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AP Psychology Exam Review #1 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Exam Review #1
AP Psychology Exam Review #1
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Units 1-8
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1
Gate-Control Theory refers to...
Which sensory impulses are transmitted first.
How our minds use either bottom-up or top-down processing.
Which pain messages are perceived.
Blocking sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected.
2
Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the...
Motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere.
3
Which kind of therapist is most likely to analyze a client's dreams?
Behaviorist
Cognitive
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
4
Which is NOT one of the big five personality traits?
Openness
Extraversion
Honesty
Agreeableness
5
Which brain scans should be used when studying connections between stimuli and brain processes?
CAT and EKG
PET and EEG
EKG and CAT
MRI and CAT
6
Depression is associated with low levels of...
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
7
Some researchers consider developmental psychology an applied research topic because...
Researchers apply findings from other areas of psychology.
Original research in this area is difficult.
Pure research is difficult to gain support for.
It is more easily applied to people's lives than research.
8
Parental involvement can have dramatic effects on all of the following human traits, EXCEPT...?
Motor development
Self-esteem
Reading ability
Intelligence
9
Which of the following is the best example of prejudice?
Billy won't let girls play on his hockey team.
Santiago dislikes cheerleaders.
Ginny thinks all Asians are smart.
Mr. Tamp calls on boys more often than girls.
10
Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?
Visual cortex in the temporal lobe.
Visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe.
Visual cortex in the frontal lobe.
11
Ads are more effective when the communicators are: I. Attractive; II. Famous; III. Experts
I and II
II Only
II and III
I, II, and III
12
According to the nativist theory and the language acquisition device, language is acquired...
Using an inborn ability to learn language.
Best in the language and culture native to the family.
Only if instruction is provided in the native language.
By parents reinforcing correct language use.
13
Which of the following concepts is most integral to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
The unconscious mind
Structuralism
Gestalt Theory
Behaviorism
14
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
Sensorimotor
Formal Operations
Pre-operational
Conventional
15
Weber's Law determines...
Amplitude of sound waves
Just-noticeable difference
Absolute threshold
Level of subliminal messages
16
Which reinforcement schedule would most quickly teach a cat to jump through a hoop?
Fixed Ratio
Variable Ratio
Continuous
Fixed Interval
17
In most people, which of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere?
Control of the left hand
Producing speech
Spatial reasoning
Abstract reasoning
18
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is...
Securely attached, because parents will meet all needs.
Permissive, because children need to explore.
Authoritarian, because children learn boundaries quickly.
Authoritative, because children have justifiable boundaries.
19
A therapist who uses whatever perspective "works best" for the patient is described as...
Functionalist
Eclectic
Social-cultural
Humanist
20
Night Terrors and Somnambulism usually occur during which stage of sleep?
REM Sleep, but only later in the night.
Stage 1
REM Sleep
Stage 4
21
Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Spatial
Musical
Linguistic
Practical
22
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Elements of language.
Basic elements of memories stored in long-term memory.
Elements of telegraphic speech toddlers use.
Two types of influences language has on thought.
23
All schizophrenics suffer from...
Compulsions
Depression
Hallucinations
Multiple personalities
24
Which concept from memory directly contradicts the belief that humans never forget anything?
Recovered Memory
Sensory Memory
Selective Attention
Constructive Memory
25
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
Linguistic skills decline with age.
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
26
Which of the following are reasons why intrinsic motivation might be better than extrinsic?
Intrinsic is easier and more convenient to provide.
Intrinsic is higher on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
Intrinsic is more effective with a wider range of people.
Intrinsic might be more enduring.
27
Which sentence most accurately describes sensory memory?
Decides which memories to encode in long-term memory.
Encodes only sensations we are currently attending to.
Perfectly stores all sensory input for a limited time.
Records all incoming sensations, remembering them forever.
28
The information-processing theory states that dreams...
Occur as the brain deals with daily events during REM sleep.
Occur only after stressful events.
Are by-products of how our brain processes information.
Are representations of the information we encode daily.
29
If you only had sight in one eye, which of the following depth cues could you NOT use?
Linear perspective
Texture gradient
Convergence
Interposition
30
Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of...
Past conditioning
Biological processes
Individual choice
Unconscious behavioral impulses
31
Industrial-Organizational psychologists encourage the Theory Y management style, meaning
Using the correct schedule of reinforcement is ideal
Rewards and punishments are the best for increasing productivity
Allowing employees to be creative are thus empowered to be productive
32
Which approach toward personality aligns the closest to nurture?
Behaviorist
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic
Biological
33
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
Sensation detects stimuli, perception interprets stimuli.
Sensation is in the senses while perception is in the brain.
Sensation is mechanical, while perception is cognitive.
Perception is an advanced form of sensation.
34
All of the following people are known for their theories of intelligences, EXCEPT...?
Thurstone
Flynn
Gardner
Sternberg
35
Which aspect of the nervous system is activated to calm down a body after a fight-or flight episode?
Somatic NS
Parasympathetic NS
Autonomic NS
Sympathetic NS
36
Someone who has an external locus of control is likely to have...
A belief in luck.
A positive self-concept.
A strong libido.
A high sense of self-efficacy.
37
Which of the following is most likely to reduce hostility between antagonistic groups?
Force the groups to spend a lot of time together.
Encourage them to avoid each other as much as possible.
Give groups a task that must be solved by working together.
Punish the groups whenever they treat each other badly.
38
Which of the following is an example of the circadian rhythm?
A person's sleep-wake cycle
The action potential of a neuron
A woman's menstrual cycle
The NREM-REM cycle
39
Agonists are psychoactive drugs that...
Enhance the effects of certain opiates like heroin.
Mimic the same effects as certain neurotransmitters.
Produce tolerance to the drug without withdrawal symptoms.
Mimic neurotransmitters and block their receptor sites.
40
Which statement about bulimia is true?
All bulimics use vomiting to rid their bodies of calories.
Bulimics tend to be overly concerned with their body image.
Bulimics lose in excess of 15 percent of their body weight.
The main cause of bulimia is society's emphasis on thinness.
41
Which method of therapy is most eclectic?
Psychodynamic
Psychoanalytic
Client-centered
Token economy
42
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory has been criticized for being...
Based on large groups, not individual cases.
Appropriate for only female patients.
Too applicable for research settings.
Unscientific and unverifiable
43
Which of the following neurotransmitters allows you to have control over your muscles?
Thorazine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
44
Which process involves counterconditioning?
Systematic desensitization
ECT
Transference
Somatic therapy
45
Symbolic dream analysis might be used by a psychologist from which perspective?
Behaviorist
Structuralist
Psychoanalytic
Biopsychologist
46
In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was...?
The number of people in the group.
The highest level of shock supposedly administered.
The location of the learner.
The instructions given by the experimenter.
47
Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly?
Insomnia and Narcolepsy
Night terrors and Sleep Apnea
Sleep Apnea and Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea and Insomnia
48
Who is credited with creating client-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
Albert Ellis
Aaron Beck
Fritz Perls
49
You find a slug on the shed only after it rains. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?
Variable Ratio
Fixed Interval
Continuous
Variable Interval
50
Which of the following is an example of a generalized reinforcer?
Chocolate cake
Money
Applause
High grades
51
Generating alternate hypotheses to explain a phenomenon demonstrates which Piagetian stage?
Formal operations
Syllogistic
Operational
Abstract reasoning
52
The cochlea is responsible for...
Transforming vibrations into neural signals.
Sending messages to the brain about the body's orientation.
Protecting the surface of the eye.
Transmitting vibrations to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
53
To establish behaviorism as a paradigm of psychology, John Watson relied on the work of...?
B.F. Skinner
Wilhelm Wundt
Ivan Pavlov
Sigmund Freud
54
Schizophrenia is most likely to be treated with...?
Valium
Haldol
Lithium
Prozac
55
The principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is...
The statistical methods employed to evaluate the data.
The time span of the study.
The number of participants involved.
The developmental stage of the participants.
56
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Going inside to escape a thunderstorm.
Assigning a student a detention for fighting.
Buying a child a video game after she throws a tantrum.
Depriving a prison inmate of sleep.
57
Perceived control over a stressful event results in...
Less reported stress.
More motivation to solve the stressful problem.
More frustration regarding the stressful event.
Increased arousal.
58
Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic?
Making a judgment according to past experiences.
Solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller parts.
Believing younger people are more likely to start fights.
Solving problems how you always have done in the past
59
One of your classmates remarks that "Ryan is all id." What does she likely mean?
Ryan is a perfectionist.
Ryan uses a lot of defense mechanisms.
Ryan frequently pursues immediate gratification.
Ryan is a highly-ethical person.
60
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Endorphins
Adrenaline
61
According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are primarily concerned in a search for...?
Identity
Autonomy
Affection
Career
62
What is the median of the following distribution: 6, 2, 9, 4, 7, 3?
4.5
5
6
5.5
63
According to the Bystander Effect, if an accident occurs in front of a crowd, what is the most likely response?
Multiple people will call for others to help but won't do anything else
Multiple people will stop to help out
People will just pass by
One person will stop and provide aid
64
Which of the following psychologists might have described himself as a humanist?
Abraham Maslow
Ivan Pavlov
John Watson
B.F. Skinner
65
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is a(n)...?
Achievement test
Intelligence test
Standardized test
Aptitude test
66
One of the principal differences between ethical guidelines for human and animal research is...
Conditions for humans must be monitored more closely.
Animals can be placed at much greater risk than humans.
Humans can be deceived for experimental purposes.
Humans must be chosen much more carefully than animals.
67
Which aspects of hunger are controlled by the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus?
Body temperature and desire to eat.
The binge and purge cycle in bulimics.
Contraction and expansion of the stomach.
The desire to eat and the feeling of fullness.
68
Wilhelm Wundt used a research methodology called...?
Structuralism
Introspection
Naturalistic observation
Inferential
69
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
Many confounding variables
The need for a representative sample
Sampling error
Concerns over validity
70
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Denial
Regression
Sublimation
Rationalization
71
The balanced physiological state we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs is called...?
Homeostasis
Equilibrium
Self-actualization
Primary satisfaction
72
A negative side-effect of ECT is...
Hysteria
Memory loss
Hallucinations
Tardive dyskinesia
73
Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
Conversion Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
74
You tense up after hearing scary music during a horror film. In this case, the music is a(n)...
UR
CS
CR
US
75
If a test is reliable, it means that...
It tests what it is supposed to test.
It yields consistent results.
It is given in the same way every time.
It is also valid.
76
Which of the following is an example of random sampling?
Flipping a coin to assign students to two different tests.
Having a computer generate a random list of 100 students.
Picking out of a hat to assign subjects to a condition.
Approaching any 50 students during 6th-period lunch.
77
Which neurotransmitter is affected by opiates?
Endorphins
GABA
Serotonin
Dopamine
78
Psychologists prefer the experimental method to other research methods because...
Experiments are more likely to support hypotheses.
Experiments result in statistically significant findings.
Experiments can show cause-effect relationships.
It is easier to obtain a random sample.
79
Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find most often in her research?
Authoritarian
Avoidant
Authoritative
Secure
80
"Brain plasticity" refers to...
The brain's ability to regrow damaged neurons.
New connections forming to take over for damaged sections.
The surface texture of the cerebral cortex.
Our adaptability to different problems.
81
Sandy scores a perfect 100 on a test everyone else fails. Graphically, the data would be...
Negatively skewed
Normal
A straight line
Positively skewed
82
Schachter's theory states what about the relationship between emotion & physiological reaction?
Physiological reactions and emotions occur simultaneously.
Physiological reactions are caused simply by emotions.
A combination of reactions & interpretation causes emotions.
Emotions are caused simply by physiological reactions.
83
Juan hears voices that tell him to kill people. Juan is experiencing...
Compulsions
Obsessions
Delusions
Hallucinations
