What does adaptation through natural selection lead to?

species becoming better suited to their environment

How can researchers infer relative temperature changes from ice core samples?

Analyzing oxygen isotope ratios

Which method is used to predict pollution effects and concentrate efforts on asthma prevention?

Predictive air pollution models

According to the USAD Science Resource Guide, what is the main driver of environmental degradation?

Agriculture, mining and resource extraction

What is the role of population and community ecology?

Population growth, dispersal, and interaction

What does a forest ecosystem's function involve?

Linkages between living and nonliving components

What does the 'Infant Mortality Rate' indicate?

Number of infants who die before their first birthday per 1,000 live births

How does water typically enter the groundwater system?

By infiltration of precipitation and discharge of rivers and streams

What defines an ecosystem?

Living components in urban areas

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Academic Decathlon 2025 - Mega Science

200 termsStudBud Administration48 plays

Test your knowledge on environmental science and learn about important concepts and principles

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Questions 200

Answers

1
What is the primary responsibility of the Department of Energy (DOE)?
Environmental protection
Energy management
Disease control
Space exploration
2
Which interaction involves same species?
Abiotic
Interspecific
Intraspecific
Ephemeral
3
What is the main concern with carbon monoxide?
Ozone depletion
Increases clarity
Oxygen transport interference
Global warming
4
Primary goal of intensive forestry?
Sustainability
Genetic variation
Ecosystem health
Timber production
5
Traditional fish management failed due to?
Lack of enforcement
Insufficient monitoring
Inadequate funding
Over-reliance on quotas
6
Ice core layers are dated by:
Layer color
Layer thickness
Air bubbles
Chemical content
7
Which interaction is abiotic?
Abiotic
Intraspecific
Interspecific
Ephemeral
8
Genetic modification involves?
Breeding traits
Natural selection
Introducing new genes
Artificial selection
9
What is the impact of temperature-permafrost feedback?
Stabilizes CO2 levels
Increases greenhouse gases
Decreases greenhouse gases
Affects Arctic gases
10
Main method to date ice layers?
Thickness
Chemical analysis
Temperature
Color
11
What does adaptation through natural selection lead to?
homogeneity among species
species becoming better suited to their environment
the elimination of all genetic mutations
consistent decrease in genetic diversity
12
How can researchers infer relative temperature changes from ice core samples?
Measuring carbon dioxide concentrations
Analyzing oxygen isotope ratios
Examining the thickness of ice layers
Observing trapped pollen grains
13
What does the precautionary principle emphasize?
Biodiversity value
Exclusion principle
Risk avoidance
Disturbance benefits
14
What is the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to a form plants can use known as?
Carbon fixation
Nitrogen fixation
Photosynthesis
Nitrification
15
Primary productivity refers to
Predator species
Primary producer biomass
Decomposer energy
Consumer biomass
16
What increased lead release in the Industrial Revolution?
Refining techniques
Coal use
Clean air laws
Unleaded gasoline
17
Which event caused fear of nuclear power in 1979?
Palo Verde explosion
Diablo Canyon radiation
Oconee tsunami
Three Mile Island malfunction
18
What is a benefit of genetic engineering in corn?
Decreased yields
More herbicide vulnerability
Increased pest susceptibility
Reduced pesticide need
19
Which gas does not contribute to global warming?
Carbon dioxide
Nitrous oxide
Methane
Carbon monoxide
20
Slash-and-burn is a form of?
Slash-and-burn
Carbon fixation
Photosynthesis
Transpiration
21
Primary function of lichens?
Increase biodiversity
Decrease CO2
Produce oxygen
Air quality indicators
22
What provides most human calories?
Fruits
Meat
Dairy products
Food grains
23
Which method is used to predict pollution effects and concentrate efforts on asthma prevention?
Public surveys
Predictive air pollution models
Historical data analysis
Qualitative assessments
24
Which value is utility-based?
economic
quantifiable
instrumental
intrinsic
25
Function of electric power grid?
Distribute electricity
Regulate prices
Store electricity
Generate electricity
26
What is defined as a source of material or energy extracted from the environment?
nuclear power
natural resources
fossil fuels
renewable energy
27
Ecosystem resilience is
Species diversity
Return rate after disturbance
Pollutant absorption
Climate stability
28
What is the primary responsibility of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?
Environmental protection
Disease control
Space exploration
Energy management
29
What is slash-and-burn agriculture?
Transpiration
Carbon fixation
Slash-and-burn
Photosynthesis
30
What process describes the interaction of sunlight with pollutants to form ozone?
Thermal inversion
Photolysis
Photosynthesis
Carbon fixation
31
According to the USAD Science Resource Guide, what is the main driver of environmental degradation?
Reduction in agricultural land
Decrease in global temperatures
Agriculture, mining and resource extraction
Decrease in technological development
32
Why is clearcutting preferred for fast-growing trees?
Optimal growth conditions
Less labor needed
Selective tree removal
Greater biodiversity
33
Fuel efficiency increase since 1975
Consumer changes
Tech improvements
Less advancements
Lower standards
34
What is the role of population and community ecology?
Climate study
Soil chemical properties
Human population growth
Population growth, dispersal, and interaction
35
What does a forest ecosystem's function involve?
Lack of species interaction
Only abiotic components
Linkages between living and nonliving components
Isolation from global climate patterns
36
Why are tropical forests valuable?
Rare species habitat
Highest mountains
Unique climate
Rubber and medicines
37
Limitations of predictive models?
Incomplete data
Too complex
Always accurate
Random guesses
38
What does the 'Infant Mortality Rate' indicate?
Number of infants born per 1,000 live births
Number of infants who reach adolescence
Average lifespan of infants
Number of infants who die before their first birthday per 1,000 live births
39
Why is replication important?
Confirms findings
Guarantees profit
Ensures entertainment
Only for complex
40
Mendel's observation with smooth pea plants?
Smooth peas
Red flowers
Mix of peas
Wrinkled peas
41
What is an interspecific interaction?
Counterintuitive interaction
Abiotic interaction
Intraspecific interaction
Interspecific interaction
42
How is an allele defined?
Gene with different instructions
Different gene, same trait
Physical expression of a gene
Dominant gene, specific trait
43
What is the primary disadvantage of distillation?
Complex operation
Energy requirement
High setup costs
Water wastage
44
What is the expected peak of the global human population?
Less than 9 billion
Approximately 10 billion
About 12 billion
Over 15 billion
45
How does water typically enter the groundwater system?
Through evaporation from surface water bodies
Via extraction from underground reservoirs
Through condensation from the atmosphere
By infiltration of precipitation and discharge of rivers and streams
46
Which event did not occur in 1979?
Three Mile Island malfunction
Palo Verde explosion
Oconee tsunami
Diablo Canyon radiation
47
Rainy conditions in equatorial ecosystems are caused by?
Hadley cell
Polar jet streams
Ferrel cell
Trade winds
48
What milestone did the global human population reach in November 2022?
7 billion people
8 billion people
6 billion people
9 billion people
49
What defines an ecosystem?
Atmospheric components
Single-species populations
Human-made systems
Living components in urban areas
50
Wild oats outcompeted crops by?
Earlier growth
Genetic modification
Ripening seeds later
Less water needed
51
What increases mutation likelihood?
Organic foods
Tobacco smoke
Sunlight exposure
Exercise routine
52
Pollution from a discernible location is a
Point source
Secondary source
Tertiary source
Nonpoint source
53
Which elements are derived from decomposed vegetation?
Sodium, fluorine
Nitrogen, sulfur
Carbon, oxygen
Oxygen, argon
54
Which impact does habitat fragmentation have?
Enhances mating
Creates barriers
Promotes diversity
Facilitates migration
55
What can genetic diversity within a population result in?
Lower genetic variation
Increased adaptability
Decreased fertility
Higher mortality rate
56
What condition increases methane production in the tundra?
Reduced human activity
Increased vegetation growth
Permafrost melting
Decreased temperature
57
What technology has enabled natural gas-fired power plants to achieve efficiencies of up to 60 percent?
Solar panels
Geothermal energy extraction
Combined cycle technology
Wind turbines
58
Sludge in sewage treatment is?
From secondary treatment
Significant metals
Organic matter
Free of metals
59
How did zebra mussels enter the Great Lakes?
Storm systems
Recreational boats
Natural migration
Ballast water
60
How has trawling for groundfish affected ocean bottom habitat?
Reduced fishing pressure
Increased biodiversity
Destroyed habitat structure
Improved habitat quality
61
Which federal agency is responsible for space exploration in the United States?
EPA
NASA
DOE
CDC
62
Which flower color is AB genotype in snapdragons?
red
yellow
white
pink
63
Habitat fragmentation impacts species movement by?
Facilitating migration
Creating barriers
Enhancing mating
Promoting diversity
64
Which elements come from rocks and vegetation?
Nitrogen, sulfur
Sodium, chlorine
Oxygen, argon
Carbon, hydrogen
65
What defines a steady-state system?
Closed system
Input equals output
Rapid growth
Declining size
66
What is the primary cause of the vast number of species on Earth?
human intervention
climate change
genetic variation and adaptive traits
reduction in predator numbers
67
What increased lead release in the Industrial Revolution?
Coal use
Clean air laws
Unleaded gasoline
Refining techniques
68
Fossils are formed by?
Rapid decomposition
Buried in sediment
Chemical reactions
Extreme temperatures
69
Difference between food chain and web?
Webs have producers
Chains are complex
Chains have more species
Webs are complex
70
Which tree appears in the fossil record?
Maple tree
Redwood tree
Oak tree
Ginkgo tree
71
What provides most human calories?
Dairy products
Fruits
Food grains
Meat
72
Which principle is not in environmental science?
Chemistry
Physics
Biology
Cultural traditions
73
Intrinsic value exists regardless of human benefit.
Not sure
True
False
Depends
74
How do fishery managers set limits?
Half capacity
Max effort
Total biomass
Max density
75
What is the estimated 'background' rate of mammal extinctions per 10,000 species per one hundred years?
1 extinction
10 extinctions
2 extinctions
20 extinctions
76
What contributes to the loss of topsoil in soil degradation?
Enhanced soil aeration
Increased organic matter content
Soil erosion caused by water or wind
Reduction in nutrient availability
77
How to study ancient gases?
Artifacts
Ice cores
Historians
Rock layers
78
What is the competitive exclusion principle?
Risk avoidance
Species coexistence
One species outcompetes
Disturbance benefits
79
What is the BEST example of a closed system with respect to matter?
city
Earth, except for minor exceptions like meteorites
open ocean
local ecosystem
80
What does 'CBR' stand for in demographic studies?
Central Birth Record
Cumulative Birth Rate
Crude Birth Rate
Calculated Birth Ratio
81
Fishery managers set limits by?
Half carrying capacity
Maximizing effort
Max population density
Total biomass
82
Traditional fish management failed due to?
Insufficient monitoring
Over-reliance on quotas
Lack of enforcement
Inadequate funding
83
How to determine ancient gas concentrations?
Artifacts
Ice cores
Rock layers
Historians
84
What is the primary responsibility of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?
Regulating food and drugs
Monitoring disease outbreaks
Promoting healthy lifestyles
Addressing environmental risks
85
Which federal agency is responsible for space exploration in the United States?
NASA
EPA
DOE
FBI
86
What distinguishes an open system?
Theoretical only
Matter exchange
Energy exchange
No exchange
87
What demographic term refers to the average number of children a woman has during her childbearing years?
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Replacement Level Fertility
Gross Reproduction Rate
Birth Rate
88
What is a main indicator of fitness?
number of offspring
number of mates
strength
access to resources
89
Hazard of soils on slopes?
Risk of landslides
Water retention
Nutrient accumulation
Reduced erosion
90
What is a disadvantage of distillation in desalination?
High setup costs
Energy requirement
Complex operation
Water wastage
91
What does nitrification convert in the nitrogen cycle?
nitrate to nitrogen gas
ammonium directly to nitrogen gas
nitrogen gas directly to ammonium
nitrogen gas to nitrate
92
How are biomes classified?
Types of mineral resources available
Predominant human activities
Dominant forms of plant and animal life
Political boundaries of regions
93
Why were Closed Areas established in Georges Banks?
Sustainable fishing
Increase groundfish distribution
Larger catches
Prevent fisher access
94
What was a significant calcium source in 1920s?
Volcanic emissions
Sulfur deposition
Dust bowls
Acid rain
95
What is the term used to describe recently atmospheric carbon in biomass?
Carbon footprint
Carbon cycling
Carbon sequestration
Carbon sink
96
Complete the sentence: Fossils form when organisms are...
Chemically reacted
Exposed to heat
Buried in sediment
Rapidly decomposed
97
Most nitrogen fixation occurs through?
Wildfire events
Undersea vents
Hydrological cycle
Bacteria
98
Lead in drinking water comes from:
River contamination
Natural sources
Plastic pipes
Lead pipes
99
What is the term used to describe recently atmospheric carbon in biomass?
Carbon sequestration
Carbon sink
Carbon footprint
Carbon cycle
100
Which countries typically have a pyramid-pattern age-structure diagram?
Highly developed countries
Countries with negative growth rates
Countries with stable populations
Less developed countries
101
What controls biome distribution?
Wind and rain
Soil quality
Temperature and humidity
Latitude
102
Role of Clean Air Act?
Deregulate standards
Support leaded gasoline
Increase emissions
Control air pollution
103
What primarily affects global climate and biomes?
Magnetic field variations
Soil fertility
Human activities
Ocean depths
104
Everglades restoration involves:
Water Mgmt & Engineers
Florida Gov & Energy
Agriculture & Health
EPA & Interior
105
How does environmental science differ?
Non-living components
Chemical composition
Biological aspects
Integrates disciplines
106
What does Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) measure in water?
Salt concentration
Amount of oxygen used by organic matter over a specified time
Oxygen saturation
pH level
107
Top carnivores are in which trophic level?
Fourth
Third
First
Second
108
According to the USAD Science Resource Guide, which is a component of the population growth rate formula?
Technological progress
Economic stability
Immigration
Healthcare access
109
Unique genotype from AA and BB
AAA
AA
AB
BB
110
Cause of red spruce death in 1980s
Drought
Acid rain
Lack of sunlight
Overlogging
111
High life expectancy indicates?
Elderly population
Low death rate
High birth rate
High healthcare
112
Which elements are derived from rocks?
Sodium, chlorine
Oxygen, argon
Nitrogen, sulfur
Carbon, hydrogen
113
Criticism of the Green Revolution?
Land preservation
Crop diversity
Exclusion of small farms
Poverty reduction
114
Which feedback loop reverses direction?
Positive
Crystalline
Neutral
Negative
115
Which gas interferes with oxygen transport?
Carbon dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Methane
Nitrogen
116
What does the Crude Death Rate (CDR) measure?
Net migration rate
Average age of deaths in a population
Total number of deaths per 1,000 people per year
Total number of births per 1,000 people per year
117
Which feedback loop stabilizes systems?
Positive
Excited
Negative
Neutral
118
Most nitrogen fixation occurs through?
Bacteria
Undersea vents
Hydrological cycle
Wildfire events
119
What is the criticism of the Green Revolution?
Excessive water consumption
Lack of genetic diversity
Inefficient farming techniques
Overuse of fertilizers
120
What does nitrification convert in the nitrogen cycle?
Nitrogen compounds
Water molecules
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen molecules
121
What is a key characteristic of environmental science?
Historical studies
Cultural studies
Philosophical arguments
Interdisciplinary nature
122
What is the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1° C called?
Calorie
BTU
Joule
Watt
123
What can genetic diversity within a population result in?
homogeneity among species
decreased adaptability and survival
increased adaptability and survival
consistent decrease in genetic diversity
124
What is a hypothesis that has been tested repeatedly and never proven incorrect called?
Law
Theory
Conjecture
Fact
125
Which is a main indicator of fitness?
strength
number of offspring
niche domination
number of mates
126
What contributed to decreased fuel efficiency?
Sport utility vehicles
Smaller SUVs
Stricter standards
Electric vehicles
127
Why are coal, oil, natural gas, and uranium considered nonrenewable fuels?
Unaffected by environmental degradation
Finite amount present on Earth and take millions of years to form
Constantly replenished by natural processes
Rapidly replenished by human activities
128
Large sample sizes improve experiments by:
Making affordable
Ensuring representativeness
Reducing variables
Increasing complexity
129
How does the burning of fossil fuels impact the carbon cycle?
increasing genetic diversity
cycling carbon more rapidly through ecosystems
decreasing atmospheric carbon dioxide
releasing carbon that was not part of the contemporary cycle
130
How is petroleum typically extracted from underground deposits?
Evaporating water
Filtering through porous rocks
Drilling wells and pumping it
Injecting compressed air
131
Who led the Everglades restoration?
Agriculture & Health
EPA and Interior
Florida Gov & Energy
Water Mgmt & Engineers
132
Global warming potential measures?
Absorb energy
Concentration
Warm atmosphere
Duration
133
Key factors for biome distribution?
Temperature and humidity
Wind and precipitation
Latitude and longitude
Soil quality
134
How has trawling for groundfish affected ocean bottom habitat?
Reduced pollution levels
Improved ecosystem health
Increased biodiversity
Destroyed habitat
135
Which federal agency is responsible for addressing environmental risks in the United States?
EPA
CDC
NASA
DOE
136
Benefit of environmental indicators
Focus on tech
Simplify laws
Predict trends
Reflect health
137
What ensures experiment reliability?
Entertainment
Simplification
Profitability
Replication
138
How does the scientific method begin?
observation of the natural world
formulation of a theory
replication of experiments
reporting of findings
139
What is the phenotype of AB genotype in snapdragons?
white flower
red flower
purple flower
pink flower
140
What does the intrinsic value of biodiversity suggest?
its worth is measured solely by its utility to humans
it is beneficial only when it provides economic advantages
it is valuable even without direct benefits to humans
it is irrelevant in modern ecological studies
141
What does S1/S0 =(A1/A0)Z represent?
Richness change
Species recovery
Species loss
Deforested area
142
Which is a main indicator of fitness?
strength
number of offspring
niche domination
number of mates
143
Which gas is a secondary pollutant forming smog?
Oxygen
Methane
Nitrogen
Carbon monoxide
144
Main source of lead in the U.S.?
Industrial waste
Coal emissions
Old paint
Unleaded gas
145
How does environmental science differ?
Non-living components
Integrates disciplines
Chemical composition
Biological aspects
146
What does nitrification convert in the nitrogen cycle?
Nitrite to Nitrate
Ammonia to Nitrite
Nitrogen Gas to Ammonia
Nitrate to Nitrogen Gas
147
What led to lead release?
Refining techniques
Unleaded gasoline
Clean air laws
Coal use
148
Which tree is an ornamental in the U.S.?
Oak tree
Ginkgo tree
Maple tree
Pine tree
149
Which viewpoint values biodiversity's worth?
Intrinsic value
Exclusion principle
Biomagnification
Disturbance principle
150
Why are keystone species crucial?
Most numerous
Top of food chain
Dictate energy flow
Minimal impact
151
What is the BEST definition of a hypothesis?
testable and falsifiable statement about the natural world
random guess
unchangeable fact
proven scientific law
152
How was Thrips imaginis regulated?
Decline in density
Increase in reproduction
Increase in plants
Increase in predation
153
What is the term for the time it takes for a population to double at its current growth rate?
Doubling Time
Expansion Interval
Development Span
Proliferation Phase
154
Which federal agency is responsible for space exploration in the United States?
DOE
CDC
EPA
NASA
155
According to the USAD Science Resource Guide, which is a component of the population growth rate formula?
Birth Rate
Death Rate
Immigration Rate
Emigration Rate
156
Impact of EVs on air quality
Increase heat island
Improve air quality
No impact
Increase pollution
157
Water from sinks and showers is called?
Black water
Toxic water
Polluted water
Gray water
158
Which phenomenon causes equatorial rain?
Polar jet streams
Hadley cell
Ferrel cell
Trade winds
159
How does primary succession differ?
Less biodiversity
Without soil
Human intervention
Faster
160
Sickle-cell allele advantage in malaria areas?
Malaria resistance
Higher infection risk
Genetic disorders
Reduced life expectancy
161
What is an open system?
No exchange
Theoretical only
Energy exchange
Matter exchange
162
What is a steady-state system?
Input equals output
Rapid growth
Declining size
Closed off
163
What is the primary cause of the vast number of species on Earth?
Environmental factors
Genetic mutations
Human intervention
Natural selection
164
What is the primary goal of intensive forestry?
Timber production
Ecosystem health
Sustainability
Genetic variation
165
Air quality laws improve health?
Minimal impact
Worsened outcomes
Too restrictive
Significantly improved
166
What is defined as a source of material or energy extracted from the environment?
Natural resource
Niche
Nutrient
Biome
167
Which of the following is NOT a common environmental indicator?
average speed of wind
carbon dioxide concentration in air
size of human population
species diversity
168
High life expectancy indicates?
High birth rate
High healthcare
Low death rate
Elderly population
169
Which regions produce more than 50% of worldwide desalinated water?
Australia and Oceania
Middle East and North Africa
Europe and South America
North America and Asia
170
World fossil fuel consumption in 2022?
15,000 million tons
3,000 million tons
11,500 million tons
7,900 million tons
171
Purpose of irrigation in agriculture?
Suitable crops
Deplete groundwater
Limit growth
Reduce rainfall need
172
How has per-capita energy usage changed since 1960?
Decreased
Remained same
More than doubled
Increased
173
Which event involved a cooling water valve malfunction?
Diablo Canyon
Palo Verde
Oconee
Three Mile Island
174
What can genetic diversity within a population result in?
Identical phenotypes for all individuals
Uniformity in species
Physical variations like eye color
Decreased adaptation to environment
175
Pollution from multiple sources is
Tertiary source
Point source
Nonpoint source
Secondary source
176
What is the net flux when the input equals the output?
10
1
-1
0
177
Why are mathematical models preferred for estimating emission distribution according to the Clean Air Act?
Less expensive than other estimation methods
Accurate predictions without relying on data
Real-time data collection from pollution sources
Eliminate the need for state implementation plans
178
What drives the hydrologic cycle?
human activities
solar energy
wind energy
geothermal energy
179
What is the term used to describe recently atmospheric carbon in biomass?
Prehistoric carbon
Fossil carbon
Ancient carbon
Modern carbon
180
Why increase experiment sample size?
Decrease cost
Shorten analysis
Reduce variables
Data representativeness
181
What is the phenotype of AB genotype?
pink
red
yellow
white
182
Which factor is NOT typically included in the calculation of a country's growth rate?
Economic output
Deaths
Immigration
Births
183
The third trophic level consists of
Herbivores
Top carnivores
Bacteria
Carnivores
184
Why does biodiversity matter?
Provides value to human society
Reduces species for survival
Maintained by human intervention
Concerned with plant life
185
What is the primary method of logging for timber in Southeast Asia, including Borneo?
Shelterwood Cutting
Seed-Tree Cutting
Selective Logging
Clearcutting
186
How has trawling for groundfish affected ocean bottom habitat?
It has resulted in the decline of scallop populations
It has caused damage to the ocean bottom habitat
It has facilitated the recovery of cod and flounder juveniles
It has led to an increase in bottom gravel concentration
187
What is the primary responsibility of the Department of Energy (DOE)?
Regulating food and drugs
Monitoring energy consumption
Addressing environmental risks
Promoting renewable energy
188
Which tree is native to China?
Pine tree
Maple tree
Ginkgo tree
Oak tree
189
What is the intermediate disturbance principle?
Disturbance benefits
Precautionary principle
Biodiversity value
Exclusion principle
190
What condition increases the production of methane in the tundra?
Increased snowfall
Increased number of thawed days
Decreased rainfall
Increased number of frozen days
191
What do primary producers produce?
Energy
Biomass
Decomposers
Predators
192
What was the estimated global human population growth rate per year in 2023?
1.2%
1.5%
0.5%
0.83% to 0.9%
193
Purpose of irrigation in agriculture?
Limit growth
Reduce rainfall need
Deplete groundwater
Suitable crops
194
Which event involved the intentional removal of control rods?
Indian Point
Diablo Canyon
Palo Verde
Oconee
195
Who manages U.S. environmental quality?
EPA
Council Env Quality
Interior Dept.
Fish & Wildlife
196
Critical element of hypothesis
Observed explanation
Experience-based
Testable
Proven true
197
Sludge in sewage treatment is?
From secondary treatment
Significant metals
Organic matter
Free of metals
198
Which event did not involve radiation release?
Three Mile Island
Indian Point
Diablo Canyon
Palo Verde
199
Why do deserts form at 30° latitude?
Solar radiation
Low humidity
Westerly winds
High pressure
200
S1/S0 =(A1/A0)Z represents?
Species loss rate
Species recovery rate
Deforested area
Change in richness

Academic Decathlon 2025 - Mega Science Flashcards | StudBud