the following are components of a single amino acid EXCEPT a(n)
Variable side-chain
All of the answers are correct.
Alpha carbon
Carboxyl Group
24
Statistical methods make it possible to
Determine how likely your results have occurred by chance
Unambiguously learn the truth
Choose the best answer to value-based questions
Test non-falsifiable hypotheses
25
Which statement about phospholipids is FALSE?
They contain glycerol linked to fatty acids.
They are used as organisms' chief form of short-term energy
They are hydrophobic on one end
They are a major constituent of cell membranes.
26
Carotenoids
Reflect blue-green and blue-violet wavelengths of light.
Absorb red, orange, and yellow wavelengths of light.
Are more abundant in the fall than either chlorophyll a or b
Are the stacks of thylakoid membranes in a chloroplast.
27
Which component of DNA stores information?
The ladder.
The phosphate group.
The base.
The sugar.
28
Which of the following nucleotide bases are present in equal amount in DNA?
Adenine and thymine
Adenine and guanine
Adenine and cytosine
Thymine and guanine
29
Photosystems are
Arrangements of ATP-synthase molecules within chloroplasts.
The wavelengths of light that reach Earth from the Sun.
Arrangements of thylakoid membranes within the cell wall.
Arrangements of light-catching pigments within chloroplasts.
30
Prokaryotic organisms lack
Metabolism
Replicator molecules (DNA or RNA)
Organelles.
Cell membranes
31
In controlled experiments,
One variable is manipulated, while others are held constant.
All variables are independent of each other.
All variables are held constant.
All variables are dependent on each other.
32
Potential energy
Contains less energy than kinetic energy.
Transfer motion to matter.
Is kinetic energy that has not been turned into heat.
Is contained in matter placed in certain positions.
33
Thinking scientifically relies on which of the following
Intuition
Objective Observation and Experimentation
Applying your preconceptions
Learning a list of facts
34
A null hypothesis
Results from an improperly controlled experiment.
None of the other answers.
is when the treatment and control group are not linked.
Cannot be rejected.
35
Aerobic bacteria
Lack mitochondria.
Keep their respiratory enzymes in their nucleus.
Prefer aerobic exercise to anaerobic exercise.
Have mitochondria.
36
Which of the following is MOST correct?
You can prove a hypothesis to be true.
You can never prove a hypothesis to be completely true.
You frankly don't know or care.
You can prove a hypothesis to be false.
37
The law of segregation states that
Gametes cannot be separate and equal
Each of two alleles for a given trait segregate into gametes
The number of chromosomes in a cell is always divisible by 2
The law of segregation is a hoax or something
38
Most genes come in alternative forms called
Dominants.
Recessives.
Gametes.
Alleles.
39
The outputs of cellular respiration are
Oxygen, water, and ATP.
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
Carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen.
Oxygen and sugar.
40
The phenotype of an organism can best be determined by
Outbreeding
Observing the organism.
Sequencing its genes.
Inbreeding
41
Which of the following BEST summarizes the differences between osmosis and diffusion?
Diffusion deals only with water
Osmosis deals only with water
Diffusion deals only with alkaline liquids
Osmosis deals only with acidic liquids
42
Osmosis is more/less specialized than diffusion because it involves
Less; acids
Less; all liquids
More; water
More; acids
43
Biologically speaking, a pigment is a
Cell that fixes carbon.
Molecule that absorbs a photon.
Molecule that releases oxygen
Molecule that absorbs carbon dioxide.
44
Enzymes
Only catalyze reactions that release energy.
Reduce the rate at which a reaction occurs
Increase the rate at which a reaction occurs
Are stupid and aren't important to the body
45
The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with
CO2 and ATP
Light energy
Free electrons
ATP, NADPH, and H+
46
Urine, with a pH of 6, is _______ times more acidic than seawater, with a pH of 8.
8
6
100
1000
47
Energy is released as ATP becomes ADP when ATP ejects
Adenine
Ribose
One of its phosphate groups
Three of its phosphate groups
48
The lipids within the fluid mosaic of the plasma membranes are held in place by
Covalent bonds
Hydrophobic interactions
Ionic bonds
Disulfide bridges
49
Relative to protons, electrons have
Significantly less mass
Significantly greater mass
Around the same mass
Electrons have no mass
50
During photosynthesis, visible light has just enough energy to
Reflect light in the red spectrum.
Excite electrons.
Synthesize NADPH.
Convert ADP into ATP.
51
To absorb large particles, cells engulf them within their plasma membrane in a process called
Replication
Translation
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
52
A group of several genes, along with the elements that control their expression as a unit, are
a repressor.
a promoter.
an operon.
an operator.
53
Which of the following is a feature of mitochondria that helps use energy from food?
All of the answers are correct.
Lack of an internal membrane
"Bag within a bag" structure
54
What is the BEST way for a scientist to address his/her own biases?
None of the answers are correct.
Make sure that no biases influence his/her work.
Use careful controls to minimize them.
Understand his/her biases better.
55
Trisomy 21 is a consequence of ______, the unequal distribution of chromosomes during meiosis.
Recombination
Crossing over
Cytokinesis
Non-disjunction
56
Genes that are _______ do not sort independently, but they may recombine by crossing over.
Epistatic
Pleiotropic
Polygenic
Linked
57
The ultimate result of glycolysis is two molecules of
Ethanol.
Pyruvate.
Glucose.
Lactic acid.
58
Which of the following is NOT true of all cells?
They have DNA as their genetic material.
They move by means of flagella or cilia.
They synthesize new cellular material.
They eliminate wastes.
59
A green plant can perform photosynthesis if given nothing more than
Water, light, and air.
Water and light.
Light.
Water.
60
Which of the following are always the same in every unit of the DNA molecule?
The phosphate group.
The sugar.
The sugar and the phosphate group.
The base.
61
Bacteria use restriction enzymes to
Synthesize proteins.
Destroy foreign DNA.
Destroy foreign proteins.
Synthesize RNA.
62
The Gap 1, S, and Gap 2 phases of the cell cycle are collectively called
Interphase
Prophase
Anaphase
Mitosis
63
A section of DNA with the sequence AATGGCTAT is transcribed. What is the mRNA transcription?
AUACCGAUA
UUACCGAUA
UUGCCGAUA
UUACCGAGA
64
Crossing over takes place during
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Mitosis and meiosis
Meiosis
65
Which of the following is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Ribosome
Centriole
66
What is the most abundant protein in the world?
Rubisco
Methionylalanylthreonylserylarginylglycylalanylserylargin...
ATP-synthase
Crassulacean acid
67
Which of the following are all monosaccharides
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
Glucose and maltose
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen
Fructose and cellulose
68
Somatic cells include all of these BUT
Sperm cells
Heart cells
Kidney cells
Liver cells
69
The failure of a seedling to turn green if grown in the dark is an example of
Pleiotropy.
Continuous variation.
Interaction between genotype and environment.
Interaction between codominant alleles.
70
Chlorophyll b and the carotenoids are important as receptors of light energy because they
Respond to different wavelengths than chlorophyll a.
Can respond to infrared and ultraviolet light.
Transform this energy into chemical energy.
Can absorb green light.
71
We say that genes are linked when they
Are located near each other on a single chromosome.
Contain multiple alleles.
Assort independently.
Produce a balanced polymorphism.
72
You note a fuzzy growth on some of the gels in your incubator. What step is this describing?
Observation
Theory
Hypothesis
Law
73
RNA has a different nucleotide base than DNA. What does RNA have that DNA doesn't?
Uracil
Guanine
Cytosine
Adenine
74
Fermentation reaction generally occur under conditions of
Low oxygen concentrations.
High temperatures.
Low glucose levels.
High oxygen concentrations.
75
The C4 mechanism of carbon fixation is an advantage for plants that live in
Hot, dry climates.
The shade of other plants.
Cool climates.
Swamps or bogs.
76
Biology is
Always used responsibly in advertising claims
The study of living things
All of the answers are correct.
A collection of facts that can be ordered and memorized
77
Saturated fatty acids have _ than unsaturated fatty acids, which is why they are a _ at 70°F.
Fewer double bonds; solid
More double bonds; liquid
More carbon atoms; solid
Fewer hydrogen atoms; solid
78
All alcoholic beverages are produced as the result of cellular respiration
by bacteria occurring in the absence of oxygen.
by bacteria occurring in the absence of free electrons.
by yeast occurring in the absence of free electrons.
by yeast occurring in the absence of oxygen.
79
Cellular respiration is the process by which
Oxygen is used to transport chemical energy around the body.
An organism captures energy from the chemical bonds of food.
Oxygen is produced during metabolic activity.
ATP molecules are converted into light and sugar.
80
All macromolecules important in living systems contain
Potassium
Nitrogen
Aldehydes
Carbon
81
Transgenic bacteria are bacteria
Found in the DNA of other organisms.
That produce genes used in recombinant DNA technology.
That only have trans-DNA.
That have a sequence of DNA from another organism in them.
82
The ABO blood type system in humans is an example of
Multiple alleles but no codominance.
Multiple alleles and codominance.
Codominance but not multiple alleles.
Balanced polymorphism and codominance.
83
In animals, exertion without sufficient oxygen leads to the production of
Ethanol
Lactic acid
Pyruvate
Water
84
The division of the cytoplasm during cell division is referred to as
Cytoplasm splicing.
Vegetative growth
Cytokinesis
Hybridization
85
In most bacteria, the DNA is carried in
A single circular chromosome.
A single linear chromosome.
Multiple linear chromosomes.
Two circular chromosomes.
86
Autosomal recessive traits
Occur in one-quarter of all offspring.
Occur more frequently in females than males.
All of the answers are correct.
Can skip generations.
87
Where does the Calvin cycle take place?
in the thylakoid membrane
In the stroma of the chloroplast
in the Hobbesian membrane
In the cellular cytoplasm
88
Energy derived from cellular respiration can originate from
Fats only.
Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Carbohydrates only.
Carbohydrates and proteins.
89
What process converts sugar into ATP?
Speciation
Denaturation
Adaptation
Cellular respiration
90
What should you do when something you believe turns out to be wrong?
Scream at a wall, cry, and then eat ice cream while sobbing
Hold on to your beliefs
Change your mind
Blame the government
91
When energy is converted from one form to another,
A small amount of energy is created
Some energy is converted into heat.
The quantity of energy in the universe changes
A small amount of energy is destroyed
92
Life gains most of its energy from
Sunlight
Water
Peanut butter
Sugar Molecules
93
During what phase of the cell cycle do the chromosomes align at the center of the cell?
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
Telophase
94
The impact of a single gene on more than one characteristic is called
Codominance
Epistasis
Incomplete dominance
Pleiotropy
95
What are two different metabolic pathways that are responsible for the production of ATP?
Hydrolysis and active transport.
Glycolysis and oxidation.
Substrate inhibition and catabolism.
Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
96
Which of the following is a cellular characteristic of ALL eukaryotes?
A cell wall
A nuclear membrane
None of the answers are correct.
A nucleoid
97
What is the 4th step in the scientific process?
Make observations
Devise a testable prediction
Conduct a critical experiment
Formulate a hypothesis
98
Glycolysis
Completely oxidizes glucose to carbon dioxide.
Is performed solely on the glucose ingested by an organism.
Occurs in all cells.
Is also referred to as the Krebs cycle.
99
Multiple atoms linked together are called a(n)
Substrate
Isotope
Element
Molecule
100
Which of the following does NOT occur during prophase 1 of meiosis?
Chromosomes begin to condense.
Homologous pairs align at the metaphase plate.
Crossing over between tetrads occurs.
Spindle microtubules form.
101
The four most abundant elements in living organisms are
Zinc, Yttrium, Magnesium, and Gold
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and calcium
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon
sodium, nitrogen, carbon, and silicon.
102
Which of the following structures is NOT present in the cell membrane?
Transport proteins that form channel on the bilayer.
Carbohydrates attached to peripheral proteins
A rigid matrix of actin and tubulin fibers
A double layer of phospholipids
103
If a mitochondria's function is impaired, what is likely to happen to the organism that has it?
Color blindness
Extreme muscle weakness
Inability to absorb iron
Extreme sensitivity to UV light
104
The set of analytical and mathematical tools designed to help interpret the data they gather
Genetics
Geometry
Biology
Statistics
105
An atom of zirconium has the atomic number 40
an atomic mass of 40
40 protons.
42 protons.
80 protons
106
During DNA replication, each strand serves as a _____ for the new _____ strand.
Blueprint; template
Template; complementary
Proofreader; complementary
Master model; identical
