This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools

Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools

Why did Eisenhower say that his appointment of Earl Warren was a mistake?

He "flipped" to the liberal side

a privilege granted to US elected officials

Which of the following is true of Political Action Committees (PACS)?

they tend to support incumbents

Which of the following is true of the bureaucracy?

Military personnel make up the largest segment

If a case is decided as "stare decisis" , what does that mean?

they defer to the lower court ruling

What case est. that the least restrictive remedy must be used when limiting adult programming?

United States v. Playboy Entertainment

What was the ruling in Korematsu v. The United States?

Internment of people of Japanese ancestry is constitutional

How has the gov't. ensured press access to the war front & insured context in their reporting?

they allow reporters to "embed" with military units

Why is it relatively hard to hire federal employees?

They have due process rights and cannot be fired w/o proof

What fact might indicate that an incumbent is in a tight reelection race?

they increase campaign spending

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AP Government Mega Review Flashcards | StudBud

AP Government Mega Review

341 termsStudBud Administration62 plays

A review for AP Government students preparing for the exam.

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Questions 341

Answers

1
All of the following contribute to hyperdemocracy or officials "running scared" except
the power of interest groups
strong parties
primaries
short terms
2
In what type of primaries can voters vote for different parties on the same ballot?
blanket
bicameral
open
closed
3
This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools
Plessy v. Ferguson
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
4
Incrementalism in the budget process leads to
inevitable growth in budgets
delays / slow budget negotiations
the military industrial complex
budget reconciliation
5
Our nation's first government was a / an _________________.
unitary democracy
union
direct democracy
confederation
6
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Protect a woman's right to choose an abortion.
Democrat
Republican
7
All of the following would make approval of a Supreme Court nominee more difficult EXCEPT
The Senate and President are from different parties
the nominee is relatively unknown
it is the end of the President's second term
the nominee is older
8
House or Senate? The Vice President breaks ties.
Both
Senate
Neither
House
9
Why did Eisenhower say that his appointment of Earl Warren was a mistake?
He stepped down after 3 years
He "flipped" to the conservative side
He "flipped" to the liberal side
He criticized Ike's response to the Little Rock Crisis
10
All of the following were intended to limit black voting EXCEPT
poll taxes
primaries
literacy tests
grandfather clauses
11
Franking is
Unregulated
a duty given to US elected officials
Illegal
a privilege granted to US elected officials
12
This amendment limits the U.S. President to two terms.
21st
23rd
22nd
20th
13
The Supreme Court has had original jurisdiction in all the following cases EXCEPT
between 2 or more states
between a state and a country
capital punishment cases
between the US and states
14
Whst American president is credited with inventing campaigning & inspiring "loyal opposition"?
William McKinley
Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
Andrew Jackson
15
This amendment ended slavery
15th
12th
13th
14th
16
Which of the following is true of Political Action Committees (PACS)?
they tend to support incumbents
They coordinate closely with their candidate
There are limits to how much they can accept from any person
their donors can remain anonymous
17
House or Senate? Allows floor amendments.
Senate
House
18
Which of the following is true of the bureaucracy?
Military personnel make up the largest segment
10% is appointed by the President after inauguration
Salaries for federal employees is variable and unpredictable
It has grown sharply since the 1970s
19
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Put a cap on malpractice lawsuits.
Republican
Democrat
20
Which amendment provided for an income tax?
10th
15th
12th
16th
21
What percentage of delegates does a candidate need to get the nomination?
the largest percentage of all candidates
2/3 or 75%
100%
50% +1
22
This case ruled that women have a right to an abortion in the 1st trimester without restriction
Roe v. Wade
Griswold v. Connecticut
Gideon v. Wainwright
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
23
When is a party usually most cohesive in terms of voting as a bloc?
when declaring war
leadership votes
impeachment
domestic issues
24
If a case is decided as "stare decisis" , what does that mean?
they want to lower courts to retry it
they defer to the lower court ruling
they tied
they were unanimous
25
Whose term lasts six years?
U.S. judges
U.S. President
U.S. Representatives
U.S. Senators
26
How were affirmative action programs brought to an end in California?
a court order
an executive order by the Governor
an initiative was passed
the state legislative baody banned it
27
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Increase taxes on the wealthy.
conservative
liberal
28
What "sole power" does the House of Representative hold, according to the Constitution?
Declare War
Approve treaties
Impeachment
Taxation
29
All of the following increase the likelihood of voting EXCEPT
being educated
being young
being female
being wealthy
30
What portion of the 14th amendment is the basis for civil rights protections in the US?
the equal protection clause
the due process clause
elastic clause
the free exercise clause
31
Which amendment says powers not granted to the federal government are retained by the states?
10th
12th
8th
11th
32
What case est. that the least restrictive remedy must be used when limiting adult programming?
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
NY Times v. Sullivan
United States v. Playboy Entertainment
Texas v. Johnson
33
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Privatize Social Security.
Republican
Democrat
34
What was the ruling in Korematsu v. The United States?
People of Japanese ancestry born in the US are not citizens
Internment of Japanese US citizens is unconstitutional
Germans and Italians should also be interned
Internment of people of Japanese ancestry is constitutional
35
How has the gov't. ensured press access to the war front & insured context in their reporting?
the military provides info to be vetted by the press
they put no restrictions on the press in war torn areas
all war reporters are members of the military
they allow reporters to "embed" with military units
36
What gov't agency makes sure that commercial speech is truthful & concerns lawful activity?
Securities and Exchange
Federal Trade Commission
Interstate Commerce Commission
Federal Reserve
37
Civil liberties protections for all citizens are based on
the Preamble
the 14th amendment
The Bill of Rights
The Declaration of Independence
38
Who makes up the interpreting population for the court system?
police officers & teachers
lawyers and judges
criminals
attorneys
39
What case established students can wear arm bands to school in symbolic protest ?
Miller v. California
Schenk v. the United States
Tinker v. DesMoines
Texas v. Johnson
40
Why is it relatively hard to hire federal employees?
They generally quit before they can be fired
They cycle out after each presidential election
It is hard to find new people willing to take the exams
They have due process rights and cannot be fired w/o proof
41
The model where you elect someone and expect them to use their judgement when voting is the
trustee model
instructed delegate model
politico model
agency model
42
What case established that speech can be banned that poses a "clear and present" danger?
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
43
What type of communication is most likely to discuss a candidate's positions on the issues?
tv ads
the nightly news
a poll
interviews with media
44
This 1857 case ruled that blacks were not citizens and slaves were property.
Plessy v. Ferguson
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Griswold v. Connecticut
Reynolds v. United States
45
What political philosopher most inspired the writing of the Declaration?
Montesquieu
Adam Smith
John Locke
Thomas Hobbes
46
Conservative or liberal? Provide a "path to citizenship" for law-abiding illegal immigrants.
liberal
conservative
47
What fact might indicate that an incumbent is in a tight reelection race?
they increase campaign spending
they participate in debates
they are taking clear positions on issues
They are avoiding media attention
48
All the following constitutionally "bind" states EXCEPT
full faith and credit clause
extradition
privileges and immunities protections
dual federalism
49
What case established the media can make incorrect claims as long as they didn't intend harm?
Miller v. California
NY Times v. Sullivan
Schenk v. the United States
Texas v. Johnson
50
What case ruled that congressional districts must be drawn to have equal #s of people in them?
Baker v. Carr
Miranda v. Arizona
Swann v . Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Gideon v. Wainwright
51
What is the only presidential foreign policy action that is self executing?
waging war
diplomatic recognition
appointing ambassadors
executive agreements
52
House or Senate? Has a Speaker.
Senate
House
Neither
Both
53
From the Civil War - 1960s the "Solid South" voted
Democratic
Whig
Republican
Dixiecrat
54
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
gender
wealth
sexual orientation
religion
55
What court ruling upheld using race as part of a holistic assessment in admissions decisions?
Fisher v.University of Texas
Grutter v. Bollinger
Gratz v. Bollinger
Adarand Construction v. Pena
56
What innovation in broadcasting led to the development of "narrowcasting"?
cable television
netflix
satellite tv
the internet
57
House or Senate? Has a rules committee.
Neither
Senate
House
Both
58
What case said the 14th amendment could extend civil liberties protections to the state level?
Gitlow v. New York
Engel v. Vitale
Lemon v. Kurtzman
Schenk v. the United States
59
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Oppose mandatory minimum sentencing programs.
Republican
Democrat
60
House or Senate? Small states are disproportionately represented.
Both
Senate
House
Neither
61
What impact did the Great Depression and Civil Rights have on the feds' commerce power?
it was inconsistent
expanded it / made bigger
contracted it / made smaller
it was unchanged
62
What is the relationship between policy entrepreneurs and media?
Media outlets depend on policy entrpreneurs for ratings
policy entrpreneurs depend on media for agenda setting
it is contentious
it is nonexistent
63
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
attend meetings
register
pay dues
think they are in it
64
Which courts have original jurisdiction in some cases?
Supreme and District
Supreme and Appeals
District and Appeals
District only
65
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "medium scrutiny" standard.
race
wealth
religion
gender
66
What is the President's primary role in national security?
UN Ambassador
Party Leader
Reprieves and pardons
Commander in Chief
67
Which article of the Constitution outlines the amendment process?
Article V
Article III
Article IV
Article VI
68
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 defined ___________________ as a form of discrimination.
exclusion
inaccessibility
disability
accommodation
69
What law requires Congressional approval to deploy troops for more than 60 days?
The War Powers Resolution
The Enduring Freedom Act
The Geneva Convention
The Patriot Act
70
If a state is part of "frontloading", it is probably
moving its primary / caucus to an earlier date
making it easier to register to vote
making it harder to get on the ballot
giving free tv time to candidates
71
What law requires employers to reasonable accommodate people with disabilities?
The Disabled Accommodation Act
The Disabled Freedom Act
The Handicapped Bill of Rights
The Americans With Disabilities Act
72
Across the board cuts that result when the budget process bogs down are called
structural debt
sequestration
omnibus bills
regressive taxing
73
What is the point of a trial balloon?
to see how high it will go without popping
to see public reaction before making a public announcement
to launch a campaign
to mend fences after a scandal
74
If you are a state or local official, which of the following are you the most excited about?
block grants
enumerated powers
categorical grants
unfunded madates
75
Thanks to the 22nd amendment, the President is now inaugurated in this month.
February
December
March
January
76
The effect of iron triangles is typically
elitism
hyperpluralism
socialism
pluralism
77
The clear division of powers between the state and federal government is known as
cooperative federalism
new federalism
fiscal federalism
dual federalism
78
How do U.S. elections compare with European ones?
They are longer but cheaper
They are shorter but more expensive
They are longer, more exspensive and more common
They are faster, cheaper, and less common
79
All of the following are legislative bodies related to the budget process EXCEPT
The House Ways and Means Committee
The Office of Management and Budget
The Senate Finance Committee
Congressional Budget Office
80
This amendment provided for the direct election of senators.
19th
18th
16th
17th
81
An incumbent
has a hareder time raising money
is running for re-election
is seeking office for the first time
has a 50% chance of being successful.
82
Where is judicial review "covered" in the Constitution?
Article VI
Article III
It's not
Article I
83
This 1896 case ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional
Plessy v. Ferguson
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Reynolds v. United States
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
84
If a legislature declares a whole group of people to be criminals, that is called a _______?
extradition
bill of attainder
ex post facto law
de facto prosecution
85
Which of the following is true of 527 groups?
They are for profit taxable organizations
they produce issue ads
they disclose the names of contributors
They coordinate closely with candidates
86
Over time, national party conventions have become less
predictable
attended
fun
contentious
87
If the Supreme Court wants to hear a case, they issue a /an
oral argument
a warrant
opinion
writ of certiori
88
The two models of organization for White House Staff are hiearchical and
circular
flat
wheel and spoke
solar
89
What court ruling banned simplistic formulas that advantaged minorities in college admissions?
Grutter v. Bollinger
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Gratz v. Bollinger
Fisher v.University of Texas
90
When the President is using the "bully pulpit", what tool is probably nearby?
a pen
a shovel
a microphone
a light saber
91
This law banned literacy tests & allowed federal oversight of election activities in the South
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
The 24th amendment
The Civil Rights Act of 1968
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
92
What is a common outcome of lack of party cohesion?
runaway spending
voter apathy
separation of powers
rapid passage of laws
93
What congressional office regulates the spending of public funds?
The Bean Counting Patrol
The Federal Reserve
The General Accounting Office
The Congressional Budget Office
94
Most elected officials use this model of leadership
trustee model
politico model
instructed delegate model
agency model
95
When does a federal judge leave office?
after a no confidence vote
when they choose or die
After 5 years
After 10 years
96
Presidential authority to strip out parts of bills without rejecting the whole bill is known as
ways and means
discretionary spending
the pocket veto
the line item veto
97
What do legislators get out of iron triangles?
expanded budget authority
increased staff
seniority in committee assignments
support from interest groups
98
Which of the following can the President do?
Initiate constitutional amendments
Declare war
Initiate laws
veto laws
99
Senatorial courtesy is most important /critical for what level of the federal courts?
the circuit courts
the Supreme Court
the district courts
100
This law said suspected terrorists can be wiretapped and residences searched without notice
Freedom Act
Protect America Act
Patriot Act
Wikileaks Act
101
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer during questioning if requested?
Gideon v. Wainwright
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Miranda v. Arizona
Escobedo v. Illinois
102
Under the Articles of Confederation, what power did the federal government have?
to create courts
to regulate interstate trade
to tax
negotiate treaties
103
All of the following are purposes of national conventions now EXCEPT
to debate policy openly
to advertise the candidate
to energize the party faithful
to officially nominate a candidate
104
Is political socialization mostly formal or informal in the U.S.?
informal
formal
105
What case declared that the accused must be read their rights upon custodial interrogation?
Miranda v. Arizona
Escobedo v. Illinois
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Gideon v. Wainwright
106
Which of the following is true of Supreme Court opinions?
They must meet the standard of stare decisis
All are written by the Chief Justice
They must be unaninmous
they are either concurring or dissenting
107
What case established it is constitutional to burn the US flag in symbolic protest ?
Schenk v. the United States
Tinker v. DesMoines
Miller v. California
Texas v. Johnson
108
The Hatch Act bans federal employees from engaging in what behaviors?
Electioneering during work hours
Leaking information to the press
Awarding alcohol at official government functions
Awarding contracts without a competitive bid process
109
Uncontrollable expenditures result from
deficit spending
tax indexing
entitlements
tax loopholes
110
For what is Betty Freidan famous?
Starting Ms. Magazine
founding the National Organization for Women
writing The Feminine Mystique
Being the lead lawyer in Roe v. Wade
111
The goal of the Graham-Rudman-Hollings act of the 1980s had what goal?
returning budget initiation to Congress
a balanced budget
a deficit tied to the GDP
passing a flat tax
112
According to the Constitution you must be at least 30 years old to hold what office?
U.S. Representative
U.S. Judge
U.S. President
U.S. Senator
113
The Department of Homeland Security, Education, Health and Human Services are all examples of
Government Corporations
Independent Executive Agencies
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Cabinet positions
114
During the Clinton administration, government spending was addressed by "offsets" meaning
increased spending in one area must be offset by cuts
savings from making cuts are converted to tax cuts
estate taxes would be raised each time spending went up
department budgets would all be cut to zero and built back
115
What was evident after the Kennedy v. Nixon debates in 1960?
The Conservative Era was over
the effect of television on politics would be minimal
politicians must take clear positions on issues
physical attractiveness could impact electoral success
116
What indicator is most significantly correlated with presidential approval ratings?
gold medals earned by the US at the Olympics
economic indicators
character ratings
foreign policy achievements
117
What caused a steady increase in the cost of campaigns in the late 1950s and early 60s?
television
inflation
staffing requirements
new state election laws
118
The Supreme Court ruled NC had gone too far in using race as a factor in drawing districts in
Craig v. Boren
Shaw v. Reno
Reed v. North Carolina
harris v. Forklift Systems
119
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support free trade and low tariffs.
conservative
liberal
120
What court ruling banned the use of quotas in university admissions?
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
Snyder v. Phelps
Texas v. Johnson
Fisher v.University of Texas
121
What is the largest source of revenue coming into the US government?
Income taxes
Tariffs
Corporate taxes
Fuel taxes
122
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Republican
Democrat
123
This case banned teacher led prayer in school
Employment Division v. Smith
Engel v. Vitale
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Gitlow v. New York
124
What case ruling struck down anti-sodomy laws, granting gay people a right to privacy?
Lawrence v. Texas
Smith v. Texas
Reece v. Texas
Texas v. Johnson
125
The United States government is accurately described as
a democracy
a republic
an autocracy
a unitary federation
126
What is a common way for Congressmen to get input from the bureaucracy?
deregulation
approve appintments
hearings
lobbying
127
The distance between a law and implentation is called
appellate jurisdiction
administrative discretion
bureaucratic distance
slippage
128
The 3 part test for government acting according to the establishment clause was established in
Employment Division v. Smith
Lemon v. Kutzman
Miller v. California
Engel v. Vitale
129
The case Buckley v. Valeo struck down what part of campaign finance restrictions?
the part that said you can't fund your own campaign
the part that said you must take public funding
the part that banned hard money
the part that banned soft money
130
This case ruled that "undue burden" will be the lesser standard for abortion restrictions
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Griswold v. Connecticut
Gideon v. Wainwright
Roe v. Wade
131
In the 1830s, the Supreme Court ruled in Barron v. Baltimore that the Bill of Rights restrained
all governments in the US
only the federal government
the state governments
only the executive power
132
Why are state party operations so critical to presidential candidates?
They provide endorsements
They raise most of the money
They know the election laws in that state
They do polling
133
Why does the "Responsible Party Model" work better in Europe than in the U.S.?
Their parties are more organized
They have elections more often
They have more parties
They have more party cohesion
134
How is the Congressional Budget Office different from the GAO?
The CBO is part of the Federal Reserve
The CBO is a watchdog on the GAO
The CBO is a partisan organization
The CBO provides estimates for budgeting purposes
135
All of the elements below are part of iron triangles EXCEPT
the President
interest groups
legilslators
bureaucrats
136
What percentage / fraction of the Senate must approve treaties for them to become law?
3/4
unanimous
2/3
51%
137
Another term for prior restraint is
censorship
subpoena
warrant
arrest
138
What is the purpose of a caucus in the House, Senate or made of both Reps and Senators?
To stop legislation
To focus their collective energy of a specific area
To stop amendments
To iron differences out on controversial topics
139
Powers not granted to the federal government and retained by the states are called . . .
enumerated
federalism
granted
reserved
140
What party, est. in the 1890s, failed to defeat the Republicans despite support from Democrats?
Dixiecrats
Populists
Know Nothings
Whigs
141
Tha patronage system was reformed by what law that requires civil service exams?
The Stalwart Law
Pendleton Act
The McKinley Act
Hatch Act
142
Time, manner and place restrictions to preserve public order relate to the right to
pray
free speech
assemble
vote
143
In what part of the Constitution are political parties discussed?
No part
Article III
Article II
Article V
144
Habeus Corpus rights were at first denied to hundreds of suspected terrorists being held at
Guantanamo
San Quentin
Alcatraz
Los Alamos
145
How many justices must concur with an opinion for it to be considered precedent setting?
7
5
4
6
146
In what types of cases is the plaintiff always the government?
justiceable
appellate
civil
criminal
147
Who determines the method and timing of delegate selection?
the voters through referendum
the Suoreme Court
the states
the U.S. Congress
148
What does it mean when a candidate is being "vetted"?
They are being prepped for a debate
They are being fully "checked out" for any problems
They are fiundraising
They are being nominated
149
Nixon's efforts to cut spending by refusing to spend money allocated by Congress was called
budget resolution
fiscal cliff
impoundment
sequestration
150
Which of the following committees would be considered most powerful?
Ethics
Appropriations
Energy and Commerce
Veteran's Affairs
151
What is casework?
How a lawyer prepares for trial
Constituent services
research Congressional staffers do for committees
Preparation for committee hearings
152
Why did Antifederalists oppose the Constitution?
They felt the Bill of Rights was flawed
They feared a strong federal government
They felt the states were too powerful
They wanted a democracy
153
Implied powers were upheld when the courts approved the national bank as a result of what case?
Gibbons v. Ogden
Fletcher v. Peck
McCullough v. Maryland
Marbury v. Madison
154
Conservative or liberal? Require photo ID to vote.
liberal
conservative
155
Unstated powers that are logically delegated to Congress and the president are called . . .
inherent
reserved
supremacy powers
enumerated
156
The President must have the advice and consent of the Senate to make treaties and __________.
veto
tax
declare war
appointments
157
This amendment protects states from lawsuits from people not living in the state.
9th
12th
10th
11th
158
House or Senate? Has standing committees..
Neither
Senate
House
Both
159
After Watergate and Vietnam, how did media treatment of the government shift?
the press became more protective of the president
the press became a "watchdog" on the government
the press became apathetic towards the government
the press became more deferentail to the legislative power
160
Empty question
Empty choice
Empty choice
161
When Sen. Majority Leade Reid cut the # of votes needed to approve judges it was deemed
the filibuster
sequestration
free exercise
the nuclear option
162
What has led to a drop in the competitiveness of districts & a decline in contested elections?
polarization
filibustering
gerrymandering
electioneering
163
Which type(s) of federal court(s) do not have appellate jurisdiction?
District Courts
Superior Courts
Circuit Courts
The Supreme Court
164
All of the following are true of primaries EXCEPT?
there is a ballot
Voters physically meet and discuss candidates
states have them on different dates
they are more common than caucuses
165
What is the primary reason some states have more delegates than others at the convention?
they raise the most money for the party
they have a larger population
They more reliably vote for the party
they have the most registered party members
166
All of the following undercut the importance of campaign strategy EXCEPT
media culture
party identification
selective perception
incumbency advantage
167
What would be an effect of the U.S. adopting a unitary form of government instead of federal?
more uniformity
direct democracy
more powerful states
no states would exist
168
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
NY Times v. Sullivan
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
Texas v. Johnson
169
House or Senate? Committee assignments are based on seniority.
Neither
Senate
Both
House
170
Who actually votes to nominate candidates at the national convention?
delegates
party leaders
voters
electors
171
How do slander and libel differ as forms of defamation?
libel concerns a group and skander an indiviidual
slander is a misdemeanor and libel is a felony
slander is spoken and libel is written
libel in spoken and slander is written
172
This program provides pensions for the handicapped, orphaned, blind and elderly
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Social Security
Medicare
Medicaid
173
What was the most "democratic" institution established by our founders?
The Senaste
The Electoral College
The House of Representatives
The President
174
House or Senate? Has filibusters.
Neither
Both
Senate
House
175
This court case established the "medium scrutiny" standard for gender-based classification
Craig v. Boren
Schaffley v. Hoke
Reed v. Reed
ERA v. Hunt
176
All of the following are true about impeachment EXCEPT
The House decides the charges
standards for whaat is impeachable are very clear
The chief Justice oversees the trial
Two U.S. presidents have been impeached
177
The following plans / compromises are evident in the ratified Constitution except which one?
Virginia Plan
Connecticut
Slave Trade
3/5 Compromise
178
What case ruling made 527 groups flourish because corporations could give them unlimited funds?
FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life
US v. Nixon
Citizens United v, Federal Election Commission
McCain v. BCRA
179
What prevents the press form being too "tough" on the government and officials?
They are inherently patriotic
They might alienate viewers
they need access to government officials
they are liberal biased towards government intervention
180
McCain Feingold, a.k.a. the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) did all the following EXCEPT
barred issue ads by outside groups before an election
required reporting of PAC contributions
increased the amount individuals to donate to candidates
eliminated the public funding option
181
What was the goal of the McGovern-Fraser Commission in the 1960s?
to make delegate selection more democratic
to eliminate caucuses in favor of primaries
to regulate campaign finance
to streamline platform writing
182
A trial balloon is usually preceded by a
beat
scandal
leak
interview
183
What court cased ruling established that arbitrary gender discrimination is unlawful?
Shaw v. Reno
Shaw v. Hunt
Reed v. Reed
Santa Clara v. Martinez
184
What person or groups bears the most responsibility for funding and shaping a campaign?
interest groups
the bureaucracy
the party
the candidate
185
All of the following are ADMINISTRATIVE functions of the President EXCEPT
execute the law
issue pardons
nominate officials
fill vacancies
186
NASA, National Science Foundation & General Services are all examples of
Independent Executive Agencies
Government Corporations
Cabinet positions
Independent Regulatory Agencies
187
All of the following are new realities of the budget process due to polarization EXCEPT?
fiscal cliffs
authorization bills
government shutdowns
omnibus bills
188
The largest portion of DISCRETIONARY federal spending goes to
defense
education
foreign aid
medicare
189
The significance of campaign strategy
is that it typically converts voters
is that it sets the policy agenda
is generally overstated
is often underestimated
190
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
race
sexual orientation
gender
age
191
What party did Abraham Lincoln found?
Know Nothing
Whig
Republican
Democrat
192
All of the following tend to happen as you age EXCEPT
You vote for Democrats
you vote more
you attend to the news
you get more conservative
193
A disconnect between a law/ statute and the implementation is likely due to
due process
adminstrative discretion
regulation
issue networks
194
What article of the Constitution explains the judicial branch?
Article I
Article II
Article III
Article IV
195
What has been true about American's attitudes about government since 1964?
they have become more informed
They have less trust in the governmnt
they have become more ideological
They have voted more often
196
What is the President's main check on judicial power?
judicial review
impeachment
judge appointments
file amicus curiae briefs
197
What is the primary reason third parties do not succeed longterm?
campaign funding laws
state requirementa to get on the ballpt
the winner take all system
voter apathy
198
This 1954 case ruled that "separate but equal" was inherently unequal
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Plessy v. Ferguson
199
Who manages what federal cases the government will appeal to the Supreme Court?
The Chief Justice
the U.S. Marshalls
The Chief Magistrate
The Solicitor General
200
Expanded influence of the feds over the states through funding is called . . .
incumbency
concurrent powers
fiscal federalism
fiscal policy
201
This amendment says Congress can't raise their own salaries.
24th
27th
26th
25th
202
The Trial of Peter Zenger in colonial America established what new precedent?
all officials criticized have a right f rebuttal
editorials are held to a different standard
you can criticize gov't officials if the info is true
you can be punished if you criticize gov't leaders
203
This case ruled the government must provide an attorney if a suspect cannot afford one
Gideon v. Wainwright
NAACP v. Alabama
Mapp v. Ohio
Miranda v. Arizona
204
Giving government jobs in return for loyalty and support of elected officials is called
due diligence
due process
patronage
merit system
205
All of the following demographic trends in the U.S. are true EXCEPT:
We will soon be a majority minority nation
The median age is getting higher.
the population is shifting to the south
Blacks outnumber hispanics
206
Which amendment banned alcohol in the U.S.?
18th
25th
19th
21st
207
To hold what federal office must you have been a citizen for 7 years?
U.S. Senator
U.S. Judge
U.S. President
U.S. Representative
208
What federal agency oversees all hiring, providing 3 candidates to the hiring agency?
The Civil Service Commission
The Bureaucratic Management Agency
The Office of Personnel Management
National Labor Relations Board
209
For what primary reason do parties hold primaries and / or caucuses?
To select a candidate for the general election
To build enthusiasm
to produce a party platform
To raise money
210
According to Max Weber, all of the following are characteristics of bureaucracies EXCEPT
division of labor
promotion based on merit
reliance on technology
chain of command
211
What types of election do states have that the federal government does NOT have?
policy elections
general elections
primaries
212
Through what court case did John Marshall claim for the court the power of judicial review?
U.S. v. Lopez
Gibbons v. Ogden
McCullough v. Maryland
Marbury v. Madison
213
The National Labor Relations Board, Fed. Communications Commission and SEC are examples of
Cabinet positions
Independent Executive Agencies
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Government Corporations
214
If the President cannot get his judges approved by the Senate, what is his/her other option?
a recess appointment
executive order
shrink the # of courts
a veto war
215
If an issue has high saliency it means
Lots of attention is being paid and it could swing votes
It has a short "shelf life"
few people are paying attention
Lots of people are paying attention but few care
216
What court case established the "hostile environment" standard for sexual harassment cases?
Employment Division v. Smith
Reed v. Reed
Playboy Entertainment v. United States
Harris v. Forklift Systems
217
The purposes of government are discussed in what part of the Constitution?
The Bill of Rights
The Preamble
The Introduction
The Mutual Pledge
218
How many levels are the federal court system?
four
two
five
three
219
What case declared that "separate is inherently unequal", ending school segregation?
Escobedo v. Illinois
Gideon v. Wainwright
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Miranda v. Arizona
220
A judge appointed as a recess appointment can serve for no longer than
3 years
1 year
2 years
6 months
221
Voters registered as independents are positively correlated with what behavior?
fundraising
ticket-splitting
voting
protesting
222
What's the remedy if each house of Congress has passed a similar but not identical bill?
conference committee
casework
joint committee
caucus
223
The Downs Model / Rational Choice Model explains
Why we have two parties
Why third parties tend to fail
why we have polarization
why we don't have radical parties in the US
224
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Protect the life of the unborn.
liberal
conservative
225
Who are the litigants in a case?
the plaintiff and defendent
the lawyers
the judges
the members of the jury
226
Which of the following Constitutional principles insures we are not a confederation?
supremacy clause
implied powers
limited government
elastic clause
227
All of the following are typical actions of the President in their role as head of state EXCEPT
receiving foreign heads of state
pardoning criminals
pardoning a turkey on Thanksgiving
laying a wreath on the grave of the Unknown Soldier
228
Why are signing statements controversial?
they are executive orders in disguise
the Constitution says the actual President must sign laws
They are relatively new in presidential history
They tend to indicate an intent for selective enforcement
229
How has TV coverage of conventions changed over time?
it is shorter
It is more in depth
It is nonexistent
It is longer
230
For a case to be heard by the Supreme Court, how many justices must vote to accept it?
4
5
7
6
231
Strict constructionists seek to understand or discern
inherent powers
original intent
free exercise
judicial activism
232
These were the first two political parties in the United States.
Federalists and Democratic Republicans
Democrats and Whigs
Republicans and Democrats
Know Nothings and Whigs
233
Cesar Chavez led boycotts and demonstrations to get better protections for what group?
asians
hispanics
migrant workers
women
234
Which party requires that primary / caucus results be used to assign delegates proportionally?
Republicans
Democrats
235
What action is Congress's best "tool" for countering judicial activism?
legislation
amendements
regulations
impeachment
236
All of the following groups were part of the New Deal coalition EXCEPT
unions
blacks
the wealthy
white souitherners
237
According to the Constitution, once a year, the president is required to do what?
Give a speech
inform Congress about the state of the Union
hold a joint session of Congress
restate the oath
238
What is the status of the constitutionality of the War Powers Resolution?
It has not been tested.
It has been struck down.
It has been upheld.
It is currently pending.
239
What case established broadcasting can be regulated at a higher standard than newspapers?
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
Miller v, California
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
240
Third parties serve all of the following functions EXCEPT
motivate more people to vote
make elections less volatile
safety valve for popular discontent
inject new issues into the policy agenda
241
What part of the 14th amendment allows selective incorporation of civil liberties protections?
the necessary and propoer clause
the due process clause
the elastic clause
the equal protection clause
242
What is the relationship between fiscal federalism and cooperative federalism?
Cooperative federalism caused fiscal federalism
cooperative federalism canceled fiscal federalism
fiscal federalism encourages cooperative federalism
You can only have one or the other, not both
243
What president failed in his efforts to "pack" the Supreme Court with 6 more justices?
Richard Nixon
Franklin Roosevelt
Teddy Roosevelt
John Kennedy
244
What amendment gave women the right to vote?
18th
17th
19th
20th
245
The court case that broadly defined Congress' ability to control trade between states was
Dartmouth v. Woodward
McCullough v. Maryland
Fletcher v. Peck
Giibbons v. Ogden
246
Most common criminals are prosecuted in what courts?
federal
state
district
appellate
247
How many years must you have lived in the US to be President?
30 years
14 years
20 years
15 years
248
All of the following are criticisms of our current primary / caucus system EXCEPT:
the early states are not representative of the US population
it caters to low information voters
the early states get too much attention
few people participate
249
All of the following are tasks of political parties EXCEPT
run polls on election day
pick candidates
articulate policies
coordinate campaigns
250
What Republican attracted white southerners to the Republican party with his Southern Strategy?
Nixon
Goldwater
H.W. Bush
Reagan
251
What is a leading contributor to the superficial nature of modern media?
Internet ads
consolidation of news outlets
the prevalence of sound bites
24 hour news channels
252
What is referred to as the "paradox of mass politics" in the US?
How obsessed we are with presidential politics over local
how much people complain given how few vote
That the people think we have a democracy when we do not
the success of our democracy given how little we know
253
All of the following are ways the President might achieve a policy without passing a law EXCEPT
veto override
executive agreements
selective enforcement
executive orders
254
Conservative or liberal? Increase regulations to protect the environment.
liberal
conservative
255
The advisor(s) with the least loyalty to the President tend to be
White House Staff
The cabinet
the Vice President
The Executive Offices
256
What do bureaucrats get out of iron triangles?
endorsements
more authority and bigger budgets
less red tape
lobbyists
257
Comstat, Amtrack and the Postal Service are all examples of
Government Corporations
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Cabinet positions
Independent Executive Agencies
258
A hierarchical organizational chart of a party with chairperson at top & candidates at bottom
shows that party strength is on the rise
iis accurate
iis a requirement in a democracy
may be ideal but isn't realistic
259
What was the first form of mass media?
radio
daily newspapers
telegraph
television
260
Executive agreements are like treaties in which of the following ways?
They need Senate approval
They are binding for the next President
They indicate the President's intentions
They need UN approval
261
What type of primary do political parties like best?
open
blanket
unicameral
closed
262
All of the following are cases that upheld the death penalty EXCEPT
Furman v. Georgia
Griswold v. Connecticut
Gregg v. Georgia
McClesky v. Kemp
263
All of the following are ways the president controls the bureaucracy EXCEPT
reorganize budgets
eliminate agencies
issue executive orders
appointments
264
This case limited federal power by ruling that the feds couldn't designate "gun free zones"
U.S. v. Nixon
Schechter Poultry v. U.S.
U.S. v. Lopez
Butler v. U.S.
265
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Subsidize renewable energy development.
Democrat
Republican
266
Which chief justice (appointed by Nixon) upheld abortion & ruled against him in U.S. v. Nixon?
John Roberts
William Rehnquist
Warren Burger
Earl Warren
267
Which of the following is not one of the purposes mentioned in the Preamble?
establish justice
ensure domestic tranquility
due process
provide for the general welfare
268
"Pork"and "earmarks" are nicknames for
legislation related to agricultural subsidies
federally funded projects that benefit a small group/region
retiring officials that become lobbyists
legislation that has wide appeal
269
What part of the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination in federally funded programs?
Title IX
Title V
Title XX
Title XI
270
One key job of the bureaucracy in relation to regulation is
rule-making
passing laws
filing class action lawsuits
iron triangles
271
What group gained citizenship and could vote in 1924?
migrant workers
immigrants
native americans
blacks
272
All of the following happen at a party's national convention EXCEPT?
a debate between the two leading candidates
a speech by the Vice Presidential nominee
candidate nomination
the writing of the party platform
273
How long do national party conventions typically last?
3 days
1 week
1 day
4 days
274
House or Senate? Holds impeachment trials.
Senate
House
Both
Neither
275
You must prove you have been directly affected to prove that you have this in court
legitimacy
jurisprudence
representation
standing
276
Which of the following type of voter is least common?
groups benefits
idealogues
low information
nature of the times
277
Why are federal elected officials often referred to as "generalists"?
They know a little about many subjects.
They know a lot about a few subjects.
They have the most expansive powers.
They favor military solutions in most cases.
278
The Schechter Poultry v. U.S. case ruled that
government regulation is illegal
the stock market must be reformed
farm subsidies are illegal
The federal government was regulating trade within states
279
The fact that Congress initiates laws is an example of . . .
checks and balances
judicial review
separation of power
limited government
280
What fraction of state legislatures/ conventions must approve of all Constitutional amendmentS?
3/4
1/2
100%
2/3
281
The idea that you don't need to outspend your opponent, but you need to get your message out is
the doctrine of sufficiency
the doctrine of efficiency
the doctrine of currency
the doctrine of campaign finance
282
How did local party bosses win support and loyalty to their party in the past?
advertising
providing government services
voter fraud
patronage
283
What aspect of campaigns gets the most media attention?
policy positions
fundraising
"horserace" coverage
the candidate's voting record
284
What type of polls are candidates LEAST likely to use?
exit poLling
key word / phrasing polls
voter perception
push polls
285
What text says, "We hold these truths to be self evident. . . all men are created equal . . "?
Common Sense
The Gettysburg Address
The Declaration of Independence
The Constitution
286
This amendment gave black males the right to vote
14th
13th
15th
12th
287
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer if they cannot afford one?
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Gideon v. Wainwright
Miranda v. Arizona
Escobedo v. Illinois
288
All of the following are a types of third parties we have seen in US politics EXCEPT
popular person-based
revolutionary
splinter
issue / cause
289
What branch can create "inferior courts" of the federal system?
Legislative
Judicial
Bureaucracy
Executive
290
In the legislative process, what type of laws must originate in the House of Representatives?
creating courts
taxation bills
treaty approval
declaring war
291
When judges are accused of letting their personal views shape decisions, unconstitutionally:
due process
judicial restraint
strict constructionism
judicial activism
292
What is the driving focus of organization and action in local political party orgs today?
information management and mobilization
converting voters
polling and policy positions
patronage
293
How many justices serve on the Supreme Court?
9
11
10
7
294
The idea that a popular candidate at the top of the ballot can help elect other party members
endorsements
coattails
approval ratings
bandwagon
295
What effect did Shay's Rebellion have on the "founding fathers"?
They feared a stronger federal power.
They added a Bill of Rights to the Constitution
They were eager to create a stronger federal government.
They opposed federal taxation
296
Case that said laws not aimed at religious interference but that have that affect are ok
Employment Division v. Smith
Barron v. Baltimore
Engel v. Vitale
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg
297
All of the following indicate an intention to return power to the states from the feds EXCEPT
devolution
Nixon's New Federalismj
nullification
extradition
298
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Republican
Democrat
299
All of the following were a part of the 1974 Federal Elections Campaign Act EXCEPT
a program to publicly fund campaigns was started
required reporting of income/spending
required candidtes to take public funds
limited contributions
300
This case ruled the gov't. can't use evidence gained as a result of an illegal search:
Miranda v. Arizona
Mapp v. Ohio
NAACP v. Alabama
Gregg v. Georgia
301
What is the typical relationship between elected officials, party loyalty and constituents?
Officials put their constituents before their party
Officials put party loyalty before their constituents
Their loyalty depends on saliency of the issue
none of the above
302
Which leadership model is related to a direct democracy?
trustee
division of labor
politico
instructed delegate
303
What agency prepares the budget, which is first proposed by the executive (since the 1920s)?
The GOA
The OMB
The Council on Economic Advisors
The White House Staff
304
Controlling for education and wealth, who is more likely to vote?
black Americans
white Americans
305
The power to determine voting requirements and election procedures is held by
the President
the Congress
the courts
the states
306
Which of the following is an example of a beat?
politics
newscast
press conference
narrowcast
307
What case established that the government can regulate corporations under the commerce clause?
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Sweatt v. Paint
Gibbons v. Ogden
Munn v. Illinois
308
Why did Democrats decide to create "superdelegates" after the McGovern - Fraser reforms?
to rank and file party members would have a voice
to ensure the best balloon drop at the convention
to reward big fundraisers
to make sure elected officials and party leaders had power
309
What IS and what is NOT present in a Court of Appeals trial?
3 judges, witnesses
attorneys, judges
5 judges, juries
4 judges, law fairies
310
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
attend meetings
pay dues
think they are in it
register
311
Before the president appoints a federal judge from a state, he'll usually get approval from
the Supreme Court
the state's governor
the state's senators
the state's House Reps
312
Media tends to be biased in all the following ways EXCEPT?
they focus on issues
they tend to be liberal
They focus on odd/ unusual
They focus on individuals
313
This case ruled the gov't. can't require private organizations to turn over membership lists
Mapp v. Ohio
NAACP v. Alabama
Miranda v. Arizona
Gregg v. Georgia
314
This amendment clarified presidential succession should the President be ill but not dead.
25th
26th
24th
23rd
315
Which of the following is an example of unconventional political participation?
petitioning
protest
running for office
voting
316
In 1972, what constitutional amendment failed to be ratified?
The Equal Rights Amendment
Gay Rights
Fuel Independence
Tutle IX
317
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Schenk v. the United States
NY Times v. Sullivan
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
318
Who was the 1st US President to control the press by controlling info and staying on message?
W. Bush
H,W. Bush
Clinton
Reagan
319
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support / expansion of government programs.
liberal
conservative
320
All of the following are true of caucuses EXCEPT
Only 12 states hold them
the most fanous ones are in Iowa
the whole process takes one day
they were a tool of party machines and bosses in the past
321
Discrimination based on ________________ requires the "reasonable / lowest scrutiny" standard.
religion
gender
age
race
322
When a newly elected president claims his/her policies should be enacted, they are claiming
electoral mandate
bully pulpit
neutral competence
state of the union
323
This amendment eliminated the poll tax
23rd
22nd
24th
25th
324
At the start of our republic, to vote you had to meet all the following criiteria EXCEPT
Christian
property owner
white
male
325
What do habeus corpus protections protect you against?
unlawful searches
unlawful imprisonment
quartering troops in your home
treason charges
326
Al the following are concurrent powers of the federal and state governments EXCEPT?
police power
establishing courts
printing currency
taxation
327
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination based on all the following criteria EXCEPT
age
religion
gender
race
328
What two multimillionaires dominated the press in the late 1800s, producing yellow journalism?
Raymour and Flanigan
Hearst and Pulitzer
Cooper and Flanigan
Smith and Wesson
329
People and groups who have a perspective on a case, but are not directly involved, can
obtain standing
testify
file amicus curiae briefs
hire lobbyists
330
These type of protesters have distance restrictions and cannot picket private residences:
police
abortion
school
zoning
331
The Bill of Rights represents what constitutional principle?
limited government
checks and balances
separation of powers
judicial review
332
What branch of the federal government MAY be involved in amending the Constitution?
The Judicial
The Bureaucracy
The Legislative
The Executive
333
What court ruling raised the standard for contract set-asides to "compelling gov't. interest"?
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
Gratz v. Bollinger
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Fisher v.University of Texas
334
Checks & balances, separation of powers & federalism insure that change in the US will be
impossible
slow and deliberate
through consesnsus
speedy and swift
335
What constitutes a "diversity citizenship" case?
admiralty and maritime law
naturalization
civil suits from those in different states over $75000
bankruptcy supervision
336
Interest groups and political parties differ in that
political parties' main goal is to get candidates elected
Parties have legislative goals
political parties offer selective benefits
political parties are involved in electioneering
337
Teacher led prayers violate the
no establishment clause
due process clause
equal protectiion clause
free exercise clause
338
What agency oversees radio & television broadcasting & requires licensing?
Public Broadcasting Corporation
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Trade Commission
Securities and Exchange Commission
339
What do family, mass media, school and peers have in common related to politics?
They are all interest groups
They are all informal
They are all potential groups
They are all agents of socialization
340
The most common vehicle the government uses to borrow money is
foreign banks
sequestration
tax loopholes
bond sales
341
What agency insures that employees are allowed to organize labor unions?
FTC
SEC
ICC
NLRB