Which of the following does NOT provide evidence for evolution?

natural variation within a species.

Which of the following statements about a controlled experiment is true?

Only one variable is tested at a time.

A mutation involving a change in a single DNA base pair

may have an effect on the organism's phenotype.

A substance that moves by passive transport tends to move

away from the area where it is more concentrated.

Which of the following correctly summarizes the process of photosynthesis?

H2O + CO2 --light--> sugars + O2

Which of the following is NOT true about matter in the biosphere?

The total amount of matter decreases over time.

Intermediate fossil forms are important evidence of evolution because they show

how organisms changed over time.

Which of the following statements best explains the similarity in structure?

The whale and the alligator have a recent common ancestor?

Which of the following describes how ALL consumers get their energy?

from eating organisms that are living or were once living

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NJBCT Review Questions

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A review for the #NJBCT

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Questions 93

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1
An example of a trait that is determined by multiple alleles is
cystic fibrosis.
colorblindness.
Down syndrome.
ABO blood groups.
2
A tissue is composed of a group of
similar cells.
related organs.
organ systems.
related organelles.
3
During replication, which sequence of nucleotides would bond with the DNA sequence TATGA?
CACTA
TATGA
AGTAT
ATACT
4
Fires, hurricanes, and other natural disturbances can result in
competition.
parasitism.
succession.
commensalism.
5
When two populations no longer interbreed, what is the result?
artificial selection.
genetic equilibrium.
stabilizing selection.
reproductive isolation.
6
Which of the following does NOT provide evidence for evolution?
natural variation within a species.
homologous structures of living organisms.
fossil record.
geographical distribution of living things.
7
The period between cell divisions is called
interphase.
cytokinesis.
prophase.
G3 phase.
8
The relationship between a tick and a host is an example of
mutualism.
commensalism.
succession.
parasitism.
9
The way an organism makes its living, including its interactions is its
biome.
niche
habitat.
lifestyle.
10
The human brain is an example of a(n)
cell.
tissue.
organ system.
organ.
11
Which of the following statements about a controlled experiment is true?
Only one variable is tested at a time.
Everything can be studied using a controlled experiment.
Controlled experiments cannot be performed on living things.
All the variables must be kept the same.
12
Changes in DNA sequences that affect genetic information are known as
translation.
transformations.
replications.
mutations.
13
A mutation involving a change in a single DNA base pair
may have an effect on the organism's phenotype.
will definitely result in a genetic change.
will produce a positive change.
will have no effect on the organism's phenotype.
14
Animal cells have all of the following EXCEPT
a nucleus.
chloroplasts.
a cell membrane.
mitochondria.
15
Cell membranes consist mainly of
protein pumps.
lipid bilayers.
carbohydrates.
proteins.
16
A new species is introduced to an area where there is a native species. One dies out because of
predation.
mutualism.
commensalism.
competition for resources.
17
Which of the following does NOT describe the structure of DNA?
double helix
nucleotide polymer
contains adenine-guanine pairs
sugar-phosphate backbone
18
Which is a source of energy for Earth's living things?
sunlight and chemical energy
sunlight only
wind energy only
wind energy and sunlight
19
A normal human diploid zygote contains
46 chromosomes.
44 chromosomes.
XXY chromosomes.
23 chromosomes.
20
An increase in the greenhouse effect causes an increase in
oxygen.
carbon dioxide.
water.
temperature.
21
A substance that moves by passive transport tends to move
away from the area where it is less concentrated.
away from the area where it is more concentrated.
away from the area of equilibrium.
toward the area where it is more concetrated.
22
Which of the following materials would be enough to allow cellular respiration to take place?
oxygen and lactic acid
glucose and carbon dioxide
glucose and oxygen
carbon dioxide and oxygen
23
Which biogeochemical cycle involves photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
phosphorus cycle
nitrogen cycle
water cycle
carbon cycle
24
Which of the following correctly summarizes the process of photosynthesis?
H2O + O2 --light--> sugars + CO2
H2O + CO2 --light--> sugars + O2
sugars + CO2 --light--> H2O + O2
sugars + O2 --light--> H2O + CO2
25
Which of the following is used by cells to release the energy needed to power cell processes?
ATP
DNA
CO2
H2O
26
Which of the following is NOT true about matter in the biosphere?
Water and nutrients pass between organisms and the env.
The total amount of matter decreases over time.
Matter is recycled in the biosphere.
Biogeochemical cycles transform and reuse molecules.
27
The physical characteristics of an organism are called its
genotype.
phenotype.
genetics.
heredity.
28
A relationship in which one organism is helped and another organism is neutral is
mutualism.
parasitism.
competition.
commensalism.
29
According to Chargaff's rule of base pairing, which of the following is true about DNA?
A = G, and T = C
A = C, and T = G
A = T, and C = G
A = T = C = G
30
Which of the following is an important concept in the theory of evolution by natural selection?
the tendency toward perfection.
process that change the surface of the Earth.
homologous molecules.
descent with modification.
31
The movement of individuals into an area is known as
demography.
emigration.
carrying capacity.
immigration.
32
In many cells, the structure that controls the cell’s activities is the
nucleolus.
nucleus.
cell membrane.
organelle.
33
Different forms of a gene are called
hybrids.
dominant factors.
recessive factors.
alleles.
34
Intermediate fossil forms are important evidence of evolution because they show
molecular homologies.
how organisms changed over time.
how the embryos of organisms develop.
how animals behaved in their environments.
35
Which of the following statements best explains the similarity in structure?
The whale and the alligator have a recent common ancestor?
The whale and the alligator evolved at the same time.
The two organisms have the same method of locomotion.
The two organisms spend all of their time in the water.
36
Which cell structures are sometimes found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum?
chloroplasts
nuclei
ribosomes
mitochondria
37
The process that increases genetic diversity within a population is
binary fission.
asexual reproduction.
sexual reproduction.
cell division.
38
In a typical plant, all of the following factors are necessary for photosynthesis EXCEPT
water.
oxygen.
light.
chlorophyll.
39
What are the physical, non living components of an ecosystem called?
biotic factors
abiotic factors
temperate conditions
antibiotic factors
40
Which of the following describes how ALL consumers get their energy?
from inorganic chemicals like hydrogen sulfide
directly from the sun
from eating organisms that are living or were once living
from eating primary producers
41
Which of the following characteristics is NOT shared by both a horse and the grass it eats?
uses energy
movement from place to place
response to stimulus
stable internal environment
42
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
heterozygous.
dominant.
homozygous.
hybrid.
43
Mutations & genetic recombination that occurs during sexual reproduction are both sources of
stabilizing selection.
genetic equilibrium.
genetic drift.
genetic variation.
44
Using natural variations in organisms to pass wanted traits on to future generations is called
mutation.
hybridization.
selective breeding.
inbreeding.
45
Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen, it is said to be
oxygen-rich.
cyclic.
aerobic.
anaerobic.
46
The area inhabited by a population is known as its
age structure.
growth rate.
geographic range.
population density.
47
Maximum # of organisms that can be supported in the env is called...
exponential growth.
population density.
carrying capacity.
logistic growth.
48
Nutrients move through an ecosystem in
water cycles
biogeochemical cycles
ecological pyramids
energy pyramids
49
An inherited characteristic that increases an organism's ability to survive & reproduce is a(n)
speciation.
analogous structure.
adaptation.
vestigial structure.
50
The number of individuals of a single species per unit area is known as
population growth rate.
carrying capacity.
logistic growth.
population density.
51
In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular
nucleotide.
promoter.
enzyme.
amino acid.
52
The total amount of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem can be shown in a(n)
pyramid of numbers
energy pyramid
biogeochemical cycle
biomass pyramid
53
Organisms that contain genes from other organisms are called
mutagenic.
donors.
transgenic.
clones.
54
Malaria is a disease caused by a
parasite carried by mosquitos.
gene mutation.
bacterium found in water.
defect in red blood cells.
55
The first organisms to repopulate an area affected by a volcanic eruption are called
pioneer species.
climax species.
keystone species.
primary producers.
56
Unlike mitosis, meiosis in male mammals results in the formation of
one haploid gamete.
three diploid gametes.
four diploid gametes.
four haploid gametes.
57
The bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together came from
carbon-to-carbon bonds in the sugar part of the nucleotides.
the attraction of phosphate groups for each other.
bonds between the N-bases & the sugar-phophate backbone.
weak hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.
58
The process of making proteins on the ribosome based on instructions from mRNA is called
molecular biology.
transcription.
transformation.
translation.
59
A bird's wings are homologous to a(n)
mosquito's wings.
fish's tailfin.
dog's front legs.
alligator's claws.
60
At the beginning of cell division, a chromosome consists of two
spindles.
chromatids.
centrioles.
centromeres.
61
During cellular respiration, which of the following are released as byproducts?
H2O and O2
CO2 and H2O
O2 and H2O
CO2 and O2
62
Autotrophs differe from heterotrophs because they
make carbon dioxide as a product of using food.
utilize oxygen to burn food.
do not require oxygen to live.
make their own food from carbon dioxide and water.
63
All other things being equal, the size of a population will decrease if
death rate exceeds birthrate.
birthrate equals death rate.
birthrate exceeds the death rate.
immigration rate exceeds emigration rate.
64
How well an organism survives and reproduces in its environment can be described as its
fitness.
common descent.
homologies.
analogies.
65
One example of a density-independent limiting factor is
predation.
competition.
hurricanes.
parasitism.
66
The process carried out by yeast that causes bread to rise is
yeast mitosis.
cellular respiration.
lactic acid fermentation.
alcoholic fermentation.
67
Nucleotides consist of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a
sugar
lipid
fatty acid
protein
68
The process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen is
cellular respiration.
synthesis
photosynthesis.
ATP synthase.
69
Primary producers are organisms that
use energy they take in from the environment to make sugar
rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply.
consume plant and animal remains and other dead matter.
obtain energy by eating only plants
70
The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane is known as
endocytosis.
exocytosis.
phagocytosis.
osmosis.
71
Which of the following is a primary producer?
algae
earthworm
lion
human
72
A chart that traces the inheritance of a trait in a family is called a(n)
pedigree.
genome.
karyotype.
autosome.
73
The principle pigment in plants is
NADPH.
chlorophyll.
ATP.
oxygen.
74
A farmer's use of the best livestock for breeding is an example of
artificial selection.
natural selection.
adaptation.
extinction.
75
In order for a cell to divide successfully, the cell must first
increase in number of chromosomes.
duplicate its genetic information.
decrease its volume.
decrease in number of organelles.
76
A cell has 12 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after it divides?
4
12
6
24
77
How does RNA differ from DNA?
RNA contains adenine and ribose.
RNA contains uracil and deoxyribose.
RNA contains uracil and ribose.
RNA contains ribose and thymine.
78
Which of the following statements about the genetic code is true?
Every codon specifies a different amino acid.
Some codons have no function at all.
A codon can specify more than one amino acid.
Some codons specify the same amino acid.
79
Which of the following is NOT an organic molecule found in living organisms?
protein
nucleic acid
sodium chloride
lipid
80
What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?
It becomes diploid.
It stays the same.
It halves.
It doubles.
81
Despite differences in size and shape, at some point all cells have DNA and a
cell wall.
nucleus.
mitochondrion.
cell membrane.
82
The graph below represents
exponential growth.
age structure.
logistic growth.
carrying capacity.
83
A limiting factor that depends on population size is called a
parasitic relationship.
density-dependent limiting factor.
predatory-prey relationship.
density-independent limiting factor.
84
In the presence of unlimited resources and no disease or predation, a bacterial population will
go extinct.
increase logistically.
become endangered.
increase exponentially.
85
What is the series of steps in which a large fish eats a small fish that has eaten algae is a
a food web
a food chain
pyramid of biomass
pyramid of numbers
86
The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions relatively stable is called
homeostasis
evolution
metabolism
a genome
87
The process by which two cells from different parents unite is called
development
asexual reproduction
homeostatis
sexual reproduction
88
Which scientist formulated the theory of evolution by natural selection?
James Hutton.
Thomas Malthus.
Charles Darwin.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.
89
The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called
replication.
transformation.
translation.
transcription.
90
Which of the following describes RNA?
RNA is longer than DNA and uses 5 bases to code information.
RNA is usually single-stranded and contains the base Uracil.
RNA is made in the nucleus & stays there to do its functions
RNA is usually double-stranded and contains the base Uracil.
91
Bone marrow cells that produce blood cells are best categorized as
totipotent cells.
embryonic stem cells.
pluripotent.
adult stem cells.
92
Proteins are polymers formed from
lipids.
amino acids
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
93
A nucleotide does NOT contain
a phosphate group.
a nitrogen base.
a 5-carbon sugar.
an amino acid.

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