Which of the following is true regarding the Yerkes-Dodson stress-performance curve?

Some stress is required for peak performance

If damage to the corticospinal tract(s) occurs below the pyramids:

Motor function will be impaired on the ipsilateral side of the body

Which of these activities is not mindful?

Writing notes while listening to music

Which of the following is not a difference between graded and action potentials (GP and AP)?

Signals of graded potentials travel further than an action potential's

Which of the following is not an example of classical conditioning?

A child sees a needle and is scared

Which of the following steps is not involved in phagocytosis?

Debris from the pathogen is released via endocytosis

You wouldn’t be able to feel if someone pricked your left bicep

Which of the following is not true regarding adaptive immunity?

B plasma cells are activated by CD4+ helper T cells

Which of the following is false regarding connective tissue?

Specialised cells are the more dominant component than ECM

If damage to the corticospinal tract(s) occurs above the pyramids:

Motor function will be impaired on the contralateral side of the body

Which of the following is true regarding the resting membrane potential of a neuron?

Intracellular conc. of K+ ions > extracellular conc. of K+ ions

Which of the following is true regarding action potentials?

The membrane can become hyperpolarised if the K+ channels close too slow

What is the difference between the absolute (ARP) and relative refractory periods (RRP)?

Sodium channels are open or inactive in ARP, but closed in RRP

Digoxin acts by inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase. Which of the following would be a consequence of digoxin?

The intracellular concentration of potassium would decrease

The DCML fibres decussate at a lower level than the ST

Which of the following is incorrect regarding equilibrium potential?

Cl- ions move across cell membrane to balance resting membrane potential

Which of the following statements is false?

GABA and glycine are excitatory neurotransmitters

A virally-infected cell will have

Intracellular pathogen material loaded onto MHC Class I molecules

Which of the following statements is incorrect about the sodium-potassium pump:

Actively transports 2 potassium ions into the ECF

Positive reinforcement is:

Giving something to praise an action

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S1 Weeks 5-6 Revision

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Questions 36

Answers

1
Which of the following immune cells does not migrate through the lymphatic system to reach the target site?
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
T cells
B cells
2
Which of the following is true regarding the Yerkes-Dodson stress-performance curve?
As performance decreases, stress increases
As stress decreases, performance increases
Some stress is required for peak performance
As stress increases, performance increases
3
If damage to the corticospinal tract(s) occurs below the pyramids:
Motor function will be impaired on the contralateral side of the body
Motor function will be impaired on the ipsilateral side of the body
Motor function will not be impaired at all
Motor function will be impaired on both sides of the body
4
Which of the following is not a benefit of stress management?
Reduced anxiety and depression
Better conflict resolution
Better positive coping skills
Reduced immune function
5
Which of these activities is not mindful?
Going on a walk and noticing the beauty of nature around you
Doing a body scan meditation session in bed before falling asleep
Writing notes while listening to music
Taking a 5-minute break alone to do some deep breathing after an argument
6
Which of the following is not a difference between graded and action potentials (GP and AP)?
Graded potentials can trigger an action potential
Signals of graded potentials travel further than an action potential's
GPs produce smaller changes in membrane potential; APs = larger changes
Graded potentials spread bidirectionally; action potentials travel one way
7
Which of the following is not an example of classical conditioning?
A teacher likes teaching students who have been nice to her
A man is scared of forests because he was bitten by a snake once in them
A baby loves his sister because she feeds him when he is hungry
A child sees a needle and is scared
8
Which of the following steps is not involved in phagocytosis?
Lysosomes fuse with the phagosome to create phagolysosome
Debris from the pathogen is released via endocytosis
Lysosomes release enzymes and toxic compounds to kill pathogen
PAMPs engage with PRRs, triggering phagocytosis
9
Which of the following pathways is not a pathway of the complement system?
MB-lectin pathway
Perforin pathway
Alternative pathway
Classical pathway
10
From the following select the main inflammatory signalling molecule (cytokines) produced by macrophages:
IgE
Histamines
Interferon-α
IL-1
11
Image
You wouldn’t be able to move your upper left arm
Nothing would change
You wouldn’t be able to feel if someone pricked your left bicep
Your left biceps tendon reflex would not be present
12
Image
Operant conditioning
Classical conditioning
Social learning theory
Admiration theory
13
Which of the following is not true regarding adaptive immunity?
Cytokines released by CD4+ helper T cells activate B cells
B plasma cells secrete large amounts of antibodies
B plasma cells are activated by CD4+ helper T cells
MHC Class I molecules activate CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
14
Which of the following is false regarding connective tissue?
Adipose tissue is an example of loose connective tissue
Regular dense connective tissue fibres run parallel
Cartilage has a limited potential for repair
Specialised cells are the more dominant component than ECM
15
Image
Negative punishment
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
Positive reinforcement
16
Inflammation is NOT caused by which of the following innate immune cells?
Macrophage
Neutrophil
Natural killer cell
Mast cell
17
If damage to the corticospinal tract(s) occurs above the pyramids:
Motor function will be impaired on the contralateral side of the body
Motor function will not be impaired at all
Motor function will be impaired on the ipsilateral side of the body
Motor function will be impaired on both sides of the body
18
Which of the following is not a PAMP?
MHC class I marker
Lipopolysaccharide
Flagella of bacteria
Double stranded RNA
19
What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
-30mV
+30mV
+70mV
-70mV
20
Which of the following is true regarding the resting membrane potential of a neuron?
Intracellular conc. Of Cl- ions = extracellular conc. of Cl- ions
Intracellular conc. of K+ ions > extracellular conc. of K+ ions
Intracellular conc. of Cl- ions > extracellular conc. of Cl- ions
Intracellular conc. of Na+ ions > extracellular conc. of Na+ ions
21
Which of the following is true regarding action potentials?
Depolarisation of the membrane is caused by a rapid influx of potassium
Potassium channels open faster than sodium channels
Sodium channels only have 2 states – open and closed
The membrane can become hyperpolarised if the K+ channels close too slow
22
What is the difference between the absolute (ARP) and relative refractory periods (RRP)?
The RRP occurs before the ARP
No secondary action potentials can occur in RRP, but some can in the ARP
Sodium channels are open or inactive in ARP, but closed in RRP
Potassium channels are closed in RRP, but open in ARP
23
Digoxin acts by inhibiting Na+/K+ ATPase. Which of the following would be a consequence of digoxin?
The extracellular concentration of sodium would increase
The extracellular concentration of sodium would not change
The intracellular concentration of potassium would increase
The intracellular concentration of potassium would decrease
24
Image
The DCML uses A-beta fibres, whereas the ST uses A-delta and C fibres
DCML transmits fine touch, whereas the ST transmits crude touch
2o/3o neurons synapse in thalamus in DCML; primary sensory cortex in ST
The DCML fibres decussate at a lower level than the ST
25
Which of the following is not involved in the first line of defence in the body?
Cilia
Mucous membranes
Gut bacteria
Dendritic cells
26
At what point on the neuron is the action potential initiated?
Axon
Axon terminal
Cell body
Axon hillock
27
Which aspect of an action potential allows it to be unidirectional?
Depolarisation
Refractory period
Repolarisation
Threshold potential
28
Which of the following is incorrect regarding equilibrium potential?
Cl- ions move across cell membrane to balance resting membrane potential
Na+ ions flow down the concentration gradient from ECF to ICF
K+ ions are 40 times more present in the ICF than ECF
Neither Na+ nor K+ ions are balanced at equilibrium
29
Which of the following statements is false?
EPSPs increase the likelihood of the neuron firing an action potential
GABA and glycine are excitatory neurotransmitters
IPSPs hyperpolarise the post-synaptic neuron
Glutamate is an excitatory neurotransmitter
30
Image
The bone marrow
Lymph node
Injured peripheral tissue
The blood
31
Which of the following cells will an MHC Class II molecule not be present on, but an MHC Class I molecule will?
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Red blood cells
Natural killer cells
32
Memory immune cells (B and T cells) are derived from all the following cells except
B cells
CD4+ helper T cells
B plasma cells
CD8+ cytotoxic T cells
33
A virally-infected cell will have
Extracellular pathogen material loaded onto MHC Class I molecules
Intracellular pathogen material loaded onto MHC Class I molecules
Intracellular pathogen material loaded onto MHC Class II molecules
Extracellular pathogen material loaded onto MHC Class II molecules
34
Which of the following statements is incorrect about the sodium-potassium pump:
Generates -1mV charge due to the movement of ions
Actively transports 2 potassium ions into the ECF
Requires ATP to be activated
Actively transports 3 sodium ions out of the ICF
35
Image
Negative punishment
Positive reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative reinforcement
36
Positive reinforcement is:
Giving something to praise an action
Giving something to dissuade an action
Taking something away to praise an action
Taking something away to dissuade an action

S1 Weeks 5-6 Revision Flashcards | StudBud