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AP Exam Review #1 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Exam Review #1
AP Exam Review #1
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
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Questions
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1
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
2
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
low in openness
3
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
attachment
personality
temperament
4
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Sperry's area
Broca's area
5
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
6
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mode
midpoint
mean
median
7
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Rene Decartes
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
8
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
avoidance therapy
psychotherapy
9
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
postconventional
concrete
conventional
10
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
predictive validity
standardized validity
content validity
11
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
12
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cognitive structuring
schematizing
cultural direction
stereotypes
13
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
pathogens
prenatals
opiates
teratogens
14
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a projective test
a deceptive test
a behavior rating
15
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
16
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
bottom-to-top processing
lateral processing
17
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
psychological tests
direct observation
physiological recordings
questionnaires
18
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
19
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
efferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
autonomic nerves
20
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
21
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
collectivism
functionalism
individualism
attributionism
22
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
insight learning
latent learning
23
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
sensory memory
24
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
thalamus
cortex
location of injury
spinal cord
25
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
saturation
light purity
color
brightness
26
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
semantic network
schema
chunk
27
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
neurogenic amnesia
avoidance
repression
suppression
28
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
29
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
job discrimination experienced by the residents
the personal qualities of the residents
crowded living conditions
poor police protection
30
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
sedatives
alcohol
narcotics
cannabis
31
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the experimental group
the control group
the observational group
the correlational group
32
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
delusions
obsessions
illusions
hallucinations
33
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender behaviors
gender differences
gender stereotypes
34
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
35
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
give cookie
cookie
36
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
37
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
positive reinforcement
observational learning
superstitious behavior
38
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
NREM 3
REM
NREM 1
NREM 2
39
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
40
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
41
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
become fearful/cautious
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
42
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a clinical psychologist
43
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
systematic hypothesis testing
abstract operations
logical reasoning
physical interaction
44
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
fluid
episodic
crystallized
45
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
oval window
stirrup
cochlea
46
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
iris
vitreous humor
cornea
lens
47
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test norms
test scores
test levels
test scales
48
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
anal
latency
oral
49
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
50
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
the law of cognitive dissonance
the principle of collectivism
display rules
51
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
sensory
intermediate-term
long-term
52
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
53
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
54
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
wish fulfillment theory
activation-synthesis theory
None of the Above
problem-solving theory
55
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
56
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
the endocrine system
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
