Unit3 Essential Terms & Concepts

Attempt by a country to establish settlements & impose its political, economic, & cultural principles in another place.

Religion that attempts to appeal to/convert all people, not just those living in a particular location ex. Christianity

the action of buying and selling goods and services.

the spread of cultural traits through direct or indirect exchange without migration - this occurs in many ways

A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history

The scientific study of language. It involves analysing language form, language meaning, and language in context.

A common language used by people who do not share the same native language - ex. English

Coexistence of many cultures in one society, with the idea that all cultures are valued, worthy, and enrich lives

Spread of culture outward from the most interconnected places or centers of wealth & influence -may skip some places

membership in a group of people who share characteristics- ancestry, language, customs, history, and common experiences

The combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature - the two groups come together to form a new culture

An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements

The contact and interaction of one culture with another

The process, made possible by tech innovations in transport & communication, by which distant places are brought closer

occurs when a cultural trait spreads continuously outward from its hearth through contact among people

forces that unite a country/group of people -  centripetal forces bring people together

A place from which a culture originates

 The spread of a cultural trait by people who migrate and carry their cultural traits with them

Large group of languages that may all have descended from a language spoken around 6,000 yrs ago.

Evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture.

The process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group

The name given to a portion of the Earth’s surface - a place name

Forces that divide a country/group of people - forces that pull people apart

Grew out of the teachings of Siddhartha (600 BC) - he became known as the enlighten one - preached escape from suffering

The process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups, each retaining distinct cultural features

Formed by ethnic groups who have migrated to a new place -enclaves of people who have established their own urban spaces

All cultural elements, visible and invisible,that are the building blocks of culture.

 Communities made up of Indigenous people, who are natives of an area who have been conquered or dominated by others.

Belief traditions with strong cultural characteristics among followers. Rarely attempt to convert, relocation diffusion

Human imprint on the environment - the visible reflection of a culture 

The range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between masculinity and femininity.

The customary beliefs, material traits, & social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group.

Successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape

Among the 1st monotheistic faiths, believe that the holy book, the Torah, expresses divine will - claim state of Israel

Lens through which people experience & make meaning of their experiences in & with a place - characteristics & feelings

Occurs when people in a culture adopt an underlying idea or process from another culture, but modify it ex. McDonalds

Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope

When 2 or more languages mix & develop a more formal structure and vocab so that they are no longer a pidgin language

A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation