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AP Research Methods x2 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Research Methods x2
AP Research Methods x2
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Review research methods for #psychology.
Flashcards
40 cards
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Questions
40
Answers
1
The Milgram study is a
Single-blind study
Double-blind study
Naturalistic observation
Case study
2
What are the disadvantages to a naturalistic study?
Hawthorne Effect
Expensive
Only describes behavior
Placebo Effect
3
A bell shaped curve is a(n) __ curve.
Normal
Placebo
Negatively Skewed
Positively Skewed
4
Psychologists generally prefer the experimental method of research because...
It's more likely to garner statistically significant results
They show cause and effect relationships
They are more likely to support a hypothesis
It is easier to obtain a random sample
5
Ensuring your variable(s) were measured in a consistent way every time refers to a study having
Validity
Reliability
Representative sampling
Falsifiability
6
Random assignment is...
Assigning people to stratas to use stratified sampling
Assigning people to either the control or experimental group
Randomly selecting a population to study
Selecting people to represent a population
7
All variables need a(n) __ to be measured effectively.
Experimental Group
Random Sample
Operational Definition
Control Group
8
A good theory is all of the following except...
Produces results that cannot be disproven
Parsimonious
Has a testable prediction
Fit know facts
9
A branch of mathematics that helps researchers organize and evaluate data.
Statistics
Placebo Effect
Central Tendency
Frequency Distribution
10
When a curve has majority of low scores but 1 to 2 high scores, the curve would be considered..
Unreliable
Normal
Positively skewed
Negatively skewed
11
Researchers use a(n) __ to arrange data so that they know how often an observation occurs.
Bell Curve
Z Score
Inferential Statistic
Frequency Distribution
12
What is the Z score for the following data?
Raw score: 200
Mean:
145 SD: 5
3
9
11
6
13
Which of the following is an example of random assignment?
Picking names from a hat to assign an experimental condition
Approaching 50 students during 5th period lunch
Making a strata from demographic data and building a sample
Having a computer generate a list of 100 student names
14
Researchers select a __ which is meant to represent the rest of the population.
Placebo
Experimental Group
Control Group
Sample
15
In a __, only the researchers know who is in the experimental and the control group.
Single-Blind Experiment
Experimental Study
Double-Blind Experiment
Case Study
16
The Milgram Experiment tested the concept of...
Shock treatment
Authority figures
Obedience
Learning
17
At the end of a study, we use __ to determine if our hypothesis was supported or rejected.
Inferential Statistics
Means-End Analysis
Descriptive Statistics
Standard Deviation
18
A(n) __ study may be used in place of an experimental/ correlational study for ethical reasons.
Case Study
Ex Post Facto
Quasi-experimental
Naturalistic
19
Freud conducted in-depth studies of individual patients. What research method was he using?
Case study
Naturalistic observation
Experimental method
Longitudinal study
20
The Hawthorne Effect is....
The tendency to be overconfident in our own intuitions
The tendency to ignore data that conflicts with our beliefs
Tendency for people to act differently when they are watched
The assumption that everyone is just like us
21
One of the principal differences between the ethical guidelines for human & animal research is:
Animals can suffer for a clear purpose where humans cannot
Human research is more closely watched than animal research
Humans can be deceived and animals cannot
Animals subjects can be placed at great risk
22
What are the 5 steps to the scientific method?
Predict, Perform a test, Analyze, Publish, Peer review
Predict, Perform a test, Gather results, Analyze, Publish
Predict, Perform a test, Analyze, Report, Publish
Observe, Predict, Study, Gather Results, Report
23
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
Many confounding variables
Sampling error
Concerns over validity
The need for a representative sample
24
This measure of central tendency tells us what data value appears most often.
Median
Standard Deviation
Mode
Mean
25
A correlation gets __ as it gets closer to 0...
skewed
zero impact
Weaker
Stronger
26
The __ is a change in a patient's physical state due to a patient's perceptions of treatment.
Hawthorne Effect
Placebo Effect
Experimental Effect
Variable Effect
27
The numerical value that determines the strength of a correlation is called a
Correlational relationship
Correlational statistic
Correlational coefficient
Correlational value
28
In an experiment, the __ has the participants who were not exposed to the independent variable.
Double-Blind Experiment
Single-Blind Experiment
Control Group
Experimental Group
29
Measures of __ show how spread out the scores of a distribution are.
Statistics
Variance
Standard Deviation
Frequency Distribution
30
Ethical consideration include all of the following except:
Allowing coercion as long as debriefing takes place
No harm or discomfort may be caused (physical/psychological)
Participants must sign an informed consent form
Right to privacy
31
Less sleep has been linked with getting low grades. What relationship do these variables have?
Null correlation
Positive correlation
Standard correlation
Negative correlation
32
What is a hypothesis?
A prediction about the relationship between two variables
An identification of variables
An educated guess about the answer to a question
An observation about the world
33
A Z score is useful for
Determining the probability of error
There is no such thing as a Z score
Measuring relative sample size
Determining the distance from the mean for a single score
34
When two variables change in the same direction, they have a __ correlation.
Positive
Negative
Null
Standard
35
In a stratified sample, participants are...
Grouped & selected according to representative demographics
Selected at random
Always assigned to the control group
Always assigned to the experimental group
36
The Stanford Prison Experiment violated which ethical standards?
No harm or discomfort may be caused (physical/psychological)
Right to anonymity
Informed consent
Researchers may not use any form of threats or intimidation.
37
__ is a form of study that observes a subject(s) in their natural environment.
Field Experiment
Case Study
Naturalistic Observation
Longitudinal Study
38
The Zimbardo Experiment tested...
Test a person's limits to stress
How people would act as an inmate in a prison setting
The power of social roles
How authority figures can influence a person
39
Neither the subjects nor the experimenter know who is in the experimental and control group.
Double-blind Experiment
Single-blind Experiment
Experimental Study
Descriptive Study
40
In a __, a researcher studies a group of people over a period of years.
Longitudinal Study
Case Study
Cross-sectional Study
Naturalistic Study
