The preoperational stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development begins when a child is able to

form mental representations of objects and events

The "self" is largely a part of our conscious personality. Self identity is:

often determined by the social role we hold in society eg cultural roles

What are the three patterns of attachment for an infant/toddler in observation of strange situtations

Secure attachment, anxious-resistant attachment, anxious avoidant attachmen

What did the Strange Situation Classification (SSC) investigate?

how attachments might vary between children

Which of the following is considered to be an example of changes in a child's cognitive domain?

Learning to first communicate, and later to read.

Which of the following infant reflexes are considered to be "survival" reflexes?

breathing reflex, sucking reflex, and swallowing reflex.

Denial often occurs when individuals face an unexpected and difficult reality, sudden loss or shock. This response is

a defence or coping mechanism, and a form of unconscious coping.

All of the following help to maintain good cognitive functioning in later life except

limiting the need to adapt to new circumstances

Which of the following factors need to be considered as part of a thorough ante-natal assessment? A nurse/midwife should

first/subsequent pregnancy, obstetric history, and use of substances

Schemes (or schemas) in Piaget's theory are

Groupings of thoughts, actions, ideas and representations

starts before birth and continues throughout life

Stranger anxiety typically occurs at what age?

between six and nine months of age

What is the main difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?

Negative reinforcement strengthens behaviour, whereas punishment suppresse

The term "gestation" is used to

length of a pregnancy from the first day of the last menstrual period

Which of the following statements about self-concept is true?

Begins in infancy w/ self recognition/knowing they are seperate from others

What can reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

Put the child on their back to sleep and keep her face uncovered.

Which of the following statements best describes a theory?

A theory is open to scientific observation.

Negative reinforcement

increases the likelihood a behaviour, whether desirable or undesirable

Which of the following describes the Babinski reflex?

When the sole of the foot is stroked, the toes fan and curl.

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

getting goose bumps when hearing music in a horror movie

Which of the following is considered a stage theory?

Erikson's psychosocial theory of development

The Behaviourist (or learning) model of human development claims that

all behaviour is learnt and shaped by the environment.

One major reason for communication difficulties that sometimes occur between people of different cultures is that

diversity of behavioural expression, therefore misunderstandings can occur

Which of the following toddlers is engaging in a gross motor skill?

Edward, who is crawling up the stairs on all fours.

According to Piaget, a child in the pre-operational stage of child development would be able to

Use language to convey their wishes

A non-normative event?

may occur at any stage of the lifespan

The term "attachment" in child development means:

the strong affectional tie between a child and its caregiver

What is an example of a non-normative event or circumstance?

may differ from the experiences of the majority of people in any life stage

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Human Relationships & Life Transition

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UWS Bachelor of Nursing 2019 Weekly Revision Quizzes

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Questions 79

Answers

1
Alcohol consumption is contraindicated in pregnancy. This is an example of:
length of a pregnancy from the first day of the last menstrual period
the strong affectional tie between a child and its caregiver
interact with others
a teratogen
2
The preoperational stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development begins when a child is able to
group objects into logical categories, taking many factors into account
form mental representations of objects and events
tell that 2 things have the same amount , even though they look different
apply specific logical operations to answer questions correctly
3
True or False: Children begin to construct their sense of self in infancy with ideas based on large social categories
False
True
4
The "self" is largely a part of our conscious personality. Self identity is:
often determined by the social role we hold in society eg cultural roles
determined by our age and first name
a cognitive structure that can include content (social roles) or attitude
determined by cultural identity only
5
A normative event of young adulthood would usually be which of the following?
learning difficult mathematical concepts
compulsive hoarding
career consolidation
teenage pregnancy
6
In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, the 2 processes that together control how a child deals with new experienc
assimilation and accommodation
sense of self and cognition
perception and accommodation
anticipation and orientation
7
What are the three patterns of attachment for an infant/toddler in observation of strange situtations
Secure attachment, insecure attachment, anxious attachment
Secure attachment, anxious-resistant attachment, anxious avoidant attachmen
Secure attachment, attached and detached attachment
Insecure, attached and detached attachment
8
What did the Strange Situation Classification (SSC) investigate?
how attachments might vary between children
how attachments vary in the lifespan
9
Are infants capable of self-recognition and self-awareness?
No
Yes
10
Which of the following is considered to be an example of changes in a child's cognitive domain?
Experiencing a growth spurt in childhood.
Making friends at school.
An increase in fertility during adolescence.
Learning to first communicate, and later to read.
11
Which of the following infant reflexes are considered to be "survival" reflexes?
moro reflex, yawning reflex and tonic head reflex
pupillary reflex, eyeblink reflex and stepping reflex
breathing reflex, sucking reflex, and swallowing reflex.
sucking reflex, babinski reflex and grasping reflex.
12
What factor is most important in the development of expertise?
Creativity
Gender
Age
Experience
13
Denial often occurs when individuals face an unexpected and difficult reality, sudden loss or shock. This response is
a defence or coping mechanism, and a form of conscious coping.
a defence or coping mechanism, and a form of unconscious coping.
an abnormal response to change.
a super mechanism
14
A young child believes that "all furry four-legged animals" are dogs. This is an example of
Object Permanence
Adaptation
Assimilation
Accomodation
15
The stage of labor in which the mother pushes and which culminates in the birth of a baby is:
The phase of "transition" in the birthing process
The first stage of labor
The third stage of labor
The second stage of labor
16
Infertility is the term used to explain the inability to conceive after how many months of unprotected intercourse?
12 months
Ten years
6 months
Five years
17
All of the following help to maintain good cognitive functioning in later life except
limiting the need to adapt to new circumstances
living in favourable circumstances
absence of cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases
personal satisfaction with one's accomplishments
18
Bill lifts his head before he crawls. What principle of physical development is Bill demonstrating?
the gross motor principle
the proxomodistal principle
the cephalocaudal principle
the caudocephalic principle
19
Processed & rawmeats, soft cheeses and cold chicken should be avoided in pregnancy to prevent contracting which bacteria
malaria
toxoplasmosis
listeria
teratogeniosis
20
Which psychologist devised an assessment technique called the Strange Situation Classification (SSC)
Mary Ainsworth
John Bowlby
Erik Erikson
Sigmund Freud
21
Which of the following factors need to be considered as part of a thorough ante-natal assessment? A nurse/midwife should
assess foetal heartbeat only
first/subsequent pregnancy, obstetric history, and use of substances
The nurse/midwife should assess obstetric history only.
assess if the mother has had an amniocentesis if she is over 35.
22
Schemes (or schemas) in Piaget's theory are
early reflexes
strategies of reinforcement
Groupings of thoughts, actions, ideas and representations
assimilation and accommodation
23
Human Development is
is formed before self-concept
starts before birth and continues throughout life
the processes for exploring human continuity and change.
refer to physical, cognitive and psychosocial development.
24
At approximately what age can an infant roll from stomach to back or side, pull up with assistance, and sit with assista
0 to three months
over 12 months
three to six months
nine to twelve months
25
Stranger anxiety typically occurs at what age?
at birth.
over twelve months.
between three and six months of age.
between six and nine months of age
26
What is the main difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?
Punishment has physical consequences, whereas negative reinforcement doesn'
There is no difference between these two concepts
Negative reinforcement always adds a stimulus, whereas punishment takesaway
Negative reinforcement strengthens behaviour, whereas punishment suppresse
27
By the second year of life a securely attached child will have developed a basic sense of
identity
autonomy and guilt
industry and inferiority
trust versus mistrust
28
The term "gestation" is used to
interact with others
length of a pregnancy from the first day of the last menstrual period
a teratogen
the strong affectional tie between a child and its caregiver
29
Which of the following statements about self-concept is true?
Self concept develops in adolescence as children gain more independence
Begins in infancy w/ self recognition/knowing they are seperate from others
Begins at birth with the infant recognising familiar sights and smells
Self concept begins in childhood through self-awareness and play
30
‘Social behaviour’ refers to the ways in which we:
length of a pregnancy from the first day of the last menstrual period
the strong affectional tie between a child and its caregiver
a teratogen
interact with others
31
What can reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
Wrap the child up in a couple blankets (even in summer)
Make sure the door is open so you can hear the child breathing
Put the child on their back to sleep and keep her face uncovered.
Let the child sleep with you
32
"Who am I?" becomes a critical question in adolescence. Erikson suggested this was resolved in the developmental stage:
autonomy v shame and doubt
trust v mistrust
identity v role confusion
industry v inferiority
33
Which of the following statements best describes a theory?
A theory explains a formulated set of rules
A theory is open to scientific observation.
A theory is closed to scientific observation
A theory is usually someone's expert opinion.
34
The approximate age at which women undergo menopause is 45 years.
False
True
35
Negative reinforcement
decreases the likelihood a behaviour, whether desirable or undesirable
is the same as punishment
increases the likelihood a behaviour, whether desirable or undesirable
makes no difference to the likelihood a behaviour
36
The debate about to what extent are we shaped by our genetic makeup and to what extent are we shaped by our environmenta
the nature-nature debate
the nature-aspire debate
the novice nature debate
the nature-nurture debate
37
Personal Identity
is formed before self-concept
refer to physical, cognitive and psychosocial development.
the processes for exploring human continuity and change.
starts before birth and continues throughout life
38
Erikson's psychocial theory and Vaillant's stages of adult coping are both normative-crisis theories.
False
True
39
Eriksons Stages: generativity versus stagnation
crisis of young adulthood
crisis of middle age
Crsis of adolences
crisis of early childhood
40
Which of the following describes the Babinski reflex?
When the cheek is stroked, the infant turns in that direction
When there's a loud noise, the infant has a startle response.
When held upright, the infant lifts its leg in a stepping motion.
When the sole of the foot is stroked, the toes fan and curl.
41
Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?
waking up when an alarm goes off
moving your hand away after touching a hot stove
getting goose bumps when hearing music in a horror movie
salivating while sucking a sour lolly
42
Which of the following is considered a stage theory?
Bronfenbenner's socio-cultural model of development
Erikson's psychosocial theory of development
the domains of physical, cognitive and psychosocial development
the concept of lifelong growth
43
The Behaviourist (or learning) model of human development claims that
all behaviour is biologically determined.
all behaviour is learnt and shaped by the environment.
all behaviour is a combination of unconscious processes
all behaviour is based on unconscious processes.
44
One major reason for communication difficulties that sometimes occur between people of different cultures is that
people from different parts of the world have different levels of self-este
most people are intentionally rude to people from other cultures
diversity of behavioural expression, therefore misunderstandings can occur
people from different cultures have very little in common socially
45
Which of the following toddlers is engaging in a gross motor skill?
Cat, who is on the rug and methodically picking up every piece of lint
Stuart, who is licking the melting ice cream off the sides of a cone.
Edward, who is crawling up the stairs on all fours.
Erica, who is looking at a popup book and laughing uproariously.
46
According to Piaget, a child in the pre-operational stage of child development would be able to
Multiply and divide
Think in an abstract way
Conserve mass and liquids
Use language to convey their wishes
47
A non-normative event?
only occurs in adulthood
may occur at any stage of the lifespan
only occurs in older age
only occurs in childhood
48
The idea that objects continue to exist even when they are hidden from view which develops in the sensorimotor stage is
peek-a-boo
Object Permanence
Symbolic Play
Object Relevance
49
The term "attachment" in child development means:
interact with others
a teratogen
length of a pregnancy from the first day of the last menstrual period
the strong affectional tie between a child and its caregiver
50
What is an example of a non-normative event or circumstance?
something that does not differ from any other normative event
may differ from the experiences of the majority of people in any life stage
may differ from the experience of the minority of people in any life stage
does not differ from experiences of other people in other life stages
51
The idea that objects continue to exist even when they are hidden from view which develops in the sensorimotor stage is
symbolic play
object permanence
object relevance
peek-a-boo
52
At the macrosystem level of Bronfenbrenner's approach, one might examine
social and cultural beliefs and practices of a society
Sibling relationships
mother-infant bonding
parent-teacher relationships
53
Negative thoughts about the self can lead to
no known risk of health problems
health problems in the cognitive areas only
mental illness
an increased risk of health problems
54
Erikson's theory emphasises the importance which sort of development across the life span?
Emotional
Cognitive
Physical
Psychosocial
55
Which of the following is an example of task-based coping?
crying
problem-solving the situation and coming up with some specific options
writing an essay
listening
56
Eriksons Stages: Identity versus role confusion
Crsis of adolences
crisis of middle age
crisis of early childhood
crisis of young adulthood
57
A pre-term or premature infant is one born before which gestational period?
an infant born before 38 weeks
infant born before 28 weeks
infant born before 25 weeks
an infant born before 37 weeks
58
According to Erikson, the crisis faced by school-aged children (6-12 years) is:
initiative versus guilt
industry versus inferiority
trust versus mistrust
industry versus guilt
59
In terms of he relationship between identity and intimacy, Erikson believed that:
either identity or intimacy could be developed first.
intimacy had to be developed before establishing identity.
they typically developed simultaneously
identity had to be developed before establishing intimacy.
60
A early sign of cognitive development in infancy (between 0 and 1 years) includes which of the following?
reading
searching for lost objects
pretend (or symbolic) play
problem solving
61
Erikson's first developmental stage occurs during the first year of life where others must satisfy a baby's needs.
trust versus mistrust
autonomy versus shame and doubt
breastfeeding for the first 12 months
autonomy versus guilt
62
True of False: Our self-identity often includes social group memberships which can define who we are.
False
True
63
According to Piaget, in which of the following stages do children use symbolic thinking to understand the world?
concrete operational (7-11 yrs)
sensorimotor (birth-2 yrs)
Preoperational (2-6 yrs)
formal operational (12+ years)
64
Eriksons Stages: initiative versus guilt
crisis of young adulthood
crisis of middle age
Crsis of adolences
crisis of early childhood
65
The micro level in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory would include which of the following?
The society's belief that social media is here is stay
The parental relationship
A judge who grants a request for a child to be placed in foster care
A social worker who works with children in custody matters
66
Eriksons Stages: intimacy versus isolation
crisis of early childhood
crisis of young adulthood
Crsis of adolences
crisis of middle age
67
Self Concept consists of:
what others think about us
our social position only
what we think of ourselves only
social roles, individual attitudes, and others self-evaluation
68
A parental childrearing style exerts a high degree of control but is also responsive to the child's thoughts & feelings
Univolved
Permissive
Authoriatative
Authoritarian
69
It is recommended that pregnant women avoid consumption of alcohol. What is a safe level of alcohol consumption?
After pregnancy is confirmed by a pregnancy test
No alcohol to be consumed from several weeks before conception is planned
A safe level of alcohol consumption depends on the individual women
One or two glasses of low alcohol wine only is permitted each week
70
Domains of developmental growth?
is formed before self-concept
refer to physical, cognitive and psychosocial development.
starts before birth and continues throughout life
the process for exploring human continuity and change
71
To prevent supine, hypotensive syndrome in the 2nd/3rd trimester of pregnancy, a woman should be encouraged to lie
the prone position
the lateral recumbent position
the upright position
the supine position
72
As one ages, crystallised intelligence is likely to___________________, while fluid intelligence tends to ______________
decrease after adolescence; increase.
decrease; remain the same.
increase until age forty and then decrease; increase.
remain stable; decrease.
73
The process a child uses to modify existing knowledge structures (schemas) as a result of exposure to new information
Accomodation
Compensation
Assimilation
Schema Building
74
An Apgar score given to a newborn at birth assesses which is the following?
heart rate, efforts to breathe, muscle tone, skin colour and reflex irritab
heart rate, efforts to breathe, muscle tone
heart rate, efforts to breathe, muscle tone, skin colour and moro reflex
heart rate and muscle tone
75
The first two weeks of pre-natal development following conception is referred to as the
teratenogenic phase
viral phase
germinal phase
embryonic phase
76
Which of the following is an example of emotion-based coping?
crying
seeking a second specialist opinion on a health issue.
writing a letter of complaint to request refund for an item broken
resigning from an organisation because they endorse animal testing.
77
Operant conditioning is based on a simple principle of
modelling
reinforcement
re-engagement
imitation
78
According to Bowlby, infants form specific, clear-cut attachments to specific people at which of the following ages?
7 - 24 months old
over three years old
2 - 7 months old
birth to 2 months old
79
Infant attachment is the beginning of a process of which sort of development?
Sociocultural
Physical
Moral
Social, or Psychosocial

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