TMS Chapter 8. Institutional Racism

The sorting of different types of people into separate neighborhoods is called ____.

The following are examples of resource deserts

In true "modern" fashion, the meritocracy ranked everyone on a simple scale of "better" to "worse", as a number.

Restrictive covenants: neighbors agreed among themselves not to sell their homes to nonwhites.

White fight refers to "organized White resistance to integration" and it could be violent.

Racism refers to prejudice, discrimination & racist social structures

For philosopher Marilyn Frye, oppression is a birdcage with each social institution as the wire of a cage.

Colorism: prejudice against and discrimination toward people with dark skin compared to those with light skin.

Intergenerational adv/disadvantage: adv/disadvantage that is passed from parents to children.

Racist social structure: social patterns of _______ are also reflected in social institutions

Misconduct of White boys is often brushed off as harmless, but that of BIPOC boys is adultified: they get punished.

Hypersegregation: extreme residential segregation

Mass incarceration: an extremely high rate of imprisonment in crosscultural historical perspective.

"Widespread and enduring practices that persistently disadvantage some kinds of peopel while advantaging others":

Adultification: a form of bias in which adult characteristics are attributed to children.

We continue to see White fight in the form of NIMBY politics across US: white residents oppose affordable housing devt

___ is a term that refers to a society's production of unjust outcomes for some racial or ethnic groups.

In 1968, the Fair Housing Act made it illegal to discriminate against renters/buyers because of their race & religion

In a case of hypersegregation, many people's daily lives involve little/no contact with people of other races.

Sundown towns enforced racial segregation by threatening any nonwhite person in town after sunset with violence

In 1958, British sociologist Michael Young invented the word "meritocracy".

Today, less than 2% of the U.S. population identifies as Native.

Cumulative advantage/disadvantage: advantage or disadvantage that builds over the life course.

In a meriotcracy, a person's worth is determined wholly

Those Native Americans whom European did not kill, they attempted to assimilate thru education & interracial marriage.

The United States is a meritocracy.

When White fight failed, there was White flight: White people started leaving a neighborhood when BIPOC folks moved in

Racist social structures are held in place by the powerful & maintain racial/ethnic advantage & disadvantage

The African American sociologist Robert Bullard is known as the father of environmental justice.

Spatial analysis: a research method in which data are layered onto a landscape divided into finegrained segments

Tracking: the practice of placing students in different classrooms according to their perceived ability.

School to prison pipeline: a practice of discipling/punishing children/youth in school that routes them out of education

Achievement gaps: disparities in the academic accomplishments of different kinds of students

Structural violence: institutional discrimination that injures the body and mind.

The Fair Housing Act made it illegal to discriminate against renters & buyers because of their sex & national origin.

Steering: real estate agents colluded with neighbors to maintain all-White neighborhoods

Redlining: Pvt banks & govt lenders refusing loans to or steeply overcharging buyers in poor & minority neighborhoods

Environmental racism: thepractice of exposing racial & ethnic minorities to more toxins & pollutants than White people

Mass deportation: an extremely high rate of deportation in crosscultural & historical perspective

Places that lack beneficial or critical amenities are called _____.

Cross-Institutional adv/disadvantage: a phenomenon in which people are +vely/-vely served across multiple institutions