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HSCI Exam Review 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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HSCI Exam Review 1
HSCI Exam Review 1
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1
What correlation coefficient would best describe this figure?
0.2
0.8
-1
2.0
2
What is the best definition of a parameter?
Parameters are the rules of a statistical test
Parameters represent population values
Parameters represent sample values
Parameters are guidelines
3
How does increasing the sample size impact a distribution?
The distribution approximates a normal curve
Results become more trustworthy
Standard error of the mean increases
Sample size has no impact on distribution properties
4
What type of bias are you most concerned about with this study design?
Survivorship bias
Recall bias
Sampling bias
Response bias
5
Which of the following is a cause of the replication crisis?
Preregistration of studies
HARKing
Open Science
Non-probability sampling
6
Select the best definition of within group variability in an ANOVA.
The distance between means of the groups being compared
The variability within an ANOVA as a whole
The numerator of the F ratio
The measure of variability within each group
7
If the assumption of normality is violated in a Pearson's product moment, what is the best alternative?
Chi square
Interclass correlation coefficient
Logistic regression
Spearman rank correlation
8
When would you use post-hoc comparisons tests, such as Tukey's HSD?
When you reject the omnibus null hypothesis of an ANOVA
When you are conducting a two-way mixed ANOVA
Whenever you are comparing multiple groups
When there are significant differences between independent groups only
9
Why do we recommend against running multiple t tests when comparing 3 or more groups? Select the best answer.
Increases type I error
Difficult to interpret the output
Increases type II error
Statistical software won't allow you to run it
10
What type of graph would best display Jordan's data?
Box plot
Culmulative frequency polygon
Histogram
Line Graph
11
Consider the following data set, what would be the best measure of central tendency?
Median
Mean
Mode
Range
12
What analysis could you use to compare the rater's scores?
Test retest reliability
Spearman rank correlation
Intra-rater reliability
Inter-rater reliability
13
A complement represents the probability of an event not occurring.
True
False
14
What is the range of this data set?
145 cm to 183 cm
155 cm to 138 cm
129 cm to 200 cm
159 cm +/- 24 cm
15
Interval variables contain a true zero
True
False
16
A researcher compares whether Ca predicts vitamin D levels in mice of similar ages. What is the response variable?
vitamin D
Age
mice
Calcium
17
the following figure displays a homoscedastic data set
False
True
18
Which of the following is often used frame data?
Variance instead of standard deviation
Absolute values
Relative values
Median as an average
19
What does it mean when a 95% confidence interval for an independent t test contains 0?
95% confident the two means fall within the 2 standard deviations of 0
95% confident the true population equals 0
95% confident the groups are not different
95% confident the groups are different
20
Which of the following are mutually exclusive events?
Being an only child and having siblings
Walking to work and owning a car
Pulling a King from a card deck and pulling a heart from a deck of cards
Having blue eyes and having black hair
21
Identify one key difference between the t distribution and the normal distribution.
The t distribution is used for binomial events
The t distribution is for sample sizes > 30
The t distribution is defined by its degrees of freedom
The t distribution has a greater area than the normal distribution
22
In a study on Canadian undergraduate students' habitual use of marijuana, Queen's University students would be:
the independent variable
the statistic
the population
the sample
23
What is the best definition of the degrees of freedom?
The number of standard deviations from the mean
The total number of observations in a population minus one
The total number of observations in a sample
The number of observations that are free to vary
24
Which box plot correctly summarizes the data?
Figure 3
Figure 1
Figure 2
25
What is the best description of the omnibus null hypothesis in an ANOVA?
All groups are different from one another
No differences between any of the groups
All statistical assumptions are met
At least one difference between the groups
26
What is true about the sampling strategy of Mark and Barb?
Both are using non-random sampling
Both are using random sampling
Mark is using non-random sampling, and Barb is using random sampling
Mark is using random sampling, and Barb is using non-random sampling
27
What measure of central tendency is most sensitive to extreme values?
Median
Standard Deviation
Mean
Mode
28
What analysis would you use to compare the ratings on the three ads?
Kruskal Wallis
Repeated Measures ANOVA
Friedman
One-way ANOVA
29
Which of the following statistical tests can be used to compare a population to a sample?
Unpaired t test
One sample t test
Fisher's Exact Test
Wilcoxon Signed Rank
30
Using the table below, what is the probability of someone has used a cell phone while driving?
65%
40%
37%
9%
31
What is Q2 of the following data set?
5.835 s
3.905 s
14.85 s
6.405 s
32
Absolute frequencies tables are used to show what?
descriptive statistics
observations within a certain interval or category
none of the above
percentage of observations within a certain interval
33
What is the best measure of variability to use alongside the mean?
Variance
Interquartile range
Standard deviation
Range
34
What analysis would you want to use to compare these groups?
One-way ANOVA
Independent t test
Two-way ANOVA
One-way repeated measures ANOVA
35
Which of the following is used to correct for broken sphericity?
Tukey's
Greenhouse Geisser
Shapiro-Wilk
Bonferroni
36
In which of the following scenarios would you want to conduct a McNemar's test?
compare proportions between 2+ groups with <5 observations in each cell
compare proportions between 2+ groups with >5 observations in each cell
To compare proportions between two or more dependent groups
To compare means of two independent groups
37
Growth charts are an example of what type of graph?
Histogram
Culmulative frequency polygon
Two-way scatter plot
Absolute frequency polygon
38
Using the statistical output, how would you interpret the results of this regression analysis?
No significant relationship between the two variables
87% of variance in variable B is explained by variable A
Y intercept value of .749
76% of variance in variable B is explained by variable A
39
Which of the following would be the best measure of spread for a study evaluating quality of life on a 1-5 scale?
Interquartile Range
Standard error
Variance
Standard deviation
40
Which of the following statements are true with respect to ordinal data?
The numbers represent actual measureable quantities
The order of the values have meaning
The numbers represent catergories
The distance between values can be calculated
41
What term(s) best describe the shape of the distribution shown in Figure 4?
Multimodal
Bimodal asymmetric
Unimodal positive skew
Bimodal symmetric
42
Which of the following tests can be used to check for equal variance in a one-way ANOVA?
Tukey's
Mauchly's
Levene's
Greenhouse Geisser
43
Assuming the data are scale and normally distributed, what statistical analysis would you use?
Dependent two sample t test
Wilcoxon signed rank
Mann Whitney U
Independent two sample t test
44
You conduct a 2-sided z test. You arrive at a p value of .003. How would you interpret this data?
Accept the alternative hypothesis
Fail to reject the null hypothesis
Accept the null hypothesis
Reject the null hypothesis
45
What is the best description of the chi square distribution?
Left skewed
Bell-shaped
Uniform
Right skewed
46
What is the best description of a type I error?
Rejecting the null when the null is true
The complement of the beta
Failing to reject the null when the null is true
A false negative finding
47
Pearson correlations measure what?
The amount of variance explained by the response variable
The average across multiple trials
The strength and direction of a relationship between two variables
The shape of the line (i.e., linear versus curved)
48
Identify the independent variable in the figure (cannot be displayed)
Smoking prevalence
Daily and non-daily smokers
Province
Smoking percentage
49
What is the best description of a 95% confidence interval?
95% of the time the population mean will fall in that range
5% chance of a type II error
95% confident the true population mean falls in that range
95% of the values fall within that range
50
Which statistical test is most appropriate?
Wilcoxon Signed Rank
Unpaired t test
Mann Whitney U
Paired t test
