Informatics quiz 2 pt. 2

Question 1

Errors do not result when a planned sequence of events is not executed accurately

Accepted Answer

False

Question 2

When several datasets with reduced numbers of identifiers are combined, it may be possible to re-identify people using

Accepted Answer

data on rare disease diagnosis, geographical data (zip codes), demographic data (age, gender)

Question 3

Good intentions are necessary but not sufficient

Accepted Answer

True

Question 4

Which of the following is the basis for malpractice litigation in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

negligence theory

Question 5

Which of the following is an appropriate time to use health information? When it's clear that use of the systems ____.

Accepted Answer

all of these

Question 6

An error that occurs because the wrong action is taken is called what?

Accepted Answer

error of commission

Question 7

If quality of care meets prevailing standards, a practitioner should not be found liable in a malpractice case

Accepted Answer

True

Question 8

Which of the following are ethical issues that arise in ethics?

Accepted Answer

data security, representativeness of biomedical data used to create all-purpose solutions, privacy and confidentiality of biomedical data, appropriate selection and use of informatics software in clinics

Question 9

Which of the following ways can assess the value of computerized decision support systems?

Accepted Answer

determine whether clinicians perform better on tasks using the systems

Question 10

Pragmatic approach of privacy & confidentiality establishes safeguards that do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

decoupling data contained in records from unique patient identifiers, support the goals of improved public health & greater systemic efficiency, help to maintain ethical obligations to privacy & confidentiality, developing mechanisms for anonymizing information in individual records

Question 11

Which of the following are entitlements that a person does not need to ear, argue for or defend?

Accepted Answer

confidentiality, privacy

Question 12

Digitization always makes things better

Accepted Answer

False

Question 13

The system called Datafly maintained anonymity in medical records by doing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

all of these

Question 14

Standard of care for strict product liability is 100% perfection.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 15

Negligence theory allows the patients to sue a provider for not using a computerized decision support system if ____

Accepted Answer

all of these

Question 16

Redundancy provides multiple ways to detect or prevent adverse events or errors

Accepted Answer

True

Question 17

Which of the following is the most important consideration for developers, maintainers, and vendors of systems?

Accepted Answer

patient care

Question 18

Which is one of the ten criteria for system scrutiny?

Accepted Answer

how well have individuals been trained to use it?, will the systems have an impact on control in the organization?, is it cost effective?, what are the anticipated long-term effects on delivery of medical care?

Question 19

Clinical system purchasers should not be absolved from liability if harm occurs due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

inadequate customization/tailoring to unique environment, inadequate provision of resources for implementation, inappropriate use, inadequate training & education

Question 20

What are the two ethical considerations that arise in balancing two competing values?

Accepted Answer

free access to information, protection of patients' privacy and confidentiality

Question 21

Negligence theory does which of these

Accepted Answer

protects providers from being held responsible for all bad outcomes, allows for adverse outcomes even when care is delivered competently

Question 22

Clinical software that is physically distributed to others is called what?

Accepted Answer

a product

Question 23

Data anonymization can be difficult.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 24

Healthcare practitioners using clinical systems do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

rely on evaluators who validate these systems as appropriate for use, depend on developers, maintainers, and often vendors of these systems

Question 25

The vast amount of information produced in the course of clinical care

Accepted Answer

are most efficiently managed using computers, should be readily available to the appropriate healthcare professionals

Question 26

A hazard is related to a potential source of risk/unintended harm

Accepted Answer

True

Question 27

Privacy is applied to _______ & confidentiality is applied to _______.

Accepted Answer

people; information

Question 28

Which applies to advice-giving health-related software sold directly to patients?

Accepted Answer

no intervention by healthcare practitioners, likely to be treated as products, using strict product liability

Question 29

Which of the following offers conceptual tools to evaluate and guide moral decision making?

Accepted Answer

ethics

Question 30

Which of the following involve protective measures for reducing inappropriate access to health data?

Accepted Answer

encryption of transmitted or stored data, authenticate computer system users with passwords, tokens or biometrics, using access controls to prevent legitimate clinical system uses from acces, implement audit trails or logs of who accesses what

Question 31

Which of these is the primary purpose of strict product liability?

Accepted Answer

compensating the injured party, focusing not on punishing or deterring negligent individuals

Question 32

Adverse events may or may not lead to harms

Accepted Answer

True

Question 33

Harms is a measurable negative outcome of an adverse event.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 34

EHR vendors are not regulated in the same way as pharmaceutical companies or medical device vendors

Accepted Answer

True

Question 35

Protective measures for reducing inappropriate access to health data include HIPPA. HIPPA requires which of these?

Accepted Answer

appoint privacy & security officers, enact special policies to safeguard health information, train workers who have access to health information systems

Question 36

Contract language does which of the following?

Accepted Answer

requires system purchasers to agree to disclose software errors to vendor, require system purchasers to agree to disclose software errors to vendor, appears to put corporate interests ahead of patient safety, indemnify developers from injury or malpractice claims

Question 37

Which of the following is also included in how ethical issues arise?

Accepted Answer

legal and regulatory issues, evaluation, possibility of unintended harm

Question 38

Healthcare practitioners have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

all of these

Question 39

Strict product liability does which of the following?

Accepted Answer

applies to harm caused by defective products, does not apply to services

Question 40

Developers and vendors must do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

have timely updates, periodically test accuracy, & intend to prevent hacks, create safeguards for detecting, communicating, & rectifying faults, recognize potentially serious consequences of software errors & carelessnes, demonstrate that systems are trustworthy & reliable pripr to service

Question 41

Which of these is a means of balancing ethical goals with regards to use of health data for research?

Accepted Answer

IRB, medical record panels

Question 42

Computerized digital support systems can do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

can help to supplement human clinical jusgement, should not be used to disregard the expert's judgement, may not include full set of info or health context a care provider has

Question 43

which of the following is a means by which an organizational process is enacted?

Accepted Answer

event

Question 44

Inappropriate access to or exposure of clinical information may come from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

all of these

Question 45

People can suffer discrimination stigma or bias if their health data falls into the wrong hands.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 46

Software evaluation ensures that a clinical system works as intended.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 47

System defenses protect against which of these

Accepted Answer

hazards, adverse events, errors

Question 48

Clinical system vendors should not be absolved from liability if harm occurs due to

Accepted Answer

hard to detect errors, poor design or usability, system defects

Question 49

Error that occurs when an intended action is not carried out

Accepted Answer

error of omission

Question 50

Software that presents data or advice to healthcare practitioners is called what?

Accepted Answer

a service

Question 51

Ready availability can create opportunities for inappropriate access to or exposure of information.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 52

To what extent do effects depend on practice settings is one of the ten criteria for system scrutiny?

Accepted Answer

True

Question 53

Which is one of the ten criteria for system scrutiny?

Accepted Answer

does it produce the desired results?, does the system work as designed?, is it used as anticipated?, does it work better than the procedures it replaced?

Question 54

Adverse event that does not have a negative consequence because it did not affect a patient is termed what

Accepted Answer

near miss

Question 55

Which of the following directly tells us how not to behave?

Accepted Answer

laws

Question 56

Which of the following affects legal practices?

Accepted Answer

matters of definition, evolution of new circumstances, historical precedent, detectability & enforcement

Question 57

IRB & medical record panels help ensure that research involving health records is subjected to appropriate scrutiny

Accepted Answer

True

Question 58

Users of the majority of clinical systems should be which of the following?

Accepted Answer

qualified to address problems based on clinical experience, health professionals, qualified to address problems based on licensure, qualified to address problems based on experience

Question 59

In order for strict product liability to be met, which of the following must occur?

Accepted Answer

product must demonstrably be the cause of injury, product must be shown in court to be "unreasonably dangerous", product must be purchased & used by an individual, purchaser must suffer physical harm from a design or manufacturing defect

Question 60

Death of UK patient with oxygen cylinder is an example of which of these

Accepted Answer

error of omission

Question 61

Clinical system administrators must balance dual goals which are:

Accepted Answer

protecting confidentiality by restricting use of computer systems, help improve care by ensuring integrity & availability of relevant data

Informatics quiz 2 pt. 2

Questions 61

Informatics quiz 2 pt. 2

Questions 61