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Biology Ohio State Test Practice/Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Biology Ohio State Test Practice/Review
Biology Ohio State Test Practice/Review
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1
A scientist isolates a number of non-photosynthetic prokaryotes. Which structure would be found in these cells?
nucleus
chloroplast
golgi
cell walls
2
The diagram shows the karyotype of a muscle cell from a wild sheep. Which of the following statments is
NOT
correct?
Sheep gamete cells are haploid.
Sheep gametes contain 27 chromosomes
Sheep somatic cells are diploid.
The sheep is a female.
3
A student performs an experiment to study the transport of H
2
O in & out of cells. What conclusion can be made after 1 hr
Water transports solutes out of the cell to balance % concentrations.
Water moves freely inside & outside the cell independent of solute %.
Water moves into the cell & solutes move of the cell to ensure % balancing
Water movement into the cell is dependent on the % concentration gradient.
4
A protein is built from polypeptides. What causes the polypeptides to have different three-dimensional folding patterns?
The polypeptides are assembld by different ribosomes.
The polypeptides are controlled by different gene expression processes.
The polypeptides are composed of different amino acid sequences.
The polypeptides are assembled in different parts of the cell.
5
Chief cells in the stomach secrete enzymes for digestion. We could expect these cells to contain more of what organelle?
Ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulums
Lysosomes
Nuclei
6
Which of the following would disturb Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium and cause a population to evolve over time?
The population size remains large.
The population randomly mates with each other with no phenotypic preference
There is no migration or emigration.
There are mutations accidentally introduced when copying DNA.
7
Scientists discover a new species of bacteria. Which tool should be used to gentically compare them to other bacteria?
gel electrophoresis
chi-squared test
electron microscope
gene therapy
8
Chemosynthesis is a process used by organisms in dark, deep sea ecosystems. How does it differ from photosynthesis?
Chemosynthesis produces energy in the form of sugars.
Chemosynthesis is used by autotrophic organisms.
Chemosynthesis requires carbon dioxide.
Chemosynthesis harvests energy from other chemical compounds
9
Oxygen in Earth's early atmosphere was generated by marine organisms called cyanobacteria through a process called?
protein synthesis
photosynthesis
cellular respiration
fermentation
10
Wolves in a forest eat slow rabbits. What will happen to rabbits after 50 generations?
More rabbits will have average legs and speed
More rabbits will have slow, short legs
Rabbits will not evolve
More rabbits will have long, fast legs
11
What does this graph show about photosynthesis and increasing light intensity?
Photosynthesis increases at first, and then decreases
The blue and brown plants have the same rate
Photosynthesis increases with increasing light
There is no relationship between photosynthesis and light intensity
12
A new species has all traits listed below except fur. Where does it belong?
Between Mouse and Chimp
Between Hagfish and Perch
Between Pigeon and Mouse
Between Lizard and Pigeon
13
During what time did volcanic eruptions significantly reduce the amount of dissolved oxygen in the oceans?
Time 1
Time 3
Time 2
After Time 3
14
Name the mRNA strand that would be made from the coding DNA strand "TAC GCG ATA"
TAC GCG ATA
AUG CGC UAU
UAC GCG AUA
ATG CGC TAT
15
Using the codon chart, give the sequence for the mRNA strand: AUG CUC CAG AAA
Met - Leu - Gln - Lys
Met - Lys - Gln - Ile
Thr - Pro - Leu - Asn
Ile - Pro - His - Asn
16
The process of photosynthesis occurs in what organelle?
Golgi
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
17
Which enzyme would be
most
efficient in an environment where the pH level can fluctuate between acidic and basic?
Enzyme C
Enzyme B
Enzyme D
Enzyme A
18
Lizard species on an isolated island eat different insects. Species A eats only ants. Why?
It has more genetic variability
It occupies a different ecological niche
Ants have a smaller population than other insects
It chose this adaptation
19
Which organelle is NOT involved in making protein?
Nucleus
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
20
In what process does DNA play a role?
Transporting Proteins
Allowing molecules in and out of the cell
Protein Synthesis
Storing long-term energy for the cell
21
When yeast receive more sugar, they produce more CO
2
as a byproduct. They are also making more?
Oxygen
DNA
ATP
Water
22
Describe what is happening in this graph?
The population reaches carrying capacity and stabilizes.
The population shrinks exponentially until it reaches carrying capacity.
The population declines to extinction.
The population grows exponentially and keeps growing.
23
In sponges, round body shape is dominant over square body shape. What % of the offspring will be heterozygous?
25%
50%
100%
75%
24
What kind of macromolecule stores the MOST energy AND provides thermal regulation?
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Proteins
25
The graph shows the population growth of an organism over time. What shift in populatuion has occured by point A?
There will be more food available than the population can consume.
The birth and death rates are equivalent.
The population sizes of the organism and its predator are equalized.
The rate of emigration equals the death rate.
26
Which element is found in all living cells on Earth?
aluminum
carbon
boron
chlorine
27
These four cells are from the same animal. What is true about them?
Cells 1 and 2 have the same active genes
Cells 3 and 4 have the biggest DNA because they are longest
The cells look different because they come from different organisms
All four have identical DNA
28
One of the products of photosynthesis is oxygen. Where does the oxygen come from?
Glucose that the plants made.
The chemical breakdown of water
Carbon dioxide from the air
In solar rays from the sun.
29
All cells share four common components. Which of the following components do all cells NOT share?
Cell Membrane
DNA
Ribosomes
Nucleus
30
The cladogram shows relationships among 7 organisms. Which grouping includes an ancestor & all of its descendants?
M - N - O
O - P - R
P - R - S
N - O - P
31
A cell is placed into solution & has a lower solute concentration of protein & sugar. What is most likely to occur?
Water from the solution will diffuse into the red blood cell.
Protein and sugar from the solution will diffuse into the red blood cell.
Water from the red blood cell will diffuse into the solution.
Protein and sugar from the red blood cell will diffuse into the solution.
32
A population of seals experiences Bottleneck Genetic Drift. Their genetic diversity
Increases
Creates new genes
Stays the same
Decreases
33
Cell respiration produces these products:
Sunlight, Sugar and CO2
Sunlight, Sugar and H2O
ATP, O2 and H2O
ATP, CO2, and H2O
34
The best indicator of an organism's evolutionary fitness is the number of
mating partners it has over its life span.
years in its natural life span.
offspring it produces that survive to reproductive age.
individuals in its population.
35
The table shows the derived traits of five plant groups. Which trait was the earliest to appear among the plant groups?
stomata
seeds
vasculature
flowers
36
What is the key difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
Only Prokaryotes have cell membranes
Only Eukaryotes have a nucleus
Only Eukaryotes have ribosomes
Only Prokaryotes have mitochondria
37
Scientists have observed that many species of bacteria are no longer susceptible to once effective antibiotics Why?
The bacteria that survived the antibiotics passed that resistance on.
The bacteria learned to avoid the antibiotics.
The bacteria modified the antibiotics to make them more effective.
The bacteria that were susceptible 2 the antibiotics had the most offspring
38
Which two structures does this eukaryotic cell have that the prokaryotic cell does not have?
mitochondria and a nucleus
flagella and a cell membrane
chromosomes and cytoplasm
ribosomes and chloroplasts
39
What was the ecosystem's carrying capacity for buffalo, based on the graph, once rinderpest virus was eliminated?
60,000 buffalo
55,000 buffalo
65,000 buffalo
35,000 buffalo
40
What is the end result of crossing over?
Increase in offspring variation
Production of identical gametes
Increase in mutations
Deletion of amino acids in proteins
41
What part of the cell cycle is this?
Telophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Prophase
42
In what stage do cells spend most of their time?
Metaphase
Prophase
Interphase
Cytokinesis
43
What genetic inheritance pattern is it when a red flowering plant mates with a white flowering plant yielding pink?
Incomplete dominance
Simple dominant vs. recessiveness
Sex linked
Codominance
44
What is the correct order of the following (the central dogma of biology)?
RNA to DNA to Protein
DNA to Protein to RNA
DNA to RNA to Protein
RNA to Protein to DNA
45
A man with hemophilia (a recessive X-linked trait) marries a woman with two normal genes. Their sons
have a 50% chance of having hemophilia
will not have hemophilia.
have a 25% chance of having hemophilia
have a 100% chance of being a carrier for hemophilia.
46
The graph shows the diversity of marine invertebrates. During what time did marine environment remain relatively stable?
Time 2
Time 1
Time 3
After Time 3
47
Why does transcription and translation occur simultaneously in prokaryotic cells but
not
in eukaryotic cells?
Eukaryotic cells do not create amino acids until transcription of complete
Prokaryotic cells have more mitochindria to produce energy.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus to seperate the two processes.
Eukaryotic cells lack ribosomes 2 translate the mRNA for protein synthesis.
48
Which is true about the cells made by meiosis?
There are 4 diploid cells
There are 2 haploid cells
There are 2 diploid cells
There are 4 haploid cells
49
Which graph shows the effects of temperature on the activity of an enzyme?
Graph C
Graph A
Graph D
Graph B
50
4 desert lizard species eat insects as part of their diet. Which statement could explain the dietary specialization of P
Lizard P occupies a different ecological niche than lizards M, N, and O.
Ants have a smaller population that the lotust, beetle, termite, & larvae
Lizard P has more genetic variability than lizards M, N, and O.
Each lizard chose to have adaptations that allow them to eat differently
