stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
AP Psych Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
163 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
25 plays
#appsychology
Flashcards
163 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
163
Answers
1
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
size of the group
placebo effect
2
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
3
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
autism
4
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
standardized
achievement
triarchic
projective
5
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
6
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
episodic memory
recall
7
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
8
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
variances
normally distributed
outliers
9
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
need for achievement
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
extrinsic motivation
10
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
11
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
unconscious conflicts
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
12
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
sight
touch
hearing
balance
13
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
14
The WISC is a...
none of these
Intelligence test
personality test
Personality inventory
15
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
schizophrenic
personality
anixety
16
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
17
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
cerebellum
medulla
amygdala
hypothalamus
18
Which is most directly involved speed of the electrical signal?
myelin
terminal button
synaptic cleft
neurotransmiters
19
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
dispositional
social
situational
20
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
21
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
case study
experiment
correlation study
22
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
23
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
token economy
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
24
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
25
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
26
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
27
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
nonessential subjects like art and music
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
environmental factors that influence intelligence
28
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
Moro
Babinski
stepping
29
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
group polarization
groupthink
deindividuation
30
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
31
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
32
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
33
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
hearing high frequencies
34
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
35
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
36
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
language acquisition device
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
37
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
dissociation
antagonists
tolerance
38
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
39
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
sublimation
modeling
mirror neurons
40
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
token economies
REBT
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
41
What number will tell that two variables have a strong relationship?
probability
a mean that is the same as the median
correlation coeifficient
standard deviation
42
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
hippocampus
medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
43
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
single blind study
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
44
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
45
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
attachment
assimilation
motor development
46
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
47
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
principle of continuity
gender schema theory
linguistic relativity hypothesis
the social role hypothesis
48
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
counterconditioning
latent learning
insight learning
49
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
assimilation
accommodation
habituation
50
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
planning for the future
51
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
medulla
sensory cortex
52
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
self-serving bias
in-group bias
compliance strategies
53
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
puberty
early 20s
late 40s
54
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
myelination of brain neurons
early gross motor practice
55
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
social psychology
psychometrics
positive psychology
56
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
57
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
58
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
59
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
60
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
61
the somatic nervous system is part of the
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
62
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they involve more research participants than other studies
63
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
64
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
65
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
66
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
performing a task and receiving food
67
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
framing effects
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
68
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
aptitude test
achievement test
EQ test
69
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
MRI
EEG
rTMS
70
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
71
which structure is part of the inner ear
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
auditory canal
malleus (hammer)
72
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
semantic memory
73
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the law of effect
social learning theory
latent learning
the overjustification effect
74
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
75
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Sigmund Freud
B.F. Skinner
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
76
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
77
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
lithium
L-Dopa
78
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
psychodynamic
humanistic
cognitive
79
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
80
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
predictive validity
split-half reliability
content validity
81
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
82
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
linear perspective
retinal disparity
convergence
83
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
84
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
85
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
frequency theory
transduction theory
86
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
superordinate goals
deindividuation
group polarization
87
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
88
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
just world bias
Barnum effect
89
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
90
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
feature detectors
optic chiasm
fovea
91
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
92
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
median
standard deviation
mean
93
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
procedural memory
94
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
disinhibition
social facilitation
social roles
95
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
96
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
97
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
a mental set
belief perseverance
98
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
temperament
environment
family
culture
99
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
100
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
inferiority complexes
functional fixedness
repressed memories
archetypes
101
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
long-term potentiation
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
proactive interference
102
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
103
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
bottom up processing
104
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
105
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
106
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
mere-exposure effect
central route persuasion
107
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
grapheme
holobase
morpheme
108
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
anal stage
oral stage
latency period
109
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
110
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
stereotyping
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
111
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
median
standard deviation
mean
112
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
conscious level and non conscious level
manifest content and latent content
role theory and dissociation theory
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
113
When Wade is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Wade is not late again
modeling
negative reinforcement
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
114
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
115
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
object permanence
attachment
universal ethical principles
116
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
write with a pencil
clap their hands
say a sentence
cut with a knife
117
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
118
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
talking to a patient
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
119
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
120
Lou believes he is capable of succeeding in nursing school. His mindset is associated with
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
low self-esteem
121
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
neuroticism
openness
extraversion
122
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
123
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
124
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
125
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
postconventional
theory Y
James-Lange
approach-avoidance
126
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
a theory
hindsight bias
overconfidence
127
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cornea
optic nerve
rods
cones
128
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
social-cognitive
trait
psychoanalyst
129
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
internal
fundamental
situational
130
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
131
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
132
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
133
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
partial
primary
secondary
continuous
134
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
construct validity
aptitude measures
standardization
135
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : decrease
136
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
parenting style
137
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
138
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
make new friends
go for a run
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
139
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
trait
humanistic
cognitive
140
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
brain injury
relearning effect
leading questions
proactive interference
141
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
reciprocity norm
142
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
143
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
behavioral
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
cognitive
144
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
145
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
variable interval
continuous
fixed variable
146
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
iris
blind spot
fovea
147
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
personalities
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
148
An EEG of Lin during dreaming would most likely show
delta waves
NREM
beta waves and delta waves
sleep spindles and k complexes
149
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
developmental study
social-cognitive study
150
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Broca's area
Wernicke's area
hippocampus
Gage's area
151
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
structuralist
behavioral
cognitive
152
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
be able to take another person's perspective
have been exposed to good, moral role models
153
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
sublimation
projection
reaction formation
154
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
155
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
psychoanalytic
humanistic
biological
156
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
157
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
hearing
smell
sight
158
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random assignment
assignment to conditions
random sampling
159
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
160
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
absolute threshold
161
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
achieving physiological homeostasis
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
162
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
dopamine
adrenaline
serotonin
163
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
biological
humanistic