The superego is Freud's term for...

the moral component of personality

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...

you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression

Negative reinforcement involves...

the removal of an unpleasant stimulus

When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...

an avoidance-avoidance conflict

You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which

demonstrates an illusory correlation

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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 146

Answers

1
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
subliminal perception
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
a just noticeable difference
2
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
brightness
color
light purity
saturation
3
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recognition
relearning
recall
4
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a deceptive test
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
5
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
an external attribution
an internal attribution
a distinctive attribution
a situational attribution
6
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
gamma
alpha
beta
delta
7
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
8
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
9
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
group polarization
social loafing
conformity
deindividuation
10
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
psychotherapy
aversion therapy
avoidance therapy
systematic desensitization
11
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
latent learning
12
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
operant conditioning
punishment
classical conditioning
13
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a delusion
an obsession
a compulsion
a phobia
14
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
shaping
selection
stimulus discrimination
15
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
pseudoforgetting
retrograde amnesia
16
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
17
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
extinction
unconditioning
18
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
schema
chunk
script
semantic network
19
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
schematizing
cognitive structuring
cultural direction
stereotypes
20
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
brainstem
limbic system
cerebellum
21
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
serotonin
endorphin
acetylcholine
dopamine
22
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
23
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
cognition
intelligence
mentalism
24
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
postconventional
preconventional
conventional
25
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
mnemonic
morphemic
platonic
26
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
27
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
pseudoinsomnia
insomnia
28
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
tumor ligation
ESB
lesioning
29
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
oval window
stirrup
cochlea
temporal lobe
30
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
31
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
mechanical
spatial
musical
32
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
33
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an achievement test
an aptitude test
a personality test
an intelligence test
34
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
drive theory
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
35
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
aggressiveness
36
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
creativity
reasoning
intelligence
37
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
physical interaction
logical reasoning
systematic hypothesis testing
38
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
intelligence; standardized
intelligence; personality
39
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
efferent nerves
afferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves
40
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
genital
anal
latency
41
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
heroin
mescaline
marijuana
cocaine
42
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
attention
sensation
processing
43
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
antagonists
action potentials
agonists
44
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
print letters
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
sing a song
45
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
opiates
pathogens
prenatals
46
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become aggressive
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous wakefulness
remain in continuous sleep
47
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a contravened stereotype
a self-serving attribution
a heuristic observation
48
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
marital problems
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
anxiety disorders
49
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
representativeness
predictability
accuracy of inference
50
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
sequential
cross-sectional
longitundinal
time of testing
51
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
stage 1
REM
stage 4
52
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
reversibility
centration
conservation
53
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
wish fulfillment theory
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
54
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
constancy
closure
symmetry
55
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
smell buds
olfactory cilia
gustatory bulbs
sciatic receptors
56
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
initiative vs. guilt
57
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
58
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
law of small numbers
conjunction heuristic
availability heuristic
59
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
perception
hypnosis
sensation
consciousness
60
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
cultural practices
amount of time awake
61
What is cognitive dissonance?
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
62
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
63
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the correlational group
the experimental group
the control group
64
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
absolute
content
criterion-related
65
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
compensation
regression
displacement
fixation
66
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
corpus callosum
thalamus
parietal lobe
67
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
attributionism
functionalism
collectivism
individualism
68
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender differences
gender behaviors
gender roles
gender stereotypes
69
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
give cookie
I eated a cookie
cookie
i wanted a cookie
70
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
71
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
sensory memories
episodic memories
72
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial storage
complete retrieval failure
partial retrieval
complete storage failure
73
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
timbre
decibels
pitch
74
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
changes in testing procedures
75
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
boat-goat
tree-bird
car-nose
76
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
overextension
metalinguistic awareness
77
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
78
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
79
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
William James
80
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
post-conventional moral reasoning
development of secondary sex characteristics
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
formal operations
81
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
82
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
behaviorism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
functionalism
83
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
avoidance
repression
neurogenic amnesia
84
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
magnetic resonance imaging
positron emission tomography
computerized tomography
electrographic tomography
85
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
conscious experience
the brain
behavior
the unconscious
86
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
the reciprocity norm
87
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
88
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
investment differentiations
social scripts
display rules
parental investments
89
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
psychological instability
psychological stability
physiological instability
90
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
basis for performing pro-social behavior
halo effect in aggression
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
91
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
obedience
conformity
cognitive dissonance
groupthink
92
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
surprise
sadness
fear
93
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test scores
test norms
test scales
94
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
95
A perceptual set implies that...
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
96
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
avoidance learning
escape learning
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
97
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
crystallized
episodic
fluid
98
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
crowded living conditions
poor police protection
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
99
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
medulla
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
100
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
attitude is to action
behavior is to motive
101
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
location of injury
thalamus
cortex
102
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
103
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
medulla
cerebral cortex
104
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
endocrine system
reticular formation
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
105
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
content validity
criterion-related validity
standardized validity
106
What is somnambulism?
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
107
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
food/meat powder
tone
salivation
108
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
conversion disorder
109
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
secure-avoidant
attachment probing
shared inhibition
110
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
feeding
memory
the endocrine system
111
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
delusions
illusions
hallucinations
obsessions
112
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
behavioral
humanistic
cognitive
113
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
vitreous humor
lens
iris
114
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
115
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
116
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
physiological recordings
psychological tests
direct observation
117
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
sedatives
cannabis
narcotics
118
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a percentile score
a potential score
mental age
IQ
119
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
encoded
modeled
ablated
retrieved
120
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
121
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
sensory
long-term
short-term
122
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the gambler's fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
123
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
linguistic heuristics
morphemes
syntax
phonemes
124
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
anxiety
mood
personality
schizophrenic
125
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
loud noise
rabbit
rat
fear reaction
126
Framing refers to...
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
127
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
128
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
were put into a simulated prison
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
129
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not really been asleep
a headache
been dreaming
not been dreaming
130
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
change
conflict
pressure
frustration
131
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
132
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
133
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
134
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
135
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he's just like his father
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he always gets in fights
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
136
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
prejudices
self-serving bias
stereotypes
attributions
137
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
low in openness
138
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
percentiles
correlation coefficients
standard deviation
means
139
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pancreas
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
140
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
operant conditioning
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
141
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
id mechanisms
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
defense mechanisms
142
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
143
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
hearing a sound
144
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
midpoint
mode
median
mean
145
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
a narcotic
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
146
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
personality
attachment
temperament

Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud