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Periodic table and periodic trends
Periodic table and periodic trends
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1
Right now we're wallowing in molecules of two nonmetals that head up the groups known as
pnictogens
and
chalcogens
:
nitrogen and oxygen
boron and beryllium
fluorine and carbon dioxide
Hydrogen and helium
2
Which does not occur as we cross the periodic table from left to right in any given period?
atomic radius increases
atomic number increases
atomic mass increases
atomic weight increases
3
It's called the
periodic table
so it must be all about the periods, right? How significant are the
groups
?
Groups are most important: groups represent chemical similarities
Not very, they're just reference points for finding various elements
Very: group number tells us the weight and size of an element
Kind of. Knowing group number lets us know the density of an element
4
What is the electron configuration of krypton (36)
[He]2s22p4
[Kr]5s24d105p5
[Ar]4s23d104p6
[Ne]3s2
5
Without looking at the periodic table, which four elements are in the same period?
aluminum, indium, boron, thallium
arsenic, krypton, potassium, titanium
potassium, arsenic, krypton, thallium
Aluminum, arsenic, boron, indium
6
What factor determines which elements are in a given period, i.e. all the elements in the same period have the same what
Number of protons
Number of electrons
Number of electrons in the outer electron shell
Number of electron shells
7
Which element group is highly reactive and includes neither metals nor metalloids?
Chalcogens
Halogens
Pnictogens
Noble Gases
8
Which element has the highest electronegativity?
Hydrogen (1)
astatine (85)
francium (87)
fluorine (9)
9
Without looking at the periodic table, which four elements are in the same group?
potassium, arsenic, krypton, thallium
aluminum, indium, boron, thallium
Aluminum, arsenic, boron, indium
arsenic, krypton, potassium, titanium
10
What are valence electrons?
the electrons in an ion
the highest-energy electrons in an atom
the lowest-energy electrons of an atom
the electrons that participate in chemical bonding and reactions
11
In a neutral atom, the atomic number is also the number of electrons in an atom of that element.
True
False
12
Based on the rule of octaves, G. Lewis described
the octet rule
, which states
atoms with eight neutrons in the nucleus are most stable
in bonding, atoms always try to achieve noble gas configuration
no more than eight chemists should ever try to sing together
the transition elements are inherently unstable
13
What factor determines which elements are in a given group, i.e. all the elements in the same group have the same what?
Number of electrons
Number of electron shells
Number of protons
Number of electrons in the outer electron shell
14
What is the electron configuration of oxygen (8)
[He]2s22p4
[Ar]4s23d104p6
[Kr]5s24d105p5
[Ne]3s2
15
which does
not
always occur as we go from top to bottom of a given group of elements?
atomic number increases
atomic mass increases
chemical reactivity increases
atomic radius increases
16
The lightest elements are at the top of the periodic table and the heaviest are at the bottom
True
False
17
On the standard periodic table, the horizontal rows are called
periods
and the vertical columns are called
groups
False
True
18
What makes the periodic table "periodic?"
it gets revised and updated every 10 years by the scientific community
all of the above
it is organized by recurring or "periodic" patterns
it is consulted periodically by scientists
19
What is a "block" on the periodic table
elements whose outermost valence electrons occupy the same type of subshell
Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, pnictogens, and noble gases
One of the columns on the periodic table
20
What is the electron configuration of iodine (53)
[Kr]5s24d105p5
[Ne]3s2
[Ar]4s23d104p6
[He]2s22p4
21
which group of elements has the highest
ionization energy
noble gases
transition metals
halogens
alkali metals
22
What role do neutrons play in the periodic table?
they can affect the atomic weights listed in the table
they dictate the depth of the groups
they dictate the length of the periods
neutrons have no role at all in the periodic table
23
What is an element?
one of the more than 100 fundamental building blocks of matter
all of the above
atoms whose nuclei all contain the same number of protons
a substance composed of atoms all having the same atomic number
24
What is the electron configuration of hydrogen (1)
[Kr]5s24d105p5
[He]2s22p4
[Ar]4s23d104p6
1s1
25
Which group of elements includes the snobs of the chemical world, which almost never form compounds with other elements?
the halogens
the alkali metals
the alkali earth metals
the noble gases
26
The standard periodic table lists elements from left to right, top to bottom, in what order?
increasing atomic number
decreasing valence
Alphabetical order of symbols
increasing reactivity
27
Which of the following statements about transition metals is true?
they are all d- or f-block elements
They have incomplete d subshells or will ionize to incomplete d subshells
they are strong, malleable, and ductile (able to be stretched into a wire)
all of the above
28
What is the electron configuration of magnesium (12)
[Ne]3s2
[Kr]5s24d105p5
[Ar]4s23d104p6
[He]2s22p4
29
Which statement is
false
?
Transition metals make good conductors of electricity
Alkali metals are commonly found in nature in their elemental form
Halogens are highly reactive
Alkaline earth metals are all relatively soft and silvery white in color
30
What is the purpose of the periodic table of the elements?
to illustrate certain properties of and relationships among the elements
to annoy high school chemistry students
to provide an easy way to memorize the chemical symbols
all of the above
