Which of the following is the best definition for recombinant DNA?

DNA that includes pieces from two different sources

Of these steps, which one occurs earliest in the process of producing recombinant DNA?

Same restriction enzyme is used to isolate the gene/to cut the plasmid DNA

Natural selection can be defined as ________.

Organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive

The founder effect differs from a population bottleneck in that the founder effect ________.

Isolation of a small group of individuals from a larger population

Referring to cell division, oncogenes are most like ___ while tumor suppressor are most like _.

the gas pedal on a car… the brakes on a car

Which one of the following statements is TRUE?

Natural selection works on variation already present in a population.

Which of the following is a genetically modified organism?

an organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means

Which of the following best defines the term "transgenic organism"?

an organism containing a gene from another species

When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein, the ________.

desired gene is inserted into the plasmid, the plasmid taken by bacterium

Natural selection generally results in ________.

a population that is adapted to its current environment

What evidence led to Kirk Odom's freedom after being wrongly imprisoned for 30 years?

an analysis of DNA from the crime scene

Transgenic animals are currently used ________.

to produce potentially useful proteins

Of these steps, which occurs first in the production of a recombinant plasmid?

solation of a plasmid from a bacterium

The Human Genome Project has the potential to ________.

play a role in all of the choices listed here

Which of the following are homologous structures?

the forelimb of a dog and the forelimb of a cat

Gene Inheritance increases the risk of getting certain cancers; thus, it can be said that ____.

predisposition to these cancers is inherited

STR analysis is a DNA profiling technique that makes use that different people have _ .

different # of repeats of short DNA sequences at certain sites in genome

Which of the following is an example of sexual selection?

Peahens choose to mate with peacocks that have the most beautiful tails.

How is it that the cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions?

cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression

studbud

Biology - VETFT018

78 termsStudBud Administration70 plays

Exam 3 Practice Stanbridge University

Flashcards78 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 78

Answers

1
What name is given to a region of DNA that varies from person to person?
restriction fragment
sticky end
short tandem repeat
genetic marker
2
Which of these is a type of posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression?
binding of transcription factors to enhancers
inactivation of tRNA
breakdown of proteins
alteration of DNA nucleotide sequences
3
How do sponges differ from all other animals?
sponges are autotrophs
sponges exhibit radial symmetry
sponges are not heterotrophs
sponges lack true tissues
4
Which of the following is the best definition for recombinant DNA?
DNA that results from bacterial conjugation
an alternate form of DNA that is the product of a mutation
DNA that includes pieces from two different sources
DNA that carries a translocation
5
The scientific field that studies complete sets of genes is called ________.
proteomics
metagenomics
genomics
genetic engineering
6
Of these steps, which one occurs earliest in the process of producing recombinant DNA?
HumanDNA fragments are mixed with the cut plasmids.
Same restriction enzyme is used to isolate the gene/to cut the plasmid DNA
The recombinant plasmids are mixed with bacteria
Bacteria carrying recombinant plasmids are cloned.
7
The process by which genotype becomes expressed as phenotype is ________.
translation
transcription
gene regulation
gene expression
8
A characteristic that is shared by snakes and birds is ________.
being endothermic
the amniotic egg
being ectothermic
the presence of only a single ovary in females
9
Natural selection can be defined as ________.
production of more offspring than can survive in a given environment
process in which changes in gene frequencies result from evolution
the evolution of a population of organisms
Organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive
10
The founder effect differs from a population bottleneck in that the founder effect ________.
can only happen due to artificial selection
can only occur on an island
can only happen due to natural selection
Isolation of a small group of individuals from a larger population
11
Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ________.
pH
A:C Ratio
G:T Ratio
Length
12
In an operon, the ________ acts as an on/off switch.
promoter
activator
operator
repressor
13
The study of the full protein sets that genomes encode is ________.
metagenomics
proteomics
genomics
systems biology
14
Referring to cell division, oncogenes are most like ___ while tumor suppressor are most like _.
the brakes on a car… the gas pedal on a car
the gas pedal on a car… the brakes on a car
the steering wheel on a car… the gas pedal on a car
the brakes on a car… the steering wheel on a car
15
Bacterial RNA polymerase binds to the ________.
regulatory gene
operator
proto-oncogene
promoter
16
Restriction enzymes are obtained from ________.
bacteria
eukaryotes
archaea
viruses
17
Darwin wrote a book about his theory of evolution called __________.
The Voyage of the Beagle
The Origin of Species
The Theory of Evolution
The Origin of Man
18
Which of the following is most likely to decrease genetic variation
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
disruptive selection
mutations
19
Genetic drift is the result of ________.
Enviornmental Variation
Large Gene Pool
Natural Selection
Random Chance
20
Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
Natural selection works on nonheritable traits.
An individual organism can evolve
Individual organisms evolve structures that they need.
Natural selection works on variation already present in a population.
21
Which of the following is a genetically modified organism?
the first organism in which a particular mutation has appeared
an organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means
cloned organism carrying two different alleles
an organism that gestated in an artificial womb
22
Which of the following best defines the term "transgenic organism"?
an organism containing genes from three or more species
an organism containing a gene from another species
organism in which a genetic defect has been corrected using recombinant DNA
an organism that is the first of its kind to bear a particular allele
23
When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein, the ________.
desired gene is inserted into the plasmid, the plasmid taken by bacterium
plasmids multiply and produce the protein outside of the bacterium
bacterial chromosome is genetically engineered, & the plasmid is used
bacterial genome and plasmid are inserted into the genome of the cell
24
Natural selection generally results in ________.
an increase in the size of a population
a population that is better adapted to a future environment
a population that is adapted to its current environment
increased genetic variation
25
Original source of genetic variation that serves as the raw material for natural selection is:
Gene Flow
Mutation
Random Fertilization
Geographic Isolation
26
Which of these could tell you how gene expression differs with and without cystic fibrosis?
therapuetic cloning
DNA microarray
karyotyping
reproductive cloning
27
The total collection of alleles in a population at any one time makes up that population’s _.
heterozygote frequency
genetic drift
gene pool
genotype
28
"Sticky ends" are produced as a result of the action of ________.
PCR
bacterial plasmids
DNA ligase
restriction enzymes
29
The mobile stage of the cnidarian life cycle is the ________ stage
tadpole
bilateral
polyp
medusa
30
Making multiple copies by inserting into a host genome is an example of
STR analysis
PCR
whole-genome shotgun method
gene cloning
31
Which enzyme is used to bind DNA fragments together?
DNA Polymerase
DNA ligase
restriction enzymes
Lysozyme
32
Repressors act by blocking the binding of ________ to the operator.
RNA polymerase
the operon
Promoters
DNA Polymerase
33
Which is NOT an example of artificial selection?
The evolution of bear species
The Evolution of dog breeds
The Evolution of Horse Breeds
The evolution of Cat Breeds
34
What evidence led to Kirk Odom's freedom after being wrongly imprisoned for 30 years?
an analysis of DNA from the crime scene
an analysis of blood types from the crime scene
accounts from witnesses
an analysis of fingerprints from the crime scene
35
Transgenic animals are currently used ________.
all of the answer options are correct
as vectors for use in cloning human DNA
as food
to produce potentially useful proteins
36
The world's first genetically engineered pharmaceutical product was ________.
tPA
HIGH
Humulin
EPO
37
Of these steps, which occurs first in the production of a recombinant plasmid?
cloning
solation of a plasmid from a bacterium
reproduction of the engineered plasmid in bacteria
cutting DNA into fragments
38
Data suggest that the normal version of BRCA1 functions as a(n) ________.
silencer
oncogene
proto-oncogene
tumor-suppressor gene
39
The Human Genome Project has the potential to ________.
play a role in all of the choices listed here
increase our understanding of the historical relationships among species
lead to treatments for contagious diseases
lead to treatments for inherited diseases
40
________ is(are) responsible for more cancers than any other carcinogen.
X-Rays
UV Radiation
Asbestos
Tobacco
41
Which of the following are homologous structures?
the mouth of a mosquito and the beak of a hummingbird
the forelimb of a dog and the forelimb of a cat
wings of a butterfly and wings of a sparrow
the forelimb of a dog and the hindlimb of a cat
42
Gene Inheritance increases the risk of getting certain cancers; thus, it can be said that ____.
these cancers are inherited as a dominant trait
mutations that occur in somatic cells can be passed parent - offspring
lifestyle will have little impact on cancer risk for these individuals
predisposition to these cancers is inherited
43
Many proto-oncogenes regulate ________.
cell division
cell cloning
cell repair
cell growth
44
STR analysis is a DNA profiling technique that makes use that different people have _ .
different alleles for many genes in the genome
different # of repeats of short DNA sequences at certain sites in genome
different CODIS DNA sequences
different restriction fragments
45
What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription?
DNA packing and unpacking
attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter
RNA splicing
the binding and unbinding of transcription factors to enhancer sequences
46
More people die of ________ cancer than of any other cancer.
Pancreatic
Lung
Breast
Skin
47
Which of the following is an example of sexual selection?
Female butterflies have a higher survival rate than male butterflies.
Bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics.
Cheetahs experienced a population bottleneck
Peahens choose to mate with peacocks that have the most beautiful tails.
48
________ are characterized by stinging cells used for defense and for capturing prey.
sponges
cnidarians
roundworms
annelids
49
How is it that the cells in different body tissues are able to perform different functions?
Mutations accumulated in the cells of the different tissues control
The cells contain different genes.
cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression
Different chromosomes have been inactivated in different cells.
50
Gene flow is accomplished by ________.
natural selection
mutation
sexual recombination
migration
51
The similarity of the embryos of fish, frogs, birds, and humans is evidence of ________.
analogous structures
genetic drift
common ancestry
decreased genetic variation
52
Bacteria w/ clusters of genes w/ related functions and DNA sequences are given what name?
exon
operator
promoter
operon
53
Homeotic genes ________.
are an example of convergent evolution
regulate gene expression in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
have very different sequences in plant cells as compared to animal cells
are evidence of the common ancestry of eukaryotic organisms
54
In eukaryotic cell, abnormal protein is binding to the promoter. Which will likely occur?
The gene will be expressed normally
Transcription factors will bind to the promoter
Transcription factors will bind to the enhancers
RNA polymerase will bind to the promoter
55
What is a difference between embryonic and adult stem cells?
It is easier to obtain embryonic stem cells.
use of embryonic stem cells raises fewer ethical issues
Embryonic cells undifferentiated; adult partially differentiated
Adult stem cells are easier to grow in culture.
56
Prokaryotes, the production of 1 RNA transcript for a group of genes is under the control of _.
enhancers
an operon
Transcription factors
signal transduction pathway
57
Which plays a role in the regulation of transcription in both prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells?
attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter
transcription factors
gene operons
RNA Splicing
58
A DNA fragment w/ a sticky end that reads -ATTCG will bind with a sticky end that reads __.
GCCTA-
TAAGC-
ATTGC-
CGGAT-
59
Which one of the following can create new alleles?
mutation
sexual reproduction
genetic drift
natural selection
60
What would you assume if you found RNA transcripts of lactose-utilizing genes within E. coli?
Lactose is present in the cell.
Lactose has bound to the lac operon activator.
The lac operon repressor protein is absent in the cell.
The lac operon activator protein is present in the cell.
61
Humans are chordates. Which animal group is most closely related to chordates?
molluscs
annelids
echinoderms
arthropods
62
The arthropod skeleton is composed of ________.
chitin
cellulose
peptidoglycan
glycogen
63
Which of the following examples results from stabilizing selection?
Birth weight which newborn humans survive/average weight of newborn humans
Garter snakes with different coloration patterns behave differently
There is an increase in antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
There is an increase in the number of different breeds of dog
64
Which of the following turns off transcription by binding to the operator?
repressor
RNA polymerase
lactose
promoter
65
Which of these exhibits radial symmetry?
spoon
snowflake
a shoe box
butterfly
66
Which of the following can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell?
ligase
restriction enzymes
plasmids
primers
67
________ are the most diverse group of arthropods.
millipedes
insects
crustaceans
arachnids
68
A vaccine works by ________.
inhibiting bacterial reproduction
killing cells infected with a virus
stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses
preventing translation of mRNA molecules that code for disease-causing
69
The state of human gene therapy today is that ________.
# of small Successes, including SCID
Used to treat diabetes, caner and bone marrow diseases
Used routinely in the treatment of certain rare cancers
Purely theoretical, and treatments in development
70
Panthera, Felidae, Carnivora, Mammalia, Chordata, Animalia, Eukarya. Which is the Genus?
Felidae
Panthera
Animalia
Mammalia
71
In eukaryotic cells, repressor proteins inhibit transcription by binding to ________.
silencers
operons
enhancers
promoters
72
Introns are____
a DNA sequences to which activators bind
noncoding DNA sequences
the product of RNA splicing
expressed DNA sequences
73
A pharm company is developing anticancer drug, what process would be the best investigate?
glycolysis
meiosis
cellular respiration
mitosis
74
Which of the following is a population?
all of the termites that have ever lived
Termites infesting your house along with the microorganisms living w/ them
all organisms living in your house
The group of termites infesting your house
75
Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates?
they all exhibit radial symmetry
they all have vertebral columns
they all have an exoskeleton sometime during their life cycle
76
To make restriction fragments, a DNA sample is treated with ________.
DNA Polymerase
Restriction Enzymes
Lysozyme
DNA ligase
77
Of the following, which is the last step in the production of a recombinant DNA plasmid?
cloning
using DNA ligase to join DNA fragments
allowing the reproduction of the bacterium bearing the recombinant plasmid
cutting the gene of interest into fragments
78
Which animals have a cylindrical body that is tapered at both ends?
annelids
roundworms
platyhelminthes
cnidarians

Biology - VETFT018 Flashcards | StudBud