What action does the sender take if there's a mismatch or missing packet?

the sender resends the packet if there's a mismatch or missing number.

What is the primary responsibility of the Physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model?

The actual transmission of digital data over networking devices and media.

What is the primary responsibility of the Transport layer (Layer 4) in the OSI model?

Ensures complete end-to-end delivery of data across networks.

Why is the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model often divided into two sublayers, and what are they called?

most complex layer; Media Access Control and Logical Link Control sublayers

How do fiber optic cables transmit data?

By sending light down the core, bouncing it off the walls.

What is the purpose of twisting wires in pairs within a twisted pair cable?

To cancel out generated electromagnetic interference

What is a characteristic of "Dynamic" IP addresses?

Assigned from a DHCP pool of available IP addresses.

What is the primary function of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?

To translate digital information into signals for data transfer.

What is the primary function of a bridge in a network?

To connect and filter traffic between network segments

What are the four most common types of network media mentioned?

Twisted Pair, Coaxial, Fiber Optic, and Wireless

What type of address is a MAC address, and at which OSI model layer does it operate?

A physical address; Data Link layer (Layer 2)

What type of connector is typically found on coaxial cables?

Bayonet Neill Constant (BNC) connector

What format are MAC addresses, and how many bits do they consist of?

12-digit hexadecimal numbers; 48 bits

What is the primary purpose of network addresses (physical or logical)?

To uniquely identify a host machine in a network and know "who's who".

What are the four main components of a coaxial cable, from the inside out?

Central copper core, Insulator, Braided metal shielding, Outer sheath

What is a characteristic of a Peer-to-Peer Local Area Network (LAN)?

Each connected device shares equally in the network's performance.

Which of the following hardware and technology are associated with wireless transmission?

Wireless routers, wireless access points, and Bluetooth.

What is the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?

Rules for how computer systems communicate over a network.

What are the primary components of a fiber optic cable, starting from the core?

Glass or plastic optical fibers, cladding, additional protective layers.

In a MAC address like A1:B4:C5:C1:DD:3E, what do the first six hexadecimal digits (e.g., A1:B4:C5) typically represent?

The manufacturer of the network interface card (NIC).

What is a key characteristic of a managed switch?

It allows the user to configure it for specific network tasks.

What happens in TCP when a receiving system gets a packet?

The receiving system issues an ACK packet

What is a characteristic of single-mode fiber optics?

It carries a single frequency and transmits over greater distances.

According to the textbook, what are the three primary benefits of having a network?

Sharing, communication, and organization.

What is the bit length of an IPv6 address, compared to IPv4?

IPv6 is 128-bit, while IPv4 is 32-bit.

What type of address do switches primarily use to make traffic decisions?

Media Access Control (MAC) addresses

What are two key characteristics of a MAC address?

It's a unique, 48-bit hardware number embedded by the manufacturer.

What is the unique physical address programmed into every Network Interface Card (NIC) by the manufacturer called?

Media Access Control (MAC) address

What is a key advantage of the layers in a coaxial cable?

They provide high immunity to EMI and allow for long cable lengths

When is User Datagram Protocol (UDP) primarily used?

When the Priority is speed and size over security and reliability.

What is the primary responsibility of the Session layer (Layer 5) in the OSI model?

To establish, manage, and terminate sessions between two devices.

What is a characteristic of "Static" IP addresses?

Permanently set; vital for servers or always-accessed devices.

What is a key responsibility of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in the Internet Protocol suite?

To ensure reliable, fault-tolerant data is sent from one point to another.

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5979 -chapter 2

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Questions 113

Answers

1
What type of network media, while not a physical cable, is a prominent connection technology in modern networks?
Fiber Optic
Twisted Pair
Coaxial
Wireless
2
What are the three steps of the TCP three-way handshake in the correct order?
SYN-ACK, ACK, SYN
SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK
ACK, SYN, SYN-ACK
ACK, SYN-ACK, SYN
3
What action does the sender take if there's a mismatch or missing packet?
the sender assumes it was received.
the sender waits for a timeout.
the sender terminates the connection.
the sender resends the packet if there's a mismatch or missing number.
4
What is the primary responsibility of the Physical layer (Layer 1) of the OSI model?
Translating data formats
Ensuring reliable data transfer between processes.
Managing network applications
The actual transmission of digital data over networking devices and media.
5
WANs don't utilize physical infrastructure managed by governments or companies, such as cable systems and satellites.
True
False
6
What is the primary responsibility of the Transport layer (Layer 4) in the OSI model?
To manage physical cable connections.
To route data between different networks using IP addresses.
To translate data formats for applications.
Ensures complete end-to-end delivery of data across networks.
7
What additional functions does the Session layer (Layer 5) of the OSI model provide besides session management?
Authentication and security
Routing of data between networks.
Data formatting for display.
Data formatting for display
8
Why is the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model often divided into two sublayers, and what are they called?
most complex layer; Media Access Control and Logical Link Control sublayers
simplest layer; Physical and Network Sublayer.
It handles only wireless communication; Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Sublayer.
it deals with security; Encryption and Decryption Sublayer.
9
How do fiber optic cables transmit data?
By sending electrical signals through a copper core.
By generating magnetic fields to carry information.
By sending light down the core, bouncing it off the walls.
By emitting radio waves through the air.
10
What is the purpose of twisting wires in pairs within a twisted pair cable?
To allow for easier color-coding of wires
To make the cable more flexible.
To increase the cable's overall length
To cancel out generated electromagnetic interference
11
What type of connector is typically found on either end of a twisted pair cable?
USB-C
RJ-45
HDMI
Coaxial F-connector
12
What is a characteristic of "Dynamic" IP addresses?
They are manually configured by the user for every connection.
They are permanently assigned to a device.
Assigned from a DHCP pool of available IP addresses.
They are only used for servers.
13
Besides data retransmission, what other process does TCP use to establish strong connections and enhance reliability?
A one-way data transfer.
A five-stage authentication protocol.
A two-step verification process.
A three-way handshake.
14
What is the primary function of a Network Interface Card (NIC)?
To translate digital information into signals for data transfer.
To manage the power supply for network devices.
To encrypt data before it is sent over the network
To store network configuration settings
15
What is the primary function of a bridge in a network?
To connect and filter traffic between network segments
To assign unique IP addresses to devices.
To send all data packets to every connected device.
To amplify signals to extend network range.
16
What are the four most common types of network media mentioned?
USB, HDMI, VGA, and DisplayPort
Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Cellular
Twisted Pair, Coaxial, Fiber Optic, and Wireless
Copper, Aluminum, Glass, and Air
17
What type of address is a MAC address, and at which OSI model layer does it operate?
A physical address; Data Link layer (Layer 2)
A virtual address; Application layer (Layer 7)
A logical address; Network layer (Layer 3)
A physical address; Network layer (Layer 3)
18
What type of connector is typically found on coaxial cables?
RJ-45
HDMI
Bayonet Neill Constant (BNC) connector
USB-A
19
What format are MAC addresses, and how many bits do they consist of?
Octal numbers; 16 bits
Binary numbers; 64 bits
12-digit hexadecimal numbers; 48 bits
Decimal numbers; 32 bits
20
What is the primary purpose of network addresses (physical or logical)?
To establish the speed of an internet connection.
To determine the color of a network cable.
To control access to physical hardware components.
To uniquely identify a host machine in a network and know "who's who".
21
What are the two general types of Local Area Networks (LANs) mentioned?
Static and Dynamic
Managed and Unmanaged
Peer-to-Peer and Client/Server
Public and Private
22
What are the two major transport protocols discussed that govern data exchange in a network?
ARP and ICMP
TCP and UDP
HTTP and FTP
SMTP and POP3
23
What are the four main components of a coaxial cable, from the inside out?
Wire, Mesh, Plastic, Coating
Central copper core, Insulator, Braided metal shielding, Outer sheath
Jacket, Shielding, Core, RJ-45
Plastic, Copper, Rubber, Fabric
24
What are the two general types of network switches mentioned?
Wired and Wireless
Analog and Digital
Managed and Unmanaged
Local and Remote
25
What is considered the largest type of network?
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)
World area Network (WAN)
26
What is a characteristic of a Peer-to-Peer Local Area Network (LAN)?
It has a central server that manages all traffic.
It is typically used for large enterprise environments.
It is designed to support heavy network workloads.
Each connected device shares equally in the network's performance.
27
What is the typical geographic area covered by a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?
5 to 50 km (3-30 miles)
A single building or office
Within 10 meters (33 feet)
Across continents
28
What do routers use to make routing decisions and move information quickly to its destination?
MAC address lists
Network Interface Cards (NICs)
Switch configurations
Routing tables
29
Which of the following hardware and technology are associated with wireless transmission?
Ethernet cables and BNC connectors.
Wireless routers, wireless access points, and Bluetooth.
Fiber optic cables and single-mode technology.
Twisted pair cables and RJ-45 connectors.
30
What is the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model?
Rules for how computer systems communicate over a network.
A database for storing network configurations.
A specific type of computer hardware.
A software application for sending emails.
31
What are two common transport protocols used at the Transport layer (Layer 4) of the OSI model?
ARP and ICMP
HTTP and FTP
TCP and UDP
SMTP and POP3
32
What are the two common connection methods for devices within a Local Area Network (LAN)?
USB and Firewire
Bluetooth and Infrared
Ethernet and Wi-Fi
Coaxial and Fiber Optic
33
How many bits are there in a single octet?
32 bits
16 bits
8 bits
4 bits
34
What are the primary components of a fiber optic cable, starting from the core?
Braided metal shielding, central conductor, outer jacket.
Light emitter, light receiver, power source.
Glass or plastic optical fibers, cladding, additional protective layers.
Copper wire, plastic insulation, rubber sheath.
35
In a MAC address like A1:B4:C5:C1:DD:3E, what do the first six hexadecimal digits (e.g., A1:B4:C5) typically represent?
The manufacturer of the network interface card (NIC).
The specific device's serial number.
The operating system of the device.
The current IP address of the device
36
What is a key characteristic of a managed switch?
It automatically configures itself without user input.
It allows the user to configure it for specific network tasks.
It offers limited security options and control.
It is primarily used for extending network range
37
What happens in TCP when a receiving system gets a packet?
The receiving system issues an ACK packet
The receiver ignores the packet
The receiver sends a NACK
The receiving system sends a new request
38
What is a characteristic of single-mode fiber optics?
It is less resistant to electromagnetic interference.
It is primarily used for local area networks (LANs).
It carries a single frequency and transmits over greater distances.
It carries multiple frequencies and transmits over short distances.
39
What are the four main types of networks in use today?
PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN
WAN, WLAN, CAN, SAN
SAN, MAN, LAN, GAN
HAN, OAN, CAN, CNAN
40
According to the textbook, what are the three primary benefits of having a network?
Data centralization, faster processing, and device independence.
Sharing, communication, and organization.
Cost reduction, system security, and software updates.
Troubleshooting, maintenance, and expert support.
41
What is the bit length of an IPv6 address, compared to IPv4?
IPv6 is 256-bit.
IPv6 is 64-bit.
IPv6 is 32-bit, like IPv4.
IPv6 is 128-bit, while IPv4 is 32-bit.
42
What is a key feature of TCP that differentiates it from UDP?
Smaller header size for efficiency.
Connectionless communication.
Faster data transfer with no error checking.
Retransmission of lost data.
43
What type of address do switches primarily use to make traffic decisions?
Media Access Control (MAC) addresses
Service Set Identifiers (SSIDs)
IP addresses
Port numbers
44
What are two key characteristics of a MAC address?
It's a logical address assigned by a router.
It's a changeable, 32-bit software number.
It's used for connecting to the internet wirelessly.
It's a unique, 48-bit hardware number embedded by the manufacturer.
45
What is the unique physical address programmed into every Network Interface Card (NIC) by the manufacturer called?
Media Access Control (MAC) address
IP Address
Network ID
Service Set Identifier (SSID)
46
What is a key advantage of the layers in a coaxial cable?
They reduce the cost of cable manufacturing.
They provide high immunity to EMI and allow for long cable lengths
They make the cable more flexible for installation.
They enable the cable to carry both power and data simultaneously.
47
When is User Datagram Protocol (UDP) primarily used?
When data security and reliability are the top priorities.
When establishing a secure, connection-oriented session.
When the Priority is speed and size over security and reliability.
When every packet must be guaranteed delivery.
48
What is the primary responsibility of the Session layer (Layer 5) in the OSI model?
To translate data formats.
To route data between networks.
To establish, manage, and terminate sessions between two devices.
To handle physical connections.
49
What is a characteristic of "Static" IP addresses?
They change frequently.
They are assigned randomly by any network device.
They are only used for temporary connections
Permanently set; vital for servers or always-accessed devices.
50
What is a key responsibility of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in the Internet Protocol suite?
To handle physical cable connections.
To assign IP addresses to devices.
To ensure reliable, fault-tolerant data is sent from one point to another.
To manage the display of web pages.
51
Which of the following best describes the two main types of Network Interface Cards (NICs)?
Analog and Digital
Primary and Secondary
External and Internal
Wired and Wireless
52
What is the primary function of a Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)?
To provide internet access to individual homes only.
To connect different LANs and WANs scattered around a city.
To create a single, centralized office network.
To connect personal devices within a small range.
53
What type of network connects devices together in a single physical location like a building, office, or home?
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
54
What is the primary responsibility of the Presentation layer (Layer 6) in the OSI model?
Handling physical data transmission.
Routing data between networks.
Establishing network connections.
Handles data format, encryption, and compression to support layer 7
55
How are MAC addresses typically represented?
As binary strings of 32 bits.
Six pairs of hexadecimal digits split by hyphens, colons, or no separator.
As a sequence of alphabetical characters.
As single decimal numbers separated by commas.
56
What is the primary function of a wireless access point?
To convert digital signals into analog signals.
To manage IP addresses for network devices.
To amplify signals to extend a wired network's reach.
To allow users to connect to a wired network wirelessly.
57
What is a key characteristic of a Client/Server Local Area Network (LAN)?
Each connected device shares equally in performance.
It has no central server.
Clients connect to a central server for resources and traffic control.
It is typically used for very small home networks.
58
Which of the following is a characteristic of network repeaters?
They regenerate signals without modifying them.
They only work with digital signals.
They increase data loss across the network.
They modify signals to improve their quality
59
In an IPv4 address, what is the range of numbers for each of the four octets?
0 to 255
0 to 1024
0 to 127
0 to 99
60
The first three octets are the network interface controller
False
True
61
What two common technologies are built upon coaxial cable as their foundation?
Bluetooth devices and mobile data.
Fiber Optic networks and satellite radio.
Ethernet networks and cable television.
Wireless networks and phone lines.
62
What are the two ways routing tables can be configured?
Wired and Wireless
Static and Dynamic
Managed and Unmanaged
Analog and Digital
63
What type of signals do Wireless Access Points (WAPs) primarily use to connect to the wired network?
Electrical signals
Infrared signals
Light signals
Radio Frequency signals
64
What is a key limitation of network hubs?
They are unable to regenerate signals
They can only connect two devices at a time
They can only be used with wireless connections.
They send all data packets to every connected device
65
Why was IPv6 created?
To improve Wi-Fi signal strength
To support a larger number of addresses than IPv4
To replace MAC addresses
To provide a new type of personal area network
66
What is true about the uniqueness of Private IP addresses?
They are globally unique across the entire internet.
They must be unique across all private networks.
They are assigned randomly and don't need to be unique at all.
Only unique within their network; can repeat in other private networks.
67
In a peer-to-peer network, what role does every device play?
Only a client, receiving resources.
Both a client and a server, equally sharing resources and access.
A router, directing all network traffic.
Only a server, providing resources.
68
A LAN can range from a small home network to an enterprise network with hundreds or thousands of users.
False
True
69
In TCP, what happens to every packet, and how is it tracked?
Packets are tracked by the receiver, not the sender.
Each packet gets a unique sequence number and is tracked until complete
Packets are sent randomly with no tracking.
Only the first packet is tracked; the rest are assumed to arrive.
70
Which two types of twisted pair cables are mentioned as being used in modern networking solutions?
Coaxial and Fiber Optic
Analog and Digital
Managed and Unmanaged
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
71
What is a hub, according to the textbook?
A wireless access point for mobile devices.
A device that filters network traffic.
A single-port repeater for one device.
A multi-port repeater connecting multiple devices
72
What are the two types of Personal Area Networks (PANs) mentioned?
Managed and Unmanaged
Analog and Digital
Public and Private
Wired and Wireless
73
What is the primary function of a router in a network?
To amplify network signals.
To forward data packets between computer networks based on IP addresses.
To connect multiple devices within a single network.
To assign MAC addresses to devices.
74
In what radio frequency (RF) range do wireless devices typically operate?
Only 60 Hz
Above 10 GHz
2.4 GHz to 5 GHz
Below 1 GHz
75
What is the purpose of a modem's modulation/demodulation process?
To convert digital signals into analog signals for local network use
To translate signals into 0s and 1s for connection to an ISP and Internet
To prioritize certain data packets over others
To secure network traffic from unauthorized access
76
What is a Wide Area Network (WAN) essentially considered, and how are they established?
A single, isolated network; through simple wireless connections.
A network of networks; by a series of complex physical infrastructure.
A personal connection for a single device; through Bluetooth.
A small office network; by a single router.
77
What are the two modes of fiber optics mentioned?
Active and Passive
Analog and Digital
Wired and Wireless
Single mode and Multimode
78
Ipv6 was created by which organization?
created by Microsoft.
created by Google.
created by IANA.
created by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).
79
What two network devices are almost always used in the creation of LANs?
Repeaters and Hubs
Modems and WAPs
Switches and Routers
Bridges and Transceivers
80
What is the most commonly implemented form of IP address, and how are its four octets separated?
MAC address; separated by hyphens.
IPv4; separated by dots.
URL; separated by slashes.
IPv6; separated by colons.
81
What is the primary responsibility of the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model?
To establish and manage connections between applications.
To handle application-level communication and data encryption.
To route data across different networks using IP addresses.
Gets data, checks errors, and packages it into frames.
82
Layer3 works for the transmission of data from a source device in one network to a destination device in another network
False
True
83
layer 7 supplies network services to end-user applications that produce data to be transferred over the network.
False
True
84
What is a characteristic of multimode fiber optics?
carries a single frequency and transmits over greater distances.
It is immune to all types of signal degradation.
It carries many frequencies, wavelengths but transmits shorter distances.
It is primarily used for long-haul telecommunications.
85
What is a key characteristic of "Public" IP addresses?
They are used only within private networks.
They are primarily for internal network communication.
They are not unique across different networks.
They are assigned to devices that directly access the Internet.
86
Which of the following is a fundamental characteristic of a network?
A connection designed exclusively for internet access.
A system that requires at least five connected devices.
A configuration solely for high-speed data transfer.
Two or more devices connected to exchange information.
87
What is a key characteristic of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) compared to TCP?
Its main goal is to send datagrams (packets) as quickly as possible
It is connection-oriented and focuses on reliability.
It uses a three-way handshake for connection establishment.
It retransmits lost data to ensure delivery.
88
What does the "Broad" characteristic of a Wide Area Network (WAN) refer to?
Its use of a wide variety of cable types.
Its capacity to carry many different types of data.
Its ability to transmit data quickly.
Its huge geographic span, covering regions, countries, or the globe.
89
What does the "High capacity" characteristic of a Wide Area Network (WAN) imply?
It has a limited amount of data it can transmit
It can only connect a small number of users.
It is capable of connecting hundreds, thousands, or millions of users.
It uses very thick cables.
90
Wide Area Network (WAN) covers large geographical areas and consists of at least two or more LANs or MANs.
False
True
91
In client/server networks, what is the role of the server?
To act as a user on the network.
To centrally manage and distribute data or resources to clients.
To only connect to other servers.
To request data from other clients.
92
Peer-to-Peer LAN has a central server
True
False
93
How are IPv6 addresses expressed, and how many bits are in each group?
Six groups of three octal digits, separated by slashes (each 12 bits).
Twelve groups of two binary digits, separated by hyphens (each 4 bits).
Eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, separated by colons (each 16 bits)
Four groups of eight decimal digits, separated by dots (each 8 bits).
94
What type of network typically spans over a metropolitan area, such as a city?
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Local Area Network (LAN)
95
What is the primary function of a modem?
To amplify digital signals for longer distances.
To direct network traffic based on IP addresses
To convert analog signals from telephone wires into digital form
To assign unique MAC addresses to devices
96
What type of network connects computers or devices within the range of an individual person?
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
97
What is a key function of a network switch?
It sends all data to every device on the network.
It converts analog signals to digital signals.
It extends the reach of a wireless signal.
It directs data only to the devices that need it.
98
What is the primary function of a repeater in a network?
To convert wired signals to wireless signals.
To assign IP addresses to devices.
To block unwanted network traffic
To amplify and regenerate signals to extend network reach.
99
What is a primary characteristic of an unmanaged switch?
It is typically plug-and-play and requires no user configuration
It requires user configuration for specific tasks.
It offers extensive security configuration options.
It is primarily used for large enterprise networks.
100
Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for transmitting data to its destination device using the MAC address?
Network Layer
Data Link Layer
Physical Layer
Transport Layer
101
How do routers recognize other routers and decide where to deliver messages in a network?
Through routing protocols
Through a hard-coded switch list
Through direct user input for each message.
Through their MAC addresses
102
What is the single defining characteristic of a Local Area Network (LAN)?
It always involves thousands of users.
It connects devices across multiple cities.
It uses only wireless connections.
Connected devices are in a single, limited geographic area.
103
What device is commonly required for every Wide Area Network (WAN)?
A modem
A switch
A wireless access point
A router
104
What is a characteristic of "Private" IP addresses?
They are used within private networks and are not routable on the Internet
They are only used for connecting to external servers
They are assigned by internet service providers for global access
They are always publicly accessible on the internet
105
What is the most notable example of a Wide Area Network (WAN) that spans the entire world?
A home Wi-Fi network
The Internet.
A single office building's network.
A city's public Wi-Fi.
106
What organization is responsible for the highly controlled distribution of IP addresses?
Microsoft
National Security Agency (NSA)
Google
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
107
What is the primary use of Private IP addresses?
To directly access websites on the public internet.
To connect to remote servers located in different countries.
To uniquely identify a device globally on the internet.
To communicate between devices within the same private network.
108
What are the three key characteristics of a Wide Area Network (WAN) mentioned?
Confined, Moderate capacity, Dedicated
Broad, High capacity, Public carrier
Narrow, Limited capacity, Local
Small, Low capacity, Private
109
What are two key characteristics of fiber optic cables?
Low data speeds and short transmission ranges.
High data speeds and long transmission ranges.
Susceptibility to electromagnetic interference and low cost.
Easy installation and broad compatibility.
110
In addition to unicast, what two other modes does UDP operate in for sending data?
Broadcast mode and Multicast mode
Sequential and random mode.
Point-to-point and star mode.
Upload mode and download mode.
111
What are two key characteristics of Public IP addresses?
They are only used for private communication and are static.
They are not globally unique and are managed by individual users.
They are used only in local networks & are assigned by device manufacturers
They are globally unique and are assigned by ISPs.
112
What is the typical maximum range of a Personal Area Network (PAN)?
1 kilometer (0.6 miles)
Within 10 meters (33 feet)
100 meters (330 feet)
No specific range
113
Which of the following is an advantage of using a network bridge?
It always increases overall network traffic
It provides traffic segmentation and filtering based on MAC addresses.
It is primarily used for extending wireless signal range.
It broadcasts all data to every device on the network.

5979 -chapter 2 Flashcards | StudBud