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International Relations
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International Relations, 2023 BA Program in Global Studies. UPF. Just Castillo Iglesias
Flashcards
64 cards
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Questions
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1
How does the Sunni-Shia divide influence geopolitics in the Middle East?
It has no significant impact on regional dynamics
It enhances regional cooperation and stability
It promotes religious tolerance and dialogue
It fuels sectarian tensions and conflicts
2
The term "Soft Power" in international relations refers to...
The ability to wield power through economic means
The ability to wield power through cultural influence and political values
Capacity of influence by peaceful means
Influence through coercion
3
How do Russian power elites see the collapse of the USSR?
As an event that positively transformed international relations
A a new array of opportunities for economic growth
As a geopolitical disaster and national drama
As the liberation from oppressive regime
4
Early CW: Which Soviet figure proposed to counter Western influence ideologically, in contrast to Kennan's containment?
Lavrentiy Beria
Joseph Stalin
Nikita Khrushchev
Andrei Zhdanov
5
Realist thinkers in IR primarily view human nature as:
Selfish, ambitious, and often violent
Intrinsically good and moral
Cooperative and ethical
Cooperative and ethical
6
Which factor contributes to poverty in Africa by diverting resources and ravaging economies?
Corruption and kleptocracies
Lack of property rights and local entrepreneurship
Overdependence on a single export
Overdependence on a single import
7
Ideational power, as a form of power, refers to:
Power rooted in military capabilities and ability to defend one's interests
Power achieved through coercive tactics and manipulation of information
Power exerted through dissemination of ideas and their normative value
Power derived from economic dominance and control over resources
8
What is the key role of Iraq in the geopolitics of the Middle East and its position in the Sunni-Shia divide?
Iraq's Shia majority and strategic location shape its regional significance
Iraq maintains diplomatic influence amid the Sunni-Shia divide
Iraq serves as a bridge between Sunni and Shia communities
Oil wealth & geographic position contribute to its geopolitical importance
9
What is the principle of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in international relations?
The duty of states to promote human rights and democracy worldwide
The commitment to support development in conflict-affected regions
State's obligation to intervene militarily in conflict to protect civilians
States' obligation to prevent conflicts through diplomacy & peaceful means
10
What is the difference between regionalization and regionalism?
Regionalization and regionalism are two terms that describe the same
Regionalism is a politically-driven process, regionalization emerges
Regionalization requires political planning, regionalism is bottom-up
Regionalization focuses on culture and identity, regionalism on economics
11
Which theory emphasizes the influence of the intl' structure, such as the distribution of power, on state behavior?
Liberalism
Realism
Constructivism
Neorealism
12
Which security concept focuses on the root causes and addresses multidimensional security issues?
Comprehensive security
Human security
Widened security
Securitization of problems
13
In the field of international relations, Neoclassical Realism is considered to add explanatory power to Neorealism by:
Emphasizing power distribution and capabilities
Incorporating domestic factors and perceptions in the analysis
Highlighting the role of institutions and norms against systemic factors
Prioritizing military strength for security
14
What is the main role of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)?
Providing collective defense and security to its members
Advancing economic cooperation and integration among its member states
Serves as a platform for diplomatic negotiations and conflict resolution
Providing humanitarian aid and disaster relief operations worldwide
15
The theory that a dominant power ensures stability by establishing rules and institutions is called:
Liberal Institutionalism
Balance of Power theory
Hegemonic Stability Theory
Constructivism
16
Constructivism in international relations emphasizes:
The notion that every aspect of life is socially constructed, also IR
Ideas, norms, and actors' identities
Economic interdependence and trade
The role of non-state actors
17
Which IR theory emphasizes the importance of non-state actors and complex interdependence?
Liberalism
Realism
Constructivism
Neoclassical realism
18
The concept of "anarchical international system" primarily refers to:
An international state of global chaos and disorder
A system where not every state follows enforces laws
A system without a global government or an overarching authority
A system where all states are equal in their soverignty
19
Which statement best describes Mercosur?
Mercosur is a regional trade bloc promoting economic integration
Mercosur aims to promote political integration and supranational governance
Mercosur includes a military alliance among South American countries
Mercosur favors informality and avoids institutions: the Mercosur Way
20
Which concept refers to framing a specific issue as a threat or national security concern?
Delegitimization
Institutionalization of threats
Securitization
Normalization
21
Bandwagoning, in the context of international relations, refers to:
The adoption of policies and ideologies of a dominant state to gain benefit
The pursuit of relative gains in power and influence among competing states
The formation of alliances among weak states to balance against the strong
Engaging in diplomatic negotiations to resolve conflicts peacefully
22
According to the concept of hegemonic stability theory, a hegemon provides stability in the international system by:
Designing the system in its own interests
Balancing power with other states
Sharing its power equally with other states
Promoting cooperative institutions among states
23
What the MAIN driver behind Russia's interest in the Arctic region?
Expansion of economic ties with China
Military presence and control
Climate change mitigation
Access to natural resources and expansion of trade routes
24
Which of the following statements best describes security challenges in East Asia?
High levels of institutionalization favor regional stability & cooperation
ASEAN has succesfully helped solve all territorial disputes in the region
EA's security challenges are primarily driven by external actors
Weak institutionalization contributes to security challenges and tensions
25
Are Peacekeeping Operations (PKOs) explicitly mentioned in the United Nations Charter?
The United Nations Charter explicitly prohibits the establishment of PKOs
Yes, PKOs are outlined in the Charter as a mechanism for peace and security
No, PKOs are not mentioned in the Charter, but have evolved as a practice
PKOs are mentioned in the Charter, but scope and functions not defined
26
The modern notion of international relations is often associated with
The end of WWII and the onset of Cold War dynamics
The establishment of the League of Nations
The Roman Empire
The Treaty of Westphalia
27
The logic of appropriateness emphasizes decision-making based on:
Power and material capabilities
Norms, values, and social norms
Rational self-interest calculations
Expected outcomes and consequences
28
What is the Dutch Disease?
Economic decline due to natural resource dominance
The economic decline experienced by the Netherlands between 1966 and 1968
Agricultural export dependence causing industrial stagnation
Excessive wealth from resource exports causing currency appreciation
29
The Korean War, fought from 1950 to 1953, ended with an armistice that resulted in:
The establishment of a demilitarized zone separating North and South Korea
A decisive victory for North Korea and its allies
The agreement to reunify North and South Korea
The withdrawal of all foreign forces from the Korean Peninsula
30
What are the challenges faced by the EU in its external action?
Lack of coordination among member states
Limited legal instruments for the Common Foreign and Security Policy
Member states have different interests with regards to some key issues
Reluctance of member states to relinquish control over foreign policy
31
Which of the following is true about the Democratic Peace Theory?
Liberal. Posits that democracies do not go to war against each other
Constructivist. Suggests democracies don't wage war to spread ideology
Proposes democracies are likely to engage only in trade wars
Realist. Asserts democracies don't fight each other due to balance of power
32
Which external actor supports Assad in Syria to stop revolutions and break US hegemony in the region?
Iran
Turkey
Russia
Israel
33
What significant changes have occurred in China's foreign policy since the leadership of Xi Jinping?
Increased assertiveness and a departure from a low-profile approach
Reduction in economic engagement with other countries
Shift towards a more decentralized decision-making process
Greater emphasis on global cooperation and diplomacy
34
Which factors shape dynamics of power between two actors according to the concept of relational power in IR?
Economic resources and GDP
Intersubjective perceptions and the relationship itself
Leadership qualities and charisma
Military capabilities and technological advancements
35
What is the main rationale behind Russia's control of its sphere of interest?
Promotion of democratic values
Economic benefits
Fear of Western incursions
Desire for regional dominance
36
What is a key aspect of liberal hegemony?
Dominating and controlling other states
Maintaining a balance of power among states
Embedding power in institutions
Using military force to impose its will
37
The concept of "sticky power" in institutions refers to:
The ability of powerful states to dominate and control intl' institutions
The influence of non-state actors in shaping institutional policies
The capacity of institutions to distribute power equitably among states
When a state embeds power on institutions, it becomes harder to reduce
38
What is a direct link between globalization and the rise of crime in Africa?
Facilitating global flows and deregulation of finance can make crime thrive
Further weakened authority and control in fragile states
Enabling the proliferation of private security companies
Due to the limited ability of states to deal with sovereignty-free actors
39
Which of the following is the deadliest conflicts since WWII? (despite difficulties to obtain clear figures)
The Arab-Israeli conflict
The Gulf War
The Syrian Civil War
The conflict in the Dem. Rep. of the Congo
40
Which of the following is NOT considered a component of material power according to the Realist thinkers?
Geographic factors and natural resources
Military capabilities and technology
Economic resources and trade dependencies
Soft power and cultural influence
41
How does the EU function as a foreign policy actor?
Represents the will of the member states, with the HR playing key role
A centralized decision-making body determines its foreign policy
The EU does not have a significant role in global affairs
Mainly as a military power, coordinating defense initiatives among members
42
Which of the following is NOT a primary focus of International Relations as a field of study?
The analysis of states' domestic policy in isolation from global dynamics
The study of conflicts and cooperation between nations
The examination of global economic transactions and trade relations
The study of conflicts and cooperation between nations
43
The end of the Cold War led to:
A balanced world order with the emergence of new Great Powers
A bipolar world order, only with China replacing the USSR
A unipolar world order, although we are probably past the 'unipolar moment'
A multipolar world order, as before WWI
44
The United States' engagement in Europe during the Cold War involved providing public goods. What is an example?
Economic aid for post-war reconstruction
Trade restrictions to protect domestic industries
Cultural exchange programs
Military occupation of Germany
45
According to Realism, which of the following is NOT a primary concern for states in an anarchical international system?
Promoting cultural dominance
Maintaining a balance of power
Enhancing military capabilities
Security and survival
46
According to John Mearsheimer, bipolarity in the international system contributes to:
Formation of regional alliances and security blocs
Proliferation of nuclear weapons and arms races
Increased competition and instability among the two major powers
Enhanced stability and reduced likelihood of major conflicts
47
Francis Fukuyama's thesis about the "End of History" suggests that:
History is cyclical and repeats itself indefinitely
History reached its final stage with the triumph of liberal democracy
History is determined by economic factors
History is shaped by cultural and religious conflicts
48
What is the status of China's soft power in global affairs?
Its soft power has been growing but still lags behind other major powers
China does not prioritize or invest in soft power initiatives
China has successfully built a strong soft power presence worldwide
China's soft power has declined in recent years
49
The US policy of Cold War containment, was first articulated in a famous document by:
George F. Kennan
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Harry S. Truman
Winston Churchill
50
Polarity in international relations refers to:
The level of cooperation and trust between states in a regional alliance
The presence of many actors competing for resources in the global economy
The extent to which international organizations influence state behavior
The distribution of power among states in the international system
51
Where does the divide between Sunni and Shia Muslims stem from?
Geographic location
Different relationships with Allah
Clerical hierarchy
Support for different caliphs
52
What is the purpose of the European Defense Agency?
Pool and share military equipment for increased effectiveness
Establish a European Army, as claimed by MEP Nigel Farage
Conduct peacekeeping missions in conflict zones
Enhance EU's trade and aid policies
53
Which historical event is often referred in China as the beginning of its "Century of Humiliation"?
The Sino-Japanese War of the late 19th and early 20th centuries
The Opium Wars of the mid-1800s
The fall of the Qing Empire in 1912
The Chinese Civil War that ended in 1949
54
What does the term "ASEAN Way" refer to?
The guiding principles and norms that shape ASEAN's decision-making style
The economic policies implemented by ASEAN to promote regional trade
The dominant political ideology of ASEAN member states
The official language used in ASEAN meetings and communications
55
Which of the following concepts relates to the expansion of a state's influence over space and territory?
The Complex Interdependence theory in the liberal paradigm
The constructivist concept of Securitization
The Power Transition theory in the realist paradigm
The concept of Geopolitics, most used in both realism and liberalism
56
What are some key characteristics shared by regionalism in the EU and the ASEAN?
Both prioritize military alliances and collective defense
Both prioritize political integration and supranational governance
Both prioritize cultural homogeneity and identity preservation
Both prioritize economic integration and free trade
57
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of today's conflicts?
Regular soldiers are very much the main actors
Use of child soldiers and war economies
Ethnicity is as a factor
Political-territorial disputes between states still exist
58
According to liberalism, states focus on achieving:
Balanced outcomes through cooperation
Power parity with other states
Absolute gains for themselves
Relative gains in comparison to other states
59
Why do we say post-2003 Iraq is a paramount example of the failure of externally-driven liberal peace?
Lack of security, services, and rebuilding undermined credibility
Failed to address social, economic, and institutional challenges
Imposed Western-style democracy disregarded tensions and fractured society
Led to power vacuum, sectarian conflicts, and rise of extremism in Iraq
60
What is a key characteristic of offensive realism?
Support for the existing balance of power and non-revisionist actions
Focus on maintaining the status quo and territorial defens
Advocacy for cooperative international institutions
Emphasis on power projection and expansionist behavior
61
During the 1970s, which theoretical perspective gained prominence in IR, challenging the dominance of Realism?
Marxism
Constructivism
Neo-realism
Liberalism
62
What are some key factors contributing to the complexity of the Israel-Palestine conflict?
Settler colonialism and land expropriation
Historical claims and narratives
Security concerns and threats
External involvement and geopolitical interests
63
The Afghan conflict during the CW, where U.S. supported resistance fighters against Soviet occupation, is an example of:
Asymmetric Warfare
A Proxy War
Peaceful Coexistence
The failure of Liberal peacebuilding
64
As of 2023, can China project its military power beyond its region?
Yes, like the US, China can already project its military power globally
No, China's military power is limited to neighboring region
China's military power is not relevant in today's global dynamics
It depends on the specific context and circumstances
