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Solar System and the Universe
Solar System and the Universe
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1
The force that tends to pull together the matter in stars is ___.
Dark matter
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fusion
Gravity
2
Earth is a planet found in our solar system. In which of the following do we find our solar system?
Andromeda galaxy
Milky Way galaxy
Snickers galaxy
Elliptical galaxy
3
Which best describes the asteroid belt?
another name for the Oort Cloud
large chunks of gas, ice, and dust
millions of small rocky objects
the region where comets originate
4
The atmospheres of the gas giant planets cannot escape into space because
the gases are too heavy.
the planets have very strong gravitational pulls.
although they are big, the planets have little mass.
the gases solidify at higher elevations.
5
What is the
main
difference between moons and asteroids?
Asteroids are made mostly of ice.
Asteroids do not orbit planets.
Asteroids can have unusual shapes.
Asteroids can be very large or very small.
6
The solar system consists of the sun, several kinds of smaller objects such as comets and asteroids, dwarf planets, and
eight planets and their moons.
more than 100 planets.
the star Proxima Centauri.
six planets and their moons.
7
Bob is comparing two stars in the Milky Way galaxy. How can Bob find out which star has the greater temperature?
by comparing how fast each star orbits around the galaxy
by comparing the number or planets orbiting each star
by comparing the colors of each star
by comparing the distance each star is from Earth
8
The sun belongs to which class of stars?
main sequence
white dwarf
black hole
red giant
9
Small pieces of rock that enter Earth's atmosphere and burn up are called ____.
meteors
dwarf planets
comets
stars
10
Describe the relationship between the color of a star and the temperature of a star.
Red/orange stars are hotter in temperature and blue/white stars are colder
There is no relationship between the color and temperature of stars.
Red/orange stars are cooler in temperature and blue/white stars are hotter
It's impossible to know the temperature of stars, but one can measure size.
11
Which is NOT a characteristic of all planets?
have nearly a spherical shape
make an elliptical path around the sun
have one or more moons
exceed the total mass of nearby objects
12
A dwarf planet is likely to have
a bright tail and a glowing nucleus.
a liquid hydrogen layer that surrounds a solid core.
objects similar or greater in mass orbiting nearby.
chunks of rock and ice that never clump together.
13
Why is the Sun's gravity stronger on Earth than on Neptune?
Neptune has a thicker atmosphere than Earth
Neptune is smaller than Earth
Neptune is colder than Earth
Neptune is farther from the Sun than Earth
14
What do the four outer planets have in common?
They are about the same size as Earth and are made mainly of iron.
They are much larger than Earth and are made mainly of iron.
They are the same size as Earth and are made mainly of hydrogen and helium.
They are much larger than Earth and are made mainly of hydrogen and helium.
15
Many objects can be seen from Earth because they make/reflect light. Which of these objects produce their own light?
the moon and planets
the sun and planets
the moon and stars
the Sun and stars
16
Outer planets have all of the following EXCEPT ___.
dense metallic cores
many moons
thick gaseous atmospheres
ring systems
17
Characteristics used to classify stars include ___.
distance, size, and color
size, distance, and brightness
color, brightness, and distance
color, brightness, and temperature
18
Which correctly places the astronomical bodies in hierarchical order from largest to smallest?
Galaxy, Solar System, Earth, Universe
Moon, Planet, Star, Galaxy
Universe, Milky Way Galaxy, Solar System, Mars
Universe, Solar System, Galaxy, Star
19
Which graph
best
illustrates the surface temperature of the planets?
B
A
C
D
20
The strength of the force of gravity depends on
the masses of the objects and the distance between them.
the weight of the objects and their speeds.
the masses of the objects and their speeds.
the masses of the objects and their weights.
21
A measure of the amount of light received on Earth is a star's _____.
absolute brightness
position in space
apparent magnitude
size
22
An Astronimoical Unit is
the distance light travels in a year.
the amount of light the sun produces in a year.
365 days.
the average distance from Earth to the Sun, approximately 150 million km.
23
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows that main-sequence stars...
increase in brightness as they increase in temperature.
decrease in brightness as they increase in temperature.
are mostly cool and bright.
are mostly hot and dim.
24
Nuclear fusion, a process inside the sun and other stars, produces enormous amounts of ______.
water
energy
carbon dioxide
helium
25
Most ___ are located between Mars and Jupiter.
asteroids
dwarf planets
meteors
comets
