The belief that crime and disorder can be prevented by reducing opportunities is attributed to which Crime Theory?

Situational Crime Prevention Theory

John commits Sodomy II with a 13 yr old female. What could lead to the charge becoming Sodomy I

She was drugged and unconscious, The victim is his step daughter, John used physical force in commiting sodomy

The culture of a society resembles an iceberg in that:

Only a small portion of the culture can be observed on the surface

Which of the following are reasons the Analysis step in SARA often gets skipped?

Reluctance to change old ways of solving problems, Pressure of responding to calls does not allow time for research, The research required is not considered "real police work", Nature of the problem falsely appears obvious at first glance

Reducing crime by reducing opportunities is often met with what objection?

All it does is move crime around, not prevent it

What are some strategies for building police legitimacy?

Assigning foot patrol officers, Grants for Community Policing activities

Which of the following are part of the 6 tools of discrimination?

dehumanize, intimidate, scapegoat, segregate, Appropriate, exclude

Acknowledges the layers of cultural identity, Assumes problem is lack of knowledge, awareness, skill to work across lines

Which of the following are "Individual Factors" that can lead to unethical decision making?

Emotional States and Officer Wellness/Resiliency, Fear of Mistakes, Overconfidence, Loyalty, Moral Licensing, Sensation Seeking

What are some components of the Assessment phase of SARA

Conducting ongoing assessment of the plan results, Determine if plan goals/objectives were met, Determine if the plan was implemented, Identify any components of the plan that should be altered

"Community Policing" model consists of:

Low Focus, Great Diversity in Approach

The "Standard Model" of policing consists of:

Low Focus, Little Diversity in Approach

High school V-ball coach persuades freshman player to touch his genitals by offering her starting position. What crimes?

Sexual Abuse in the 2nd degree, Coercion

What are some of the components of the "response" phase of SARA?

Executing the designed plan, Determining objectives for the plan, Outlining a plan, Looking at what other communities have done to address the problem

People may find talking about diversity to be uncomfortable because:

They are afraid of saying the wrong thing., They are afraid they may not know something they think they should.

Which of the following are valuable tools/methods for problem solving?

Research, Learning from other communities attempts to solve the same problem., Officer Discretion.

Which of the following are elements of Proactive Policing?

Target patrols, Research dictating police activity

Prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control.

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Quiz 3

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Answers

1
The belief that crime and disorder can be prevented by reducing opportunities is attributed to which Crime Theory?
Broken Windows Theory
Opportunistic Criminal Theory
Situational Crime Prevention Theory
Window of Opportunity Elimination Theory
2
Hot spot policing assumes reducing crime in high crime areas results in residual reduction in crimes in surrounding area
True
False
3
John commits Sodomy II with a 13 yr old female. What could lead to the charge becoming Sodomy I
She was drugged and unconscious
The victim is his step daughter
John used physical force in commiting sodomy
She was his sister-in-law
4
The culture of a society resembles an iceberg in that:
is fluid and changes with the environment
Only a small portion of the culture can be observed on the surface
Can fracture under certain pressures
Is fragile in modern times
5
Resistance exists wherever discrimination exists.
True
False
6
Situational Crime Prevention is based on a "problem" consisting of these 3 components:
Suspect
Place
Conflict
Target/Victim
Offender
Opportunity
7
Which of the following are reasons the Analysis step in SARA often gets skipped?
Reluctance to change old ways of solving problems
Pressure of responding to calls does not allow time for research
The research required is not considered "real police work"
Nature of the problem falsely appears obvious at first glance
8
Reducing crime by reducing opportunities is often met with what objection?
Reducing opportunity is often expensive
It reduces but doesn't eliminate crime
Not all factors of an opportunity can be controlled.
All it does is move crime around, not prevent it
9
What are some strategies for building police legitimacy?
Assigning foot patrol officers
Increasing patrols of high crime areas
Grants for Community Policing activities
Providing incentives for officers achieving target arrests numbers
10
Which of the following are part of the 6 tools of discrimination?
Incarcerate, criticize
contain, belittle
exile, eliminate
dehumanize, intimidate
scapegoat, segregate
Appropriate, exclude
11
Who developed the concept of "problem oriented policing"?
Herman Goldstein
August Vollmer
Lawrence Sherman
Robert Peele
12
J and K blow up mailbox. Owner shoots at them. J shoots, kills owner. K did not know J had gun. K committed Murder 2.
False
True
13
Cultural Competence:
Requires recognition of power imbalances that exist in society.
Acknowledges the layers of cultural identity
says in order to understand individual, must also understand ourselves
Assumes problem is lack of knowledge, awareness, skill to work across lines
14
____ is "criminal homicide"
Criminally negligent homicide
Manslaughter I
All of the above
Murder
15
Which of the following are "Individual Factors" that can lead to unethical decision making?
Emotional States and Officer Wellness/Resiliency
Fear of Mistakes
Overconfidence
Loyalty
Moral Licensing
Sensation Seeking
16
Economic development, stable housing, govt finance, and govt services all suffer when citizenry do not feel ______?
Succesfull
Heard
Valued
Safe
17
What are some components of the Assessment phase of SARA
Determining what resources are available to dedicate to the problem
Conducting ongoing assessment of the plan results
Determine if plan goals/objectives were met
Researching the problem
Determine if the plan was implemented
Identify any components of the plan that should be altered
18
An officer guns down a compliant and unarmed known child molester. This is an example of?
Justified deviation
Selective Morality
Ethical violation
Noble Cause Corruption
19
"Problem Solving" is a component of "Problem Oriented Policing".
False
True
20
Utilitarian Ethics can lead to Noble Cause Corruption.
False
True
21
In ______, a "problem" is the basic unit of police work.
Ineffective Policing
Reactive Policing
Law Enforcement
Problem Solving Policing
22
Diversity is differences in culture, abilities, ideas, philosophies, background, and histories among individuals
False
True
23
Fundamental Attribution Error is a "thinking error" associated with which personality trait?
Moral Licensing
Loyalty
Fear of Mistakes
Overconfidence
24
Inability to distinguish between Immigration Enforcement and Police can be a barrier between LE and diverse communities.
False
True
25
John drives 100 mph. 12 yr old in the car. Crashes into another car, killing kid. John exits, kills other driver. Crime?
2) Murder II
1) Murder I
4) Manslaughter I
3) Manslaughter II
1 and 4
2 and 3
26
"Community Policing" model consists of:
High Focus
Low Diversity in approach
Low Focus
Great Diversity in Approach
27
Environmental criminologists believe opportunity determines "when/where" crime occurs, not whether or not crime occurs.
False
True
28
Reducing crime in a neighborhood by assigning foot patrol, improve street lighting, meet with neighborhood watch. Ex of?
Problem Oriented Policing
Standard Model
Community Policing
Focused Policing
29
The "Standard Model" of policing consists of:
High Focus
Great Diversity in Approach
Low Focus
Little Diversity in Approach
30
Dividing people into groups based on various set of physical traits, usually the result of genetic ancestry, is:
Heritage
Race
Culture
Ethnicity
31
Putting speed bumps in place is an example of what technique to reduce opportunity?
Deny Benefit
Set rules
Utilizing Place Managers
Control access to facilities
32
High school V-ball coach persuades freshman player to touch his genitals by offering her starting position. What crimes?
Sexual Abuse in the 2nd degree
Sexual Abuse in 3rd degree
Sexual Misconduct
Coercion
33
What are some of the components of the "response" phase of SARA?
Executing the designed plan
Conducting research on the problem
Reviewing the results of the plan
Determining objectives for the plan
Outlining a plan
Looking at what other communities have done to address the problem
34
The SARA process must be conducted in order to be effective.
False
True
35
In order to effect crime, police strategies must include which two elements?
Manpower
Support
Diversity in Approach
Coordination
Focus
Effort
36
People may find talking about diversity to be uncomfortable because:
they are racist.
They are afraid of saying the wrong thing.
diversity is bad.
They are afraid they may not know something they think they should.
37
Effectively addressing problems means that you fix them quickly.
False
True
38
"Quantifying the job" can be an Organizational Environment factor that NEGATIVELY impacts ethical decision making.
True
False
39
Which of the following are valuable tools/methods for problem solving?
Research
Learning from other communities attempts to solve the same problem.
Response times
Officer Discretion.
40
John catches wife cheating with Bob. John creates plan to kill Bob and get away with it. Kills him month later. Crime?
Manslaughter 1
Murder I
Aggravated Murder
Murder II
41
Active bystandership means speaking up or intervening when you see unethical behavior.
False
True
42
Which phase of SARA is commonly skipped due to pressure to solve a problem immediately?
Assessment
Respond
Analyze
Scan
43
Which of the following are elements of Proactive Policing?
Emphasis on solving crimes
Target patrols
Research dictating police activity
Routine and unstructured patrols
44
Community policing incorporates community partnerships and collaboration into the problem oriented policing process.
True
False
45
"The lady who is deaf" is an example of:
Person First Language
First Person Perspective
Being insensitive
Labeling
46
Person in apartment is cleaning his gun. Gun goes off. Bullet goes through the wall, kills 10 yr old next door. Crime?
Assault I
Manslaughter II
Criminally negligent homicide
Manslaughter I
47
Deciding whether or not an action is right or wrong based on the cumulative effect/consequences. This is:
Utilitarian Ethics
Circumstantial Ethics
Totality Ethics
Absolute Ethics
48
Oppression is ___
discrimination
the favoring of one group over another.
Prolonged cruel or unjust treatment or control.
attitude toward groups and their members that leads to a heirarchal status
49
Taking measures to make sure a "Guardian" is always present and able, is an example of:
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
Situational Crime Prevention
Standard Model Policing
Hot Spot Policing
50
Bandwagon Bias is a "thinking error" associated with which "situational factor"
Loyalty
Organizational Environment
Social Proof
Herd mentality
51
Behavior that creates, maintains, or reinforces advantages for some groups over others is___
Prejudice
Stereotype
Discrimination
Oppression
52
Strong ethical guidelines, discipline for ethics violations, reporting systems, ethics training, help combat what?
Legitimacy
Noble Cause Corruption
insubordination
Internal Affairs
53
A parent is an example of:
Handler and Guardian
Handler
Manager
Guardian
54
Examples of risky facilities would be:
court house
public housing projects
convenience stores
Taverns
55
Which of the following is the ideal way to reference a female with Schizophrenia?
The woman who has schizophrenia.
The lady who suffers from schizophrenia.
The schizophrenic
The mentally ill woman.
56
What are the 3 sides of the crime triangle?
Crime Prevention
Offenders
Victims
Crime Location
Law Enforcement
Crime motives
57
Most officers that have their certification revoked for ethics violations, were unethical from the very start.
True
False
58
Which pillars address the importance of the Police role in crime prevention?
Officer Wellness and Safety
Community Policing and Crime Reduction
Technology and social media
Building trust and legitimacy
Training and education
Policy and oversight
59
Which of the following may guide System 1 decision making?
Deontological Ethics
Rules
Greater Good
Obligations
Utilitarian Ethics
Duty
60
Tall, dense shrubbery enclosing a residence addresses all 3 components of CPTED.
False
True
61
Deontological Ethics are a black and white, right or wrong without regard to consequences.
True
False
62
Dual Process Thinking refers to:
Weighing the pros and cons before making a decision.
System 1 and System 2 thought processes.
The ability to think while taking simultaneously taking physical action.
The belief that things are either Right or Wrong.
63
Problem solving policing and problem-oriented policing are the same thing.
False
True
64
Evidence indicated random patrol, rapid response, follow up investigations, and arrests do not have an impact on crime.
True
False
65
Living in a hostile environment and refusing to retreat, are examples of what "tool of resistance"
Create
Reform
Protest
Persist
66
Ethics and integrity are the same thing.
True
False
67
________ are problem solving models.
SARA
CAPRA
CARA
LEAPS
68
Cultural Humility is more about SELF reflection than it is about being knowledgeable about a culture.
True
False
69
The point of the cultural iceberg is to remind us that we can not judge a culture purely based on what can be seen.
False
True
70
A 3 yr old refuses to follow mother into the apartment after getting out of the car. She leaves him for 45 min. Crimes?
Abandonment of Child
Child Neglect II
Failing to supervise a child
Endangering Welfare of a Minor
71
Working with faith-based communities can be a useful means of collaborating with diverse communities.
True
False
72
Examples of Crime Displacement are:
changing the method of the crime (tactical)
changing targets of a crime (target)
changing time of crime (temporal)
changing crime location (geographical)
changing the type of crime (crime type)
changing to non criminal means (elimination)
73
Police targeting minor transgressions may prevent more serious crimes from developing is part of which Theory on Crime?
Routine Activity Theory
Situational Crime Prevention Theory
Preventative Maintenance Theory
Broken Windows Theory
74
The "scanning" phase of SARA is about:
Identifying problems
Observing the effects of the response to the problem
Looking for solutions
Researching how other departments have solved the problem
75
Manager, Handler, and Guardian are called ________. (outer triangle of the "problem triangle")
Safe Guards
Barriers
Controllers
Deterrents
76
There is a strong temptation to formulate a "response" before the "analysis" is fully completed.
False
True
77
CPTED stands for Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design
True
False
78
How many sides of the crime triangle should creative solutions address?
1
All of the above
all 3
At least 2
79
Flashbacks, trembling, memory gaps, fear, and anger are all symptoms of Trauma.
True
False
80
The "analysis" phase of SARA includes:
Looking for problems in the community
Executing plan to address the problem
Understanding the dynamics of the problem
Determine factors that precede the problem
Determining resources that can assist in understanding the problem
Researching what is known about the problem type.
81
Officers have a "duty to intervene" on behalf of a citizen whose rights are being violated, or face legal consequences.
True
False
82
Delivering police services in a way that will not cause re-traumatization is called___
Socially Aware Policing
Trauma-informed policing
Socially responsible policing
Empathetic law enforcement
83
The problem solving process ends once "assessment" has been performed.
False
True
84
21st century policing consists of how many pillars?
6
8
3
4
85
Cultural Competence is a lifelong and ongoing process.
True
False
86
Situational Crime Prevention is based on the notion that crime results from opportunity.
False
True
87
An officer abusing his LEDS privileges to access criminal history of individuals without legitimate reasons, would be:
Discretionary Revocation
Mandatory Revocation
88
Working with Social Service Providers helps officers
Build legitimacy with populations that may have been reluctant to engage
understand the intricacies of the communities they work in
maintain a good image
Identify critical community resources for individuals in need
89
"Problem Solving Policing" focuses on factors that give rise to crime problems.
True
False
90
CPTED is consistent with which strategy of policing? (think approach/focus grid)
Standard Model
Community Policing
Problem Oriented Policing
Focused Policing
91
Operating from different core beliefs can lead to:
lack of communitcation
false assumptions
disparate policing
Misunderstandings
92
Which of the following are true regarding the 80-20 rule when applied to crime?
Most crime goes unnoticed or unreported
Suggests allocating resources where crime is prevalent is most effective
Most crime comes from a disproportionately small portion of society.
80% of the crimes are always comitted by the same 20% of criminals
20% of arrests result in convictions
80% of crimes are low level offenses
93
A race is a population that identify with each other based on shared nationality or cultural traditions.
True
False
94
Which of the following regarding "Problem Oriented Policing" are true?
Main focus is responding to calls as they occur.
This is a much better question than the BS kahoot from class...
Should focus on changing conditions giving rise to crime.
Should focus primarily on Preventative Patrols.
95
Where would you find the legal definition for a "deadly weapon" in the ORS?
166.210 Weapons Definitions
164.005 Theft Definitions
164.205 Burglary and Trespass Definitions
161.015 General Definitions
96
Cultural humility is based on the premise of
Knowledge
Mastery
Competency
Accountability
97
Ceremonies, traditions, and gatherings are an example of what "tool of resistance"?
Create
Organize
Celebrate
Persist
98
Stereotyping can be helpful.
False
True
99
Well lit streets are an example of:
Crime prevention through environmental design.
Community Policing
Reactive policing
Passive Community Coordination
100
Criminal opportunity arises out of daily routines and activities.
True
False

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