stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Duplicate of OCR Gateway - Biology GCSE 2017 - B3 Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Duplicate of OCR Gateway - Biology GCSE 2017 - B3
Duplicate of OCR Gateway - Biology GCSE 2017 - B3
106 terms
·
StudBud Administration
GCSE Biology Higher/Separates B3 #Science
Flashcards
106 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
106
Answers
1
What is the third stage in meiosis?
You now have 4 new cells,all gentically different
The cell splits into 2 so each cell has 23 chromosomes=mixed
Each chromosome splits in 1/2+1 arm ends up in another cell
The pairs move to opposite poles of the cell
2
Which of these are types of gene therapy?
Changing the genes in the gametes-all offspring affectedbyit
Changing genes in body cells - those most affected by it
3
What does mitochondria do in a cell?
A gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen
It is where proteins are synthesised
Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes
Where most of the respiration reactions happen = energy
4
How does a high temperature affect an enzyme?
Can denature - when too hot
The bonds holding the enzyme can break - when too hot
Low collison rate
Increases the rate of reaction
5
What are the properties of arteries?
Permeable walls - Sunbstances can diffuse out+in
Strong and elastic - carry blood at high pressure
Thick walls-containsthick layers of muscle,compared to lumen
Thin walls - containsthin layers of muscle,compared to lumen
6
What is an enzymes function?
Are physically strong e.g. collagen
Carry messages around the body e.g. insulin
Transport smaller molecules e.g. haemoglobin carries oxygen
Are biological catalysts
7
What is a carrier molecules function?
Are physically strong e.g. collagen
Carry messages around the body e.g. insulin
Transport smaller molecules e.g. haemoglobin carries oxygen
Are biological catalysts
8
What is produced in anaerobic respiration (glucose = ? + energy)?
lacti acid
nitric acid
9
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Treins - Transport materials around the body
Arteries - Carry blood away from the heart
Veins - Carry blood to the heart
Capillaries-Involved inde exchange ofmaterials at the tissue
10
Which of these can cause mutations?
Certain chemicals e.g. mutagens and carcinogens
Ionising radiation e.g. X-rays and ultraviolet light
11
How can some mutations be beneficial/have no effect?
They could get a survival advantage from a new protein
No different protein can be produced that changes nothing
12
What are proteins made up of?
Chains of amino acids
Chains of amino alkalines
13
THINK FAST!!! When do humans have steady growth (The other answers are when growth stops)?
Childhood
Old Age - 65 to death
Maturity/Adulthood
14
What does ribosomes do in a cell?
Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes
It is where proteins are synthesised
A gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
15
What does the energy from respiration make?
APT
ATP
16
What are the properties of capillaries?
Really tiny+carry deblood closetocellsto exchange substances
Supply food and oxygen
Walls are usually one cell thick-increases rate of diffusion
Permeable walls - Substances can diffuse out + in
17
What are the pros of cloning animals?
Lack of genetic variation
Can mass-produce plants that are hard to grow
Can be fairly sure of the characteristics
If the plants suffer from a disease all get it-same genes
18
THINK FAST!!! What does the semilunar, bicuspid and tricuspid valve do?
Prevent backflow of blood
Forces backflow of blood
19
Why are people against stem cell research?
Embryosshouldn'tbeexperimentedoncus it's apotentialhumanlife
The embryos used are usually unwanted ones
Only being able to write 60 words spaces included is annoyin
20
THINK FAST!!! Which part of the baby grows at a greater rate than other parts?
The train
The brain
21
What specialised organ systems do you need when you are multicellular?
To supply cells with nutrients they need= circulatory system
To communicate between different systems = nervous system
Controls substance exchanges with environment=respiratory
22
What is the first stage in meiosis?
DNA replicates itself to form a double-armed chromosome
The pairs move to opposite poles of the cell
Chromosomes arrange into pairs
The cell splits into 2 so each cell has 23 chromosomes=mixed
23
What is selective breeding?
Plants/animals are selectifivally bred for the best features
Humans artificiallyselectplants/animals tobreedforwhatwewant
24
THINK FAST!!! Which base is paired with G
A
T
C
25
What is the 5th stage in mitosis?
Cell fibres pull them apart and they divide
The 2 chromsomes go to opposite poles(ends) of the cell
Membranes form around both of the chromosmes
The cytoplasm divides=2 new cells(are genetically identical)
26
What is the optimum temperature for human enzymes?
38°C
36°C
37°C
39°C
27
THINK FAST!!!!! What does every enzyme have?
Active site
Inactive site
28
What does a plant cell have that a animal cell doesn't?
Ribosome - where proteins are synthesised
Chloroplasts - where photosynthesis happens
Cell wall - made of cellulose and supports the cell
Vacuole - contains cell sap - a weak solution of sugar+salts
29
What is the third stage of genetic engineering?
Organism replicates = more have the desired gene
The gene that produces the wanted charactersitic is selected
The gene is cut from the DNA using enzymes and is isolated
The useful DNA is inserted into the DNA of another organism
30
THINK FAST!!! What is differentiation?
Process where a cell changes to become specialised 4 de job
Process where a cell changes to becomeunspecialised 4 de job
31
What is the 6th stage in mitosis?
Membranes form around both of the chromosmes
The 2 chromsomes go to opposite poles(ends) of the cell
Cell fibres pull them apart and they divide
The cytoplasm divides=2 new cells(are genetically identical)
32
What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?-glucose + oxygen= carbon dioxide + water
C6H1206 + 602 = 6C02 + 6H20 + energy
C6H1206 + 02 = C02 + H20 + energy
33
What is the first stage of genetic engineering?
The gene is cut from the DNA using enzymes and is isolated
The gene that produces the wanted charactersitic is selected
The useful DNA is inserted into the DNA of another organism
Organism replicates = more have the desired gene
34
What is the first step in animal cloning?
The cell is implanted into the uterus of a third animal
Different nucleus is added to the empty egg cell
Nucleus is removed from an egg cell
The cell is given an electric shock so it divides by mitosis
35
How and where are proteins made?
Made in the cytoplasm by ribosomes
Made in the ribosome by cytoplams
36
What did they use to help understand the structure of DNA?
Other data showing the bases occurred in pairs
X-ray data - shows its a single helix
X-ray data - shows its a double helix
Other data showing the bases occurred in alone
37
Why are mutations harmful?
In reproductive cells-offspring might develop adnormally/die
In body cells - Can multiply in an uncontrolled way - cancer
Can produce wrong/no proteins
Helps you join the X-men
38
What is an disadvantage of drying out the organism and weighing it for dry mass?
Have to kill the organism
Not affected by amount of water ina plant/animal
39
THINK FAST!!! When does rapid growth usually happen in a humans lifetime
Adolescence
Adulthood/Maturity
Infancy - First 2 years of your life
Childhood
40
Which is in the correct order?
amino acids = bases = protein
bases = amino acids = protein
41
What is the 1st stage in mitosis?
Cell fibres pull them apart and they divide
DNA in the cells is replicated
DNA coils into double-armed chromsomes-they are exact copies
Chromosmes line up at the centre of the cell
42
What does the first system in a double circulatory system contain?
Connects the heart to the rest of the body
Connects the heart to the lungs
Deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs to get oxygenated
Gives up its oxygen, which then returns to the heart
43
How do animals grow (the incorrect answer is how plants grow)?
Mainly due to cell enlargement(elongation)
By cell division
Celldivision plantgrowth-in the mersitems(tips,roots,shoots)
44
How can DNA replicate itself?
'Unzips',new nucleotoides join usingcomplementarybasepairing
'Unzips',new nucleotoides splitusingcomplementarybasepairing
45
What is the third step in animal cloning?
The cell is implanted into the uterus of a third animal
Different nucleus is added to the empty egg cell
The cell is given an electric shock so it divides by mitosis
Nucleus is removed from an egg cell
46
How is being multicellular beneficial?
Specialised organs=canbe specifically adapted to ther enviro
Cell differentiation - different types of cells for jobs
Bigger = travel further+few can eat/sqaush you
Have to have specialised organ systems
47
What does the right atrium of the heart receive (wrong answer for left atrium receives)
Oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary vein
Deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava
48
What are the properties of veins?
Valves to help keep blood flowing in the right direction
Walls are usually one cell thick-increases rate of diffusion
Have a big lumen-helps blood flow
Permeable walls - Substances can diffuse out + in
49
What does a bacteria cell not contain?
Chloroplasts
A true nucleus
Mitochondria
A cell membrane
50
What is a mutation?
A type of protein
A change in the DNA base sequence
51
What does the deoxygenated blood go through after the right atrium?
Tricuspidvalve,rightventricle,semilunarvalve,pulmonaryartery
Eventually to the lungs
Eventually to the body
Bicuspid valve,left ventricle,semilunar valve,aorta
52
Why is gene therapy with gametes controversial?
Could lead to the creation of 'designer babies'
Might create a new set of problems for all offspring
53
What is the main risk of genetic engineering?
Can produce organisms with new/useful features quickly
The inserted gne might have harmful effects
54
How are red blood cells adapted to transport oxygen from the lungs to everywhere else?
No nucleus=more space,flexible=pass through capillaries
Have nucleus=more space,flexible=pass through capillaries
Small + bioconcave shape=large surface are:volume ratio
Haemoglobin-combines with iron makes oxyhaemoglobin
55
What is DNA?
Single helix(single-stranded spiral),made up of nucleotides
Double helix(double-stranded spiral),made up of nucleotides
56
What is the job of the mRNA?
To copy the DNA from the ribosome + carry it to the nucleus
To copy the DNA from the nucleus + carry it to the ribosome
57
What is the fourth step in animal cloning?
The cell is given an electric shock so it divides by mitosis
The cell is implanted into the uterus of a third animal
Different nucleus is added to the empty egg cell
Nucleus is removed from an egg cell
58
What does cytoplasm do in a cell?
Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes
Where most of the respiration reactions happen = energy
A gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen
It is where proteins are synthesised
59
Whatare undifferentiatedcells dat candevelop in2 different cellsbased oninstructionsgivencalled
Stme cells
Had to remove spaces to fit in the whole question..sorry :(
Stem cells
60
Why do we use selective breeding?
Maximum yield of grain,meat etc.
Good health/disease resistance
Attractiveness, speed, temperament
61
What is the second stage of genetic engineering?
Organism replicates = more have the desired gene
The useful DNA is inserted into the DNA of another organism
The gene is cut from the DNA using enzymes and is isolated
The gene that produces the wanted charactersitic is selected
62
What does a nucleotide contain?
Basses
Bases
63
What is the optimum pH usually?
pH1
pH2
pH8
pH7
64
What does plasma carry around the body?
Red and white blood cells and carbon dioxide
Water and digested food products
Antibodies
Urea and hormones
65
What does a nucleus do in a cell?
It is where proteins are synthesised
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes
A gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen
66
What is the second step in animal cloning?
The cell is given an electric shock so it divides by mitosis
Different nucleus is added to the empty egg cell
Nucleus is removed from an egg cell
The cell is implanted into the uterus of a third animal
67
What is the fifth stage in meiosis?
You now have 4 new cells,all gentically different
Each chromosome splits in 1/2+1 arm ends up in another cell
The pairs move to opposite poles of the cell
The cell splits into 2 so each cell has 23 chromosomes=mixed
68
What is the third stage in cloning plants?
Removeseveraltissuesfromplant-best resultsfromroot/shoot tip
Growtissue ingrowthmedium in asepticconditionstostopmicrobes
Choose the plant you want to clone
As tissue grows shoots and roots - move to potting compost
69
THINK FAST!!! What is cloning?
Genetically unidentical organisms
Genetically identical organisms
70
What is the fourth stage in meiosis?
The pairs move to opposite poles of the cell
The cell splits into 2 so each cell has 23 chromosomes=mixed
Each chromosome splits in 1/2+1 arm ends up in another cell
You now have 4 new cells,all gentically different
71
What was the name of the scientists who discovered DNA?
James Crick and Francis Watson
Francis Crick and James Watson
72
What is it called when you extract stem cells from embryos to treat medical conditions?
Stem cell therapy
Stem cell research
73
What are the moral and ethical issues in genetic engineering?
Beleive it is wrong to alter animals for our benefit
Believe rich people mayuse itto decide kids characterisitics
74
What does a cell membrane do in a cell?
Contains DNA in the form of chromosomes
A gel-like substance where most chemical reactions happen
Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
It is where proteins are synthesised
75
What is an advantage of measuring the length/height of the plant/animal?
Easy to measure
Doesn't tell you about changes in width,diameter etc.
76
What is a hormones function?
Are physically strong e.g. collagen
Transport smaller molecules e.g. haemoglobin carries oxygen
Carry messages around the body e.g. insulin
Are biological catalysts
77
What is a structural protein function?
Carry messages around the body e.g. insulin
Are biological catalysts
Are physically strong e.g. collagen
Transport smaller molecules e.g. haemoglobin carries oxygen
78
THINK FAST!!! What are gametes(sex cells = eggs and sperm) formed by?
By the way gametes are haploids-help in next question
Meiosis
Mitosis
79
Which of these examples shows genetic engineering?
Tooka geneof beta-cartene fromcarrots,put itorice= vitaminA
Stop weeds from having resistance to disease,herbicides etc.
Gen for insulin production put into bacteria, then extracted
80
What is an disadvantage of weighing the plant/animal for their wet mass?
Wet mass is very changeable
Easy to measure
81
The main drawback of selective breeding is that it reduces the gene pool
False
True
82
Which of these are disadvantages of cloning?
Some evidence that cloned animals may not be as healthy
Cloning is anew science,so may have bad unknown consequences
Allows u 2 mass produceanimalswith desirable characteristics
Human embryos can be made this way for stem cell research
83
What is the final stage in meiosis?
Each chromosome splits in 1/2+1 arm ends up in another cell
The pairs move to opposite poles of the cell
You now have 4 new cells,all gentically different
The cell splits into 2 so each cell has 23 chromosomes=mixed
84
What is the second stage in cloning plants?
Removeseveraltissuesfromplant-best resultsfromroot/shoot tip
As tissue grows shoots and roots - move to potting compost
Choose the plant you want to clone
Growtissue ingrowthmedium in asepticconditionstostopmicrobes
85
What does ATP do in the human body?
Energy source for many cell processes
I've given you a lot of fast questions.So here is a freebee
Transports energy where it is needed
86
What are chromosomes?
Long molecules of coiled up DNA divided up into genes
Short molecules of coiled up DNA divided up into genes
87
What is the final stage in mitosis?
The cytoplasm divides=2 new cells(are genetically identical)
Cell fibres pull them apart and they divide
The 2 chromsomes go to opposite poles(ends) of the cell
Membranes form around both of the chromosmes
88
THINK FAST!!! Which of these affects enzyme-controlled respiration?
pH
Temperature
89
How do work out respiratory quotient?
Amount of CO2 produced/Amount of 02 used
RQ bigger than 1 = anaerobic respiration
Amount of O2 used/Amount of C02 produced
RQ is usually between 0.7 and for aerobic respiration
90
Why does the left ventricle have a thicker wall than the right ventricle?
Needs ore muscle to pump blood to the lungs
Needs more muslce to pump blood around the whole body
91
What is the 2nd stage in mitosis?
The 2 chromsomes go to opposite poles(ends) of the cell
DNA coils into double-armed chromsomes-they are exact copies
Cell fibres pull them apart and they divide
Chromosmes line up at the centre of the cell
92
THINK FAST!!! What does a haploid sperm and a haploid egg create?
Diploid zygote - A fertilised egg
Haploid zygote - A fertilised egg
93
Are these ethical issues of cloning?
Surrogate pregnancies-high chance of stillbirth/miscarriage
Psychological damage from knowledge of being just a clone
Mammal clones have often been unhealthy and prematurely die
94
What is aerobic respiration (the wrong answer is anaerobic respiration)?
Respiration that uses no oxygen at all
Respiration that uses plenty of oxygen
95
What is the 3rd stage in mitosis?
Cell fibres pull them apart and they divide
The 2 chromsomes go to opposite poles(ends) of the cell
Membranes form around both of the chromosmes
Chromosmes line up at the centre of the cell
96
How are sperm cells adapted to transport DNA to the egg?
Acrosomes-headfront-release enzymes-digestthrougheggmembrane
Sperm are small with long tails - So they can swim
Sperm are big with long tails - So they can swim
Have lots of mitochondria - Provide energy needed to swim
97
What is the first stage in cloning plants?
Growtissue ingrowthmedium in asepticconditionstostopmicrobes
Removeseveraltissuesfromplant-best resultsfromroot/shoot tip
As tissue grows shoots and roots - move to potting compost
Choose the plant you want to clone
98
What is the second stage in meiosis?
Chromosomes arrange into pairs
The cell splits into 2 so each cell has 23 chromosomes=mixed
The pairs move to opposite poles of the cell
Each chromosome splits in 1/2+1 arm ends up in another cell
99
What does the second system in a double circulatory system contain?
Deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs to get oxygenated
Connects the heart to the rest of the body
Gives up its oxygen, which then returns to the heart
Connects the heart to the lungs
100
What is the fourth stage in cloning plants?
As tissue grows shoots and roots - move to potting compost
Choose the plant you want to clone
Growtissue ingrowthmedium in asepticconditionstostopmicrobes
Removeseveraltissuesfromplant-best resultsfromroot/shoot tip
101
What is gene therapy?
Altering a persons genes to attempt to cure genetic diseases
Altering a persons genes to attempt to give genetic diseases
102
What does diploid mean (the incorrect answer is a haploid)?
Only have one copy of each chromosome
Have 2 copies of each chromosome in the nucleus
103
What is the 4th stage in mitosis?
The cytoplasm divides=2 new cells(are genetically identical)
Cell fibres pull them apart and they divide
The 2 chromsomes go to opposite poles(ends) of the cell
Membranes form around both of the chromosmes
104
What is mitosis?
A cell reproduces by splitting to form 2 identical offspring
A cell reproduces by splitting to form a identical offspring
105
What is the first stage of genetic engineering?
The gene that produces the wanted charactersitic is selected
The gene is cut from the DNA using enzymes and is isolated
The useful DNA is inserted into the DNA of another organism
Organism replicates = more have the desired gene
106
How do you work out Q
10
values (how the rate of reaction changes with temperature)?
rate atlower temp ÷ rate at higher temp
rate at higher temp ÷ rate at lower temp
