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FInal Exam Review
FInal Exam Review
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1
The global equator-to-pole variations in SST are best explained by the ______.
locations of mountain ranges
supply of insolation
locations of upwelling zones
influx of rivers and streams into the oceans
2
Select all that apply: which of these are types of symbiosis
mutualism
mimcry
selectism
parasitism
3
What is the minimum amount of years a climogrpah will use for the data?
1 year
20 years
30 years
5 years
4
Where is the Laurentide Ice Sheet?
Wester Mexico
Europe
Eastern North America
western North America
5
The atmoshpere is the ___________.
Layer of the sky that contains enough oxygen to support animal life
only sphere around the planet that contains no solid particles
Gas around Earth's surface that contains greater than 90% oxygen
Relatively thin layer of gas that surrounds Earth's surface
6
What is the major surface-water circulation in the Indian Ocean?
An alternating north (winter) and then south (summer) flowing current
A clockwise gyre north of the equator
A counterclockwise gyre south of the equator
An alternating west (spring) and then east (fall) flowing current across
7
The mercury thermometer operates on the principle of
Wien's law
energy emission from a surface
thermoelectric principles
liquid expansion and contraction
8
Acid rain usually falls as what kind of acid
acetic acid
hydrochloric acid
sulfuric acid
nitric acid
9
The number of trees, plants and other vegetation is an indication of biodiversity
False
True
10
What does CFCs stand for in atmospheric science
carcinogens from carbon
cool for college
chlorofluorocarbons
chromium ferrous cyanide
11
What is Alluvium?
the bubbles in a stream
the last river in an order of streams
the material deposited by a stream
the overall flow of a stream into an ocean
12
Soil is a natural material composed of rock fragments and organic matter
False
True
13
What is the approximate concentration of carbon diozide in the atmosphere?
0.9%
78%
0.04%
21%
14
Select the statement below that accurately characterizes how often the atmosphere and oceans interact.
They interact only a few times each day.
They interact only during daylight hours.
They interact only at night when insolation is zero.
They interact constantly.
15
What term describes the average length of time that a drop of water remains in a particular store?
Holding time
Residence time
Flux
Store time
16
What are the two main roles of the hydrologic cycle? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY
To dissolve materials, such as minerals from rocks
To play a part in the conversion of solar energy to other forms of energy
To maintain a stable global climate
move water in and out different parts of Earth's systems
17
Water flowing in a river exhibits ______ energy, and water stored in a reservoir above a dam exhibits ______ energy.
kinetic, potential
potential, kinetic
18
The atmoshpere is held in place both by buoyancy force directed upward and ________ which is directed downward
Organisms
Atmospheric Pressure
The Moon
Gravity
19
What is base flow?
when the water is high enough to float on a tube down the stream
the highest water level in a given stream
the lowest water level in a given stream
Normal water level in a given stream
20
Which color of visible light has the SHORTEST wavelength?
Violet
They are all equal
Yellow
Red
21
Why is it so hard to breathe at the tope of Mt. Everest?
low temps freeze the air
the air is too dense to process
relatively little atmoshpere
strong winds remove breatheable air
22
How long does it take the earth to rotate 15 degrees ?
1 hour
24 hours
1 year
10 hours
23
A Glacier is a moving mass of ice, with rocks and finer sediment
True
False
24
The three main ______ of water are the oceans, continents, and atmosphere.
fluxes
stores
capacities
25
Energy reaching earth is mostly at wavelength of visible light and UV
False
True
26
what process associated with hurricanes releases tremendous amounts of latent heat?
rotational movement of the storm
The movement along the ocean surface
condensation of water vapor into rainfall
Evaporation of water from the ocean's surface
27
A Koppen Climate Classification System subdivides climate based on temperature, precipitation, and seasonality
True
False
28
soils + ecosystem = biome
True
False
29
What is saturation in relation to humidity
when the air feels very dense
rate of evaporation = rate of condensation
when something condesates so much it drips
whensomething is really wet
30
Which is not a map projection?
plana
sinusoidal
circular
conical
31
Interactions between Earth's atmosphere and surface determines the ______,______, and habitabiltiy of an area
climate, tectonics
gravity, magnetic field
latirutde, longitude
weather, climate
32
What type of energy is due to the motion of objects
Kinetic
Latent
Potential
Schematic
33
what is not a natural factor that affects air pollution?
Local and regional landscapes
houses
Winds
Temperature inversion
34
Salinity and temperature decrease in a rather simple linear fashion with increasing depth in the ocean.
False
True
35
soil = landscape stability & sediment = instability
False
True
36
Potential energy is best expressed when
atoms are moving at 500km/hr
atomes are moving at 200km/hr
pulling or pushing an object
changing a liquid to a gas
37
What is the atmosphere?
A thin blanket of gases surround earth, divided into layers.
Blanket of gases that increases in pressure with altitude.
A blanket of gases with a homogeneous density of molecules.
A thick blanket of gases consisting of spherical layers.
38
In a negative feedback loop, the response:
Promotes the stimulus
Counteracts the stimulus
Does not impact the stimulus
39
What is Aquic?
dry more than half the year
Water TAble at or near the surface
soil most year round
40
Earth is an oblate spheroid
True
False
41
Secondary Succession is when an ecosystem is destroyed
False
True
42
Which of the following statements is true regarding Walker-like cells outside of the Pacific?
The heavy rains occur in the descending air outside of the Pacific.
They are all driven by the warm air rising above warm pools.
Surface-level winds are always west to east as in the Pacific.
The circulation pattern is north-south outside of the Pacific.
43
a meandering stream has low sinuosity
False
True
44
Discharge is recorded in m2/f or f2/ft
False
True
45
The climatic water balance estimates ______.
amount of water in each store and its rate of movement through the H cycle
precipitation totals around the world.
the amount of water imported into and out of each individual country
46
The Ice Ages ____________
are times when there was more ice and snow over the past 2 million years
when mammoths ruled the world
glaciers are now made of mostly ice and before they were made of snow
experienced more ice at the equator than at other times in Earth's past
47
Glaciers can merge, becoming a wider and thicker glacier
True
False
48
The amount and timing of precipitation a region receives is ultimately controlled by ______.
Earth's internal heat
the pull of the sun
atmospheric motion
the pull of the Moon
49
Warm pools can set up ______.
a region of intense deep-water formation
a north-south circuit of air between the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn
an east-west circuit of air through the tropics
intense vertical air movements that reach into the mesosphere
50
A biome are adjcent ecosystems that have a distinctive collection of flora and fauna
False
True
51
How does the EMR created by the Sun get delivered to Earth?
convection
advection
conduction
radiation
52
What is the ultimate base level?
the ocean
a lake in a drought
a lake
a stream bed
53
A positive feedback loop ______________________.
increases a change to a system
decreases a change to a system
always results in a beneficial change to a system
stabilizes a system
54
soil forms a horizontal sequence of layers called a profile
True
False
55
A drainage basin is also called a_______ & _________
reservoir and dam
watershed and catchment
waterflow & fluvial
Alluvium & Stream channel
56
Wind speed increases the higher into the atmosphere you go
False
True
57
What are exotic species?
species that are created through cross-breading
When something seems exotic
colorful animals brought to America
species introduces by humans from other parts of the world
58
Ionosphere absorbs cosmic rays, gamma rays, x-rays and some UV
True
False
59
what types of electromagnetic radiation do we attempt to block with sunscreen?
X-rays
Ultraviolet
Cosmic Rays
Microwaves
60
shorter wavelength have lower energy
False
True
61
What is a K-selected species?
species with many offspring with a high mortality rate and less nurturing
species with infrequent or few offspring with more nurtuing
62
If the Southern Oscillation Index is positive (higher pressure in Tahiti), which of the following will most likely occur
Higher pressure will exist in Maritime Southeast Asia & into Indian Ocean.
Higher pressures will exist in the eastern Pacific from Chile to California
Higher pressures will exist in Darwin, Australia.
63
Loam is a mixture of sand, silt and clay
False
True
64
define drainage basin
the area that drains into a stream
a gurgling brook
the second stream; after the first stream
the area that the basin drains to
65
high biodiversity = monoculture
True
False
66
The linked responses of El Niño and the Southern Oscillation are known by the acronym_________
ENSO
ESNO
EFGT
LESN
67
The top of a glacier moves in a ______ fashion; the middle of the glacier behaves ______.
brittle; plastically
platic; brittely
68
A glacier ______. select ALL the apply.
is a moving mass of ice
can cover a continent
may be restricted to a single valley
typically moves from lower to higher elevations
69
Why do equatorial regions tend to have warmer ocean waters but lower-than-average salinities?
The rain in the equatorial regions is less saline than other regions.
Warmer freshwater flows from subtropical regions toward the equator.
They are subjected to warm atmospheric temperatures but high rainfall.
Salt is evaporated due to high insolation, leaving warm freshwater behind.
70
where is the coriolis force the highest?
the right hemishpere
the equator
the left hemisphere
near the poles
71
What is the thermohaline conveyor?
surface winds that connects the descending air of the subtropics
The combined global-scale flow of surface and deep water
the flow between the Arctic Ocean and Atlantic Ocean
The cold circumpolar current around the continent of Antarctica
72
Chemosynthetic: How some bacteria can derive what they need from chemical in environment
True
False
73
surface winds spiral out clickwise from a high pressure area in the Northern Hemisphere
draft
Anticyclonic
coriolis effect
cyclonic
74
A line on a map connecting points having the same atmospheric pressure or on average at a given time
isobar
millibar
pressure
candybar
75
These are all types of glaciers, except
valley glacier
vertical glacier
Ice Sheet
alpine glacier
76
What is the approximate average albedo on Earth?
0.31
0.69
0.22
0.45
77
The combined global scale flow of surface and deep water is called the ______.
motion of the ocean
deep-water highway
Earth's ocean current (EOC)
thermohaline conveyor
78
advenction = cells
False
True
79
Glaciers form only in areas where snowfall _____ snowmelt.
is less than
is greater than
is equal to
80
Ice sheets are ______. select all that apply
confined to narrow, mountainous valleys
large continental-scale accumulations of ice
found in Antarctica and Greenland
composed of angular rock fragments surrounding a slowly moving core of ice
81
Individua layers of soil are called _______
horizons
soil layers
part 1, 2, 3, etc.
verticals
82
local base level controls how far down local streams can erode
True
False
83
How many time zones are there?
24
19
21
30
84
A liquid has a lower relative energy content than gas
False
True
85
What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?
Water Vapor
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
86
Soil color suggest __________
chemistry
stability
physiology
biology
87
A Nick point is a change in elevation for a horizontal distance
True
False
88
sublimation is when water molecules can fo directly from a solid to a vapor
False
True
89
what measures wind direction?
beaufort scale
wind vane
licking my finger and testing the wind
anemometer
90
When a city is built in an area that used to be rural, floods become ____________ in height and ________ in duration.
taller and longer
taller and shorter
no change
91
As one approaches the poles from lower latitudes, the Sun angle __________ and atmosphere attenuation __________.
decreases; increases
increases; increases
decreases, decreases
increases; decreases
92
Earth radiates ________ energy
shortwave
no
middlewave
longwave
93
What is the name used for the series of interacting circular surface currents in the ocean?
cyclones
gyres
orbits
circuits
94
The warmer, less dense upper portion of the ocean that absorbs energy from the Sun is called the ______ zone.
illumination
biotic
yellow
photic
95
sun rays radiates _____ energy
ecstatic
colorful
longwave
shortwave
96
Maps can preserve shapes and areas at the same time
True
False
97
Ozonsphere is part of the stratosphere
False
True
98
Differences in air pressure causes ait to tend to flow from areas of
medium pressure to low pressure
does not change
high pressure to low pressure
low pressure to high pressure
99
migratory high and low-pressure systems
primary circulation
zonal flows
tertiary circulation
secondary circulation
100
During an ice age, when most glaciers and ice sheets are advancing: ______ period; when they are retreating: ______
prograde; retrograde
permafrost; defrost
glacial; interglacial
progressive; regressive
