This excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following ?

Commercial motives for European exploration of overseas territories

Machiavelli advocates that a successful ruler must do which of the following ?

Act without scruples for the good of the state

How did the Catholic Church ultimately respond to the charges leveled against it during the Reformation ?

By enacting reform through the Council of Trent

All of the statements are true about Renaissance art/architecture EXCEPT

Quality of Northern Renaissance art was similar to that of the Renaissance

Which of the following would be another reason for the increase in slave trade during the 16th and 17th Centuries ?

The decimation of the Native American population as a result of disease

Machiavelli's philosophy of rule mirrored a secular model for political behavior because

There was a distinct break from morality as espoused in Christianity

Calvinist ideas would have been most influenced by which of the following ?

Ideals of Christian humanists regarding Catholic abuses

Which of the following occurred in Europe that was a significant result of the trend from 1511 to 1570 ?

Price revolution of the 16th Century, which contributed to economic decline

What is the difference between the Peace of Augsburg and the Peace of Westphalia ?

Augsburg allowed Lutheranism; Westphalia allowed Lutheranism AND Calvinism

Da Vinci's choice to depict the man in detail would seem to suggest all of the following EXCEPT

A need to win more commissions from the pope

How is Renaissance art and architecture different from the artistic movements of Baroque and Mannerism later on ?

The use of distortion, drama, and illusion in Baroque and Mannerism

Which of the following is best supported by the passage ?

Renaissance humanists believed that men had free will and great potential

Which of the following did NOT cause the Dutch Revolt from Spanish control ?

Inflation in prices caused opposition from lower class Dutch citizens

Humanism's main effect on writing was

The secularization of literature

In which of the following countries or regions did lay authorities initiate religious reform ?

England during the reign of King Henry VIII

The thinking expressed by Pico della Mirandola and similar authors of the period were influenced by which option ?

A desire to rediscover classical works of Greek and Roman philosophers

Which of the following developments best represents a LONG-TERM effect of Christian humanism ?

Religious conflict in Europe until the mid-seventeenth century

Which of the following statements about the Reformation can be inferred from this political interpretation by Elton ?

Many princes/monarchs took advantage of religious reform for political gain

According to Luther's 95 Thesis, how did his concept of Salvation differ most from that of the Catholic Church ?

Luther believed in salvation in faith alone; Church believed in good deeds

Despite Colbert’s mercantilistic policies, the royal coffers continued to remain empty largely as a result of

A series of expensive and fruitless wars

The ideas expressed in this excerpt most directly addressed the prevailing idea in the sixteenth century that

Catholic Church needed to address the issues of church abuses

Mercantilism, as an economic philosophy, seeks to increase state reserves of currency by

Improving a slightly positive balance of trade

This passage reflects changes in Italian Renaissance politics that can best be summarized by which statement ?

Embraced a "realistic" component of rule and echoed politics of ancient Rom

All of the following are true about Renaissance society EXCEPT

All clergymen and church officials were bound in great wealth

This is Rafael's art, School of Athens. Which of the following MOST LIKELY influenced Rafael in this artwork ?

Humanist revival of Greek and Roman texts

The excerpts above most directly reflect which of the following ideas ?

The Calvinist belief that the state should be subordinate to the church

The Renaissance began in the Italian peninsula for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Lack of connections to previous (ancient) civilizations

What effect did Luther's 95 Thesis have on the future of the Catholic Church ?

Church enforced Catholic doctrine; used Inquisition against heresy

Religious civil wars influenced by political implications

Were best exemplified by French Ware of Religion during the 16th Century

What was the INITIAL reaction of Pope Leo X to the posting of Luther's 95 Thesis ?

Claimed the power of the Catholic Church and condemned Luther's criticisms

Which of the following developments most directly allowed Europeans to travel during the age of exploration ?

Advances in navigation and cartography

The primary purpose of this work was to promote the ideals of

Preservation of the security and justice of a government

Most humanists, including Castiglione would have argued that in terms of gender relations

women's sphere of doing was private and domestic

The debate in these excerpts most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments ?

The establishment of the first Protestant Religion

Which of the following was the fundamental justification for the Jesuit establishment of missions like in this excerpt ?

To promote Roman Catholicism throughout the New World

The term "humanism" when applied to Renaissance Italy, refers primarily to the

scholarly interest in the Greco-Roman culture and the belief in human value

The Spanish rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella achieved a centralized modern state by doing which of the following ?

Create religious uniformity through Catholicism

Which of the following was most likely the catalyst for Luther's belief on Salvation as stated in the passage above ?

John Tetzal's speech to convince the poor to purchase indulgences

What was the end result of the French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) ?

Reign of King Henry Navarre over the French throne (converts to Catholic), Establishment of Edict of Nantes; recognized Calvinism in France, Death of over 3,000 Huguenots in Paris, France

The discussion in the passage clearly shows the influence of which of the following 15th and 16th Century trends ?

Renaissance humanists developed the values of secularism and individualism

Which of the following developments caused the state to encourage explorers to search for gold ?

The rise of mercantilism, which gave the state a role in commercial affairs

Ultimately, the factor that most determined the spread of Lutheranism was

The decision made by princes/rulers to either adopt or reject Protestantism

studbud

AP Euro Chapter 12-14 Test (Welch)

57 termsStudBud Administration30 plays

This is a practice test that can be used to study for the AP European History Chapter 12-15 Test and will cover the Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Age of Exploration, Politics/Thirty Years War, and a portion of the Scientific Revolution.

Flashcards57 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 57

Answers

1
This excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following ?
Commercial motives for European exploration of overseas territories
Competition for trade that led to conflict/war among European powers
Religious motives for European exploration of overseas territories
Advances in military technology, led to 14th Century European dominance
2
Machiavelli advocates that a successful ruler must do which of the following ?
Strive to earn the love of his people
Care for the weak, poor, and helpless
Act without scruples for the good of the state
Kill all opposition immediately without consideration of the consequences
3
How did the Catholic Church ultimately respond to the charges leveled against it during the Reformation ?
Agreeing to give monarchs/princes more power to implement religious reform
By enacting reform through the Council of Trent
By accepting to new interpretations of both Lutheranism and Calvinism
By helping spread Catholic faith outside of Europe
4
All of the statements are true about Renaissance art/architecture EXCEPT
Italian Renaissance held more Christian influence than Northern Renaissanc
Northern Renaissance was little effected by the Greeks and Romans
More artists in Italy than in France, Germany, Spain, and England
Quality of Northern Renaissance art was similar to that of the Renaissance
5
Which of the following would be another reason for the increase in slave trade during the 16th and 17th Centuries ?
The growth of subsistence agriculture in most areas of Europe
The effects of the price revolution; inflation of prices within Europe
The decimation of the Native American population as a result of disease
Attempts of landlords to increase revenues by restricting peasant rights
6
Machiavelli's philosophy of rule mirrored a secular model for political behavior because
All members of the state needed to participate as opposed to just a few
Religious rules for princes gave way to more militant (military) practices
There was a strict adherence to Catholic doctrine and papal leadership
There was a distinct break from morality as espoused in Christianity
7
Calvinist ideas would have been most influenced by which of the following ?
The encouragement of the Anabaptist doctrine
Catholic reforms that were a result of the Council of Trent
Ideals of Christian humanists regarding Catholic abuses
The ideals of the Jesuit missionaries
8
Which of the following occurred in Europe that was a significant result of the trend from 1511 to 1570 ?
A new economic elite that controlled commerce in European towns and cities
The continued growth of free peasantry in Western Europe
Price revolution of the 16th Century, which contributed to economic decline
An increase of migrants out of the cities
9
What is the difference between the Peace of Augsburg and the Peace of Westphalia ?
Augsburg ONLY allowed Calvinism; Westphalia ONLY allowed Lutheranism
Augsburg ended religious wars; Westphalia ended monarchial centralization
Nothing; They both achieved the same goal just at different time periods
Augsburg allowed Lutheranism; Westphalia allowed Lutheranism AND Calvinism
10
Da Vinci's choice to depict the man in detail would seem to suggest all of the following EXCEPT
A desire to examine the human form in an analytical manner
A desire to improve his own artistic abilities
A weaker sense of indecency
A need to win more commissions from the pope
11
How is Renaissance art and architecture different from the artistic movements of Baroque and Mannerism later on ?
A human centered naturalism in Baroque and Mannerism
Works that were mostly based on classical styles in Baroque and Mannerism
The use of distortion, drama, and illusion in Baroque and Mannerism
The new geometric perspective in Baroque and Mannerism
12
Which of the following was MOST supportive of Luther's condemnation of the Catholic Church ?
Holy Roman Empire ruler, Charles V
The Bishops
King Henry VII
The German princes
13
The French Wars of Religion were focused on solely religious concerns ?
False
True
14
This excerpt from Luther's 95 Thesis best reflects Luther's efforts to do which of the following ?
Start his own religion
Reform the Catholic Church
Save himself from excommunication
Defend his decision to break from the Catholic Church
15
What school of thought did Erasmus’s writing most closely identify with ?
Christian Humanism
Italian Humanism
Calvinist
Lutheranism
16
Which of the following is best supported by the passage ?
ALL Renaissance humanists were dedicated and faithful Christians
Renaissance humanists believed that God had a predetermined life for them
Renaissance humanists believed that humans were destined to be beasts
Renaissance humanists believed that men had free will and great potential
17
Which of the following did NOT cause the Dutch Revolt from Spanish control ?
King Philip II of Spain's attempt to remove Calvinism from Netherlands
Netherlands realized that their taxes were going towards Spanish interests
Inflation in prices caused opposition from lower class Dutch citizens
Province nobles opposition of unity out of fear of losing political power
18
Humanism's main effect on writing was
The secularization of literature
An increasing reliance on archaeological evidence
A stress on God's influence on human events
An increasing importance on non-Western subject matter
19
In which of the following countries or regions did lay authorities initiate religious reform ?
England during the reign of King Henry VIII
Spain
The Italian states
Habsburg lands in Eastern Europe
20
The thinking expressed by Pico della Mirandola and similar authors of the period were influenced by which option ?
Unwillingness of intellectuals to question traditional sources of authority
A desire to rediscover classical works of Greek and Roman philosophers
The Church's institution of the Inquisition to remove heretical practices
Strengthening of the Roman Catholic Church authority over kings
21
Which of the following developments best represents a LONG-TERM effect of Christian humanism ?
Catholic unity throughout Europe
Religious conflict in Europe until the mid-seventeenth century
Religious plurality in France and evidenced by the Edict of Nantes
The implementation of new religious orders such as the Jesuits
22
Which of the following statements about the Reformation can be inferred from this political interpretation by Elton ?
Religious conflicts were justifiable to challenge political authority
The English Reformation was the only reform movement inspired by politics
Many princes/monarchs took advantage of religious reform for political gain
Issues of religion intensified conflicts between monarchs and nobility
23
According to Luther's 95 Thesis, how did his concept of Salvation differ most from that of the Catholic Church ?
Luther believed in indulgences; Church believed in salvation in faith alone
Luther believed in doing good deeds; Church believed in indulgences
Luther believed in salvation in faith alone; Church believed in good deeds
Luther supported predestination; Church believed in indulgences
24
Despite Colbert’s mercantilistic policies, the royal coffers continued to remain empty largely as a result of
A series of expensive and fruitless wars
Large peasant revolts that needed to be put down
A spendthrift king
The rise of Spain as a navel power
25
The ideas expressed in this excerpt most directly addressed the prevailing idea in the sixteenth century that
Catholic Church needed to address the issues of church abuses
Council of Trent revived Catholic doctrine
Catholic Church needed to accept to interpretations of Catholic doctrine
Religious conflicts would become basis for challenging monarchical control
26
Mercantilism, as an economic philosophy, seeks to increase state reserves of currency by
Improving a slightly positive balance of trade
Instituting gloating exchange rates
Favoring imports over exports
Escalating military conflicts against trade competitors
27
This passage reflects changes in Italian Renaissance politics that can best be summarized by which statement ?
Embraced a "realistic" component of rule and echoed politics of ancient Rom
Created an expectation for rulers to be tyrants willing to impose cruelty
A rejection of religion for a COMPLETE break with the Catholic Church
Evolved from a hereditary model of rulers to one based on achievements
28
All of the following are true about Renaissance society EXCEPT
Some elite women could gain an education, despite being unequal to men
Greeco-Roman writings were only available to those who were educated
All clergymen and church officials were bound in great wealth
Not all men were treated equally, as richer men had more rights than poorer
29
This is Rafael's art, School of Athens. Which of the following MOST LIKELY influenced Rafael in this artwork ?
The influence of the universities
The invention of the printing press
Admiration for Greek and Roman political institutions
Humanist revival of Greek and Roman texts
30
The excerpts above most directly reflect which of the following ideas ?
Calvinist belief that children of unmarried couples shouldn’t be baptized
New Calvinist interpretations of Christian doctrine
Calvinist criticisms of Catholic abuses
The Calvinist belief that the state should be subordinate to the church
31
The Renaissance began in the Italian peninsula for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
Presence of a wealthy and well-educated aristocratic class
Increased trade with Arab, Indian, and Chinese cultures
Lack of connections to previous (ancient) civilizations
The Black Death's force of a change in mentality of the people
32
What effect did Luther's 95 Thesis have on the future of the Catholic Church ?
Ended the practice of indulgences as well as the selling of church offices
Church passed the Peace of Augsburg to recognize Lutheranism in Germany
Church compromised its view on Salvation with that of Luther
Church enforced Catholic doctrine; used Inquisition against heresy
33
Religious civil wars influenced by political implications
Became even more commonplace after the Peace of Westphalia
Were best exemplified by French Ware of Religion during the 16th Century
Were not common during the 16th Century
Were best exemplified by the Habsburg leadership versus Catholicism
34
What was the INITIAL reaction of Pope Leo X to the posting of Luther's 95 Thesis ?
He immediately excommunicated Luther from the Catholic Church
Claimed the power of the Catholic Church and condemned Luther's criticisms
He called Tetzal from Germany and condemned him for his sale of indulgences
He called upon church officials for the Council of Trent
35
Which of the following developments most directly allowed Europeans to travel during the age of exploration ?
The desire to spread Christianity
Advances in navigation and cartography
Advances in military technology
The growth of a new economic elite
36
The primary purpose of this work was to promote the ideals of
Preservation of the security and justice of a government
The divine rights of kings
Equality for all of humanity
Consitutional monarchies
37
Most humanists, including Castiglione would have argued that in terms of gender relations
men and women were equal in intellectual pursuits
the status of the women had improved since the Middle Ages
women's sphere of doing was private and domestic
women were equal to men in both marital and sexual relations
38
Colbert and his policy of mercantilism could be viewed as part of the later philosophy of
Anarchism
Liberalism
Socialism
Nationalism
39
The debate in these excerpts most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments ?
The establishment of the first Protestant Religion
The French Wars of Religion
The English Reformation
The Establishment of Calvin's Geneva
40
Which of the following was the fundamental justification for the Jesuit establishment of missions like in this excerpt ?
To promote Roman Catholicism throughout the New World
To support mercantilist beliefs
To counter the growth of Islam
The competition for trade among European powers
41
The term "humanism" when applied to Renaissance Italy, refers primarily to the
Renewed interest in the scientific method at many Italian universities
Anti-religious movement among leading Italian intellectuals
scholarly interest in the Greco-Roman culture and the belief in human value
Non-Christian themes that become prominent in Italian art and literature
42
The Spanish rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella achieved a centralized modern state by doing which of the following ?
Dispense justice to all Spanish subjects
Build a stronger Spanish military
Create religious uniformity through Catholicism
Enforcing heavier tax collection upon all Spanish subjects
43
The reign of Queen Elizabeth over England encouraged more ideas of Catholicism rather than Protestantism.
True
False
44
The first Italian humanist to gain a thorough knowledge of Greek was
Leonardo Bruni
Petrarch
Pico della Mirandola
Lorenzo Valla
45
Which of the following was most likely the catalyst for Luther's belief on Salvation as stated in the passage above ?
John Tetzal's speech to convince the poor to purchase indulgences
The Catholic Church naming King Henry VII the leader over religious affairs
The burning of John Hus for his religious criticisms
Election of Pope Leo X, the youngest Pope elected and member of the Medici
46
What was the end result of the French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) ?
Reign of King Henry Navarre over the French throne (converts to Catholic)
Establishment of Edict of Nantes; recognized Calvinism in France
Reign of Henry, Duke of Guise over the French throne
Death of over 3,000 Huguenots in Paris, France
47
The discussion in the passage clearly shows the influence of which of the following 15th and 16th Century trends ?
The continued reliance on the spiritual explanation of the world
The development of Baroque art forms to enhance the status of the elite
Scientific thought was being applied to human thought and institutions
Renaissance humanists developed the values of secularism and individualism
48
Which of the following would be considered "patrons" for the art of the Renaissance ?
Kings and Nobles
All of the Above
Merchant Families
Popes
49
The “mission system” described in this excerpt was used to culturally subjugate which of the following groups ?
The African slaves who were brought over to satisfy the need for labor
Portuguese who settled in the area
Native Americans
Spanish citizens who established the colonies for Spain
50
Which of the following developments caused the state to encourage explorers to search for gold ?
The shifting power from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states
The rise of mercantilism, which gave the state a role in commercial affairs
An increase in the African slave trade during the 16th and 17th Centuries
Innovations in banking and finance that promoted a money economy
51
Ultimately, the factor that most determined the spread of Lutheranism was
Luther's talent for singing psalms
The decision made by princes/rulers to either adopt or reject Protestantism
The popularity of indulgences
Luthers translation of the Bible
52
Which of the following was a result of the European exploration and colonization of new territories ?
The Colombian Exchange - exchange of plants, animals, and diseases
The population increase to it’s pre-Great Plague levels
The shift of an economic center from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean
The growing of serfdom
53
Which of the following was the most immediate cause for the founding of the Jesuits ?
The Catholic Reformation and the desire to revive the Roman Catholic Church
The growth of radical Anabaptists, who criticized Catholicism
Monarchs who initiate religious reform in their own countries
The ideals of Erasmus and the Christian humanists movement
54
In composing this drawing, Leonardo da Vinci was most likely influenced by which of the following ?
Dadaism
Classicism
Narcissim
Romanticism
55
Colbert’s attempt to bolster French industry is most evident in his support of
Easing of tariffs
The domestic production of ceramics, glass, and textiles
The construction of a massive shipbuilding industry
Weavers who had yet to unionize
56
What encouraged the slave trade from Africa to the New World?
Foreign lands providing raw materials and finished goods for commercialism
Innovations in banking and financing in Europe
European military superiority
The establishment of a plantation economy in the New World
57
During and after the Reformation, the task of regulating morality violations such as stated above was carried out by
Monarchs
Catholic bishops
Local pastors
City governments

AP Euro Chapter 12-14 Test (Welch) Flashcards | StudBud

AP Euro Chapter 12-14 Test (Welch)

57 termsStudBud Administration30 plays

Flashcards57 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 57

Answers

1
This excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following ?
Commercial motives for European exploration of overseas territories
Competition for trade that led to conflict/war among European powers
Religious motives for European exploration of overseas territories
Advances in military technology, led to 14th Century European dominance
2
Machiavelli advocates that a successful ruler must do which of the following ?
Strive to earn the love of his people
Care for the weak, poor, and helpless
Act without scruples for the good of the state
Kill all opposition immediately without consideration of the consequences
3
How did the Catholic Church ultimately respond to the charges leveled against it during the Reformation ?
Agreeing to give monarchs/princes more power to implement religious reform
By enacting reform through the Council of Trent
By accepting to new interpretations of both Lutheranism and Calvinism
By helping spread Catholic faith outside of Europe
4
All of the statements are true about Renaissance art/architecture EXCEPT
Italian Renaissance held more Christian influence than Northern Renaissanc
Northern Renaissance was little effected by the Greeks and Romans
More artists in Italy than in France, Germany, Spain, and England
Quality of Northern Renaissance art was similar to that of the Renaissance
5
Which of the following would be another reason for the increase in slave trade during the 16th and 17th Centuries ?
The growth of subsistence agriculture in most areas of Europe
The effects of the price revolution; inflation of prices within Europe
The decimation of the Native American population as a result of disease
Attempts of landlords to increase revenues by restricting peasant rights
6
Machiavelli's philosophy of rule mirrored a secular model for political behavior because
All members of the state needed to participate as opposed to just a few
Religious rules for princes gave way to more militant (military) practices
There was a strict adherence to Catholic doctrine and papal leadership
There was a distinct break from morality as espoused in Christianity
7
Calvinist ideas would have been most influenced by which of the following ?
The encouragement of the Anabaptist doctrine
Catholic reforms that were a result of the Council of Trent
Ideals of Christian humanists regarding Catholic abuses
The ideals of the Jesuit missionaries
8
Which of the following occurred in Europe that was a significant result of the trend from 1511 to 1570 ?
A new economic elite that controlled commerce in European towns and cities
The continued growth of free peasantry in Western Europe
Price revolution of the 16th Century, which contributed to economic decline
An increase of migrants out of the cities
9
What is the difference between the Peace of Augsburg and the Peace of Westphalia ?
Augsburg ONLY allowed Calvinism; Westphalia ONLY allowed Lutheranism
Augsburg ended religious wars; Westphalia ended monarchial centralization
Nothing; They both achieved the same goal just at different time periods
Augsburg allowed Lutheranism; Westphalia allowed Lutheranism AND Calvinism
10
Da Vinci's choice to depict the man in detail would seem to suggest all of the following EXCEPT
A desire to examine the human form in an analytical manner
A desire to improve his own artistic abilities
A weaker sense of indecency
A need to win more commissions from the pope
11
How is Renaissance art and architecture different from the artistic movements of Baroque and Mannerism later on ?
A human centered naturalism in Baroque and Mannerism
Works that were mostly based on classical styles in Baroque and Mannerism
The use of distortion, drama, and illusion in Baroque and Mannerism
The new geometric perspective in Baroque and Mannerism
12
Which of the following was MOST supportive of Luther's condemnation of the Catholic Church ?
Holy Roman Empire ruler, Charles V
The Bishops
King Henry VII
The German princes
13
The French Wars of Religion were focused on solely religious concerns ?
False
True
14
This excerpt from Luther's 95 Thesis best reflects Luther's efforts to do which of the following ?
Start his own religion
Reform the Catholic Church
Save himself from excommunication
Defend his decision to break from the Catholic Church
15
What school of thought did Erasmus’s writing most closely identify with ?
Christian Humanism
Italian Humanism
Calvinist
Lutheranism
16
Which of the following is best supported by the passage ?
ALL Renaissance humanists were dedicated and faithful Christians
Renaissance humanists believed that God had a predetermined life for them
Renaissance humanists believed that humans were destined to be beasts
Renaissance humanists believed that men had free will and great potential
17
Which of the following did NOT cause the Dutch Revolt from Spanish control ?
King Philip II of Spain's attempt to remove Calvinism from Netherlands
Netherlands realized that their taxes were going towards Spanish interests
Inflation in prices caused opposition from lower class Dutch citizens
Province nobles opposition of unity out of fear of losing political power
18
Humanism's main effect on writing was
The secularization of literature
An increasing reliance on archaeological evidence
A stress on God's influence on human events
An increasing importance on non-Western subject matter
19
In which of the following countries or regions did lay authorities initiate religious reform ?
England during the reign of King Henry VIII
Spain
The Italian states
Habsburg lands in Eastern Europe
20
The thinking expressed by Pico della Mirandola and similar authors of the period were influenced by which option ?
Unwillingness of intellectuals to question traditional sources of authority
A desire to rediscover classical works of Greek and Roman philosophers
The Church's institution of the Inquisition to remove heretical practices
Strengthening of the Roman Catholic Church authority over kings
21
Which of the following developments best represents a LONG-TERM effect of Christian humanism ?
Catholic unity throughout Europe
Religious conflict in Europe until the mid-seventeenth century
Religious plurality in France and evidenced by the Edict of Nantes
The implementation of new religious orders such as the Jesuits
22
Which of the following statements about the Reformation can be inferred from this political interpretation by Elton ?
Religious conflicts were justifiable to challenge political authority
The English Reformation was the only reform movement inspired by politics
Many princes/monarchs took advantage of religious reform for political gain
Issues of religion intensified conflicts between monarchs and nobility
23
According to Luther's 95 Thesis, how did his concept of Salvation differ most from that of the Catholic Church ?
Luther believed in indulgences; Church believed in salvation in faith alone
Luther believed in doing good deeds; Church believed in indulgences
Luther believed in salvation in faith alone; Church believed in good deeds
Luther supported predestination; Church believed in indulgences
24
Despite Colbert’s mercantilistic policies, the royal coffers continued to remain empty largely as a result of
A series of expensive and fruitless wars
Large peasant revolts that needed to be put down
A spendthrift king
The rise of Spain as a navel power
25
The ideas expressed in this excerpt most directly addressed the prevailing idea in the sixteenth century that
Catholic Church needed to address the issues of church abuses
Council of Trent revived Catholic doctrine
Catholic Church needed to accept to interpretations of Catholic doctrine
Religious conflicts would become basis for challenging monarchical control
26
Mercantilism, as an economic philosophy, seeks to increase state reserves of currency by
Improving a slightly positive balance of trade
Instituting gloating exchange rates
Favoring imports over exports
Escalating military conflicts against trade competitors
27
This passage reflects changes in Italian Renaissance politics that can best be summarized by which statement ?
Embraced a "realistic" component of rule and echoed politics of ancient Rom
Created an expectation for rulers to be tyrants willing to impose cruelty
A rejection of religion for a COMPLETE break with the Catholic Church
Evolved from a hereditary model of rulers to one based on achievements
28
All of the following are true about Renaissance society EXCEPT
Some elite women could gain an education, despite being unequal to men
Greeco-Roman writings were only available to those who were educated
All clergymen and church officials were bound in great wealth
Not all men were treated equally, as richer men had more rights than poorer
29
This is Rafael's art, School of Athens. Which of the following MOST LIKELY influenced Rafael in this artwork ?
The influence of the universities
The invention of the printing press
Admiration for Greek and Roman political institutions
Humanist revival of Greek and Roman texts
30
The excerpts above most directly reflect which of the following ideas ?
Calvinist belief that children of unmarried couples shouldn’t be baptized
New Calvinist interpretations of Christian doctrine
Calvinist criticisms of Catholic abuses
The Calvinist belief that the state should be subordinate to the church
31
The Renaissance began in the Italian peninsula for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
Presence of a wealthy and well-educated aristocratic class
Increased trade with Arab, Indian, and Chinese cultures
Lack of connections to previous (ancient) civilizations
The Black Death's force of a change in mentality of the people
32
What effect did Luther's 95 Thesis have on the future of the Catholic Church ?
Ended the practice of indulgences as well as the selling of church offices
Church passed the Peace of Augsburg to recognize Lutheranism in Germany
Church compromised its view on Salvation with that of Luther
Church enforced Catholic doctrine; used Inquisition against heresy
33
Religious civil wars influenced by political implications
Became even more commonplace after the Peace of Westphalia
Were best exemplified by French Ware of Religion during the 16th Century
Were not common during the 16th Century
Were best exemplified by the Habsburg leadership versus Catholicism
34
What was the INITIAL reaction of Pope Leo X to the posting of Luther's 95 Thesis ?
He immediately excommunicated Luther from the Catholic Church
Claimed the power of the Catholic Church and condemned Luther's criticisms
He called Tetzal from Germany and condemned him for his sale of indulgences
He called upon church officials for the Council of Trent
35
Which of the following developments most directly allowed Europeans to travel during the age of exploration ?
The desire to spread Christianity
Advances in navigation and cartography
Advances in military technology
The growth of a new economic elite
36
The primary purpose of this work was to promote the ideals of
Preservation of the security and justice of a government
The divine rights of kings
Equality for all of humanity
Consitutional monarchies
37
Most humanists, including Castiglione would have argued that in terms of gender relations
men and women were equal in intellectual pursuits
the status of the women had improved since the Middle Ages
women's sphere of doing was private and domestic
women were equal to men in both marital and sexual relations
38
Colbert and his policy of mercantilism could be viewed as part of the later philosophy of
Anarchism
Liberalism
Socialism
Nationalism
39
The debate in these excerpts most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments ?
The establishment of the first Protestant Religion
The French Wars of Religion
The English Reformation
The Establishment of Calvin's Geneva
40
Which of the following was the fundamental justification for the Jesuit establishment of missions like in this excerpt ?
To promote Roman Catholicism throughout the New World
To support mercantilist beliefs
To counter the growth of Islam
The competition for trade among European powers
41
The term "humanism" when applied to Renaissance Italy, refers primarily to the
Renewed interest in the scientific method at many Italian universities
Anti-religious movement among leading Italian intellectuals
scholarly interest in the Greco-Roman culture and the belief in human value
Non-Christian themes that become prominent in Italian art and literature
42
The Spanish rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella achieved a centralized modern state by doing which of the following ?
Dispense justice to all Spanish subjects
Build a stronger Spanish military
Create religious uniformity through Catholicism
Enforcing heavier tax collection upon all Spanish subjects
43
The reign of Queen Elizabeth over England encouraged more ideas of Catholicism rather than Protestantism.
True
False
44
The first Italian humanist to gain a thorough knowledge of Greek was
Leonardo Bruni
Petrarch
Pico della Mirandola
Lorenzo Valla
45
Which of the following was most likely the catalyst for Luther's belief on Salvation as stated in the passage above ?
John Tetzal's speech to convince the poor to purchase indulgences
The Catholic Church naming King Henry VII the leader over religious affairs
The burning of John Hus for his religious criticisms
Election of Pope Leo X, the youngest Pope elected and member of the Medici
46
What was the end result of the French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) ?
Reign of King Henry Navarre over the French throne (converts to Catholic)
Establishment of Edict of Nantes; recognized Calvinism in France
Reign of Henry, Duke of Guise over the French throne
Death of over 3,000 Huguenots in Paris, France
47
The discussion in the passage clearly shows the influence of which of the following 15th and 16th Century trends ?
The continued reliance on the spiritual explanation of the world
The development of Baroque art forms to enhance the status of the elite
Scientific thought was being applied to human thought and institutions
Renaissance humanists developed the values of secularism and individualism
48
Which of the following would be considered "patrons" for the art of the Renaissance ?
Kings and Nobles
All of the Above
Merchant Families
Popes
49
The “mission system” described in this excerpt was used to culturally subjugate which of the following groups ?
The African slaves who were brought over to satisfy the need for labor
Portuguese who settled in the area
Native Americans
Spanish citizens who established the colonies for Spain
50
Which of the following developments caused the state to encourage explorers to search for gold ?
The shifting power from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states
The rise of mercantilism, which gave the state a role in commercial affairs
An increase in the African slave trade during the 16th and 17th Centuries
Innovations in banking and finance that promoted a money economy
51
Ultimately, the factor that most determined the spread of Lutheranism was
Luther's talent for singing psalms
The decision made by princes/rulers to either adopt or reject Protestantism
The popularity of indulgences
Luthers translation of the Bible
52
Which of the following was a result of the European exploration and colonization of new territories ?
The Colombian Exchange - exchange of plants, animals, and diseases
The population increase to it’s pre-Great Plague levels
The shift of an economic center from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean
The growing of serfdom
53
Which of the following was the most immediate cause for the founding of the Jesuits ?
The Catholic Reformation and the desire to revive the Roman Catholic Church
The growth of radical Anabaptists, who criticized Catholicism
Monarchs who initiate religious reform in their own countries
The ideals of Erasmus and the Christian humanists movement
54
In composing this drawing, Leonardo da Vinci was most likely influenced by which of the following ?
Dadaism
Classicism
Narcissim
Romanticism
55
Colbert’s attempt to bolster French industry is most evident in his support of
Easing of tariffs
The domestic production of ceramics, glass, and textiles
The construction of a massive shipbuilding industry
Weavers who had yet to unionize
56
What encouraged the slave trade from Africa to the New World?
Foreign lands providing raw materials and finished goods for commercialism
Innovations in banking and financing in Europe
European military superiority
The establishment of a plantation economy in the New World
57
During and after the Reformation, the task of regulating morality violations such as stated above was carried out by
Monarchs
Catholic bishops
Local pastors
City governments