Idea that physiological needs create arousal, which motivates organism to satisfy the need:

drive-reduction theory of motivation

All of the following are generally agreed upon human motivators except:

need to put needs of others before needs of self

All of the following are ways to increase your happiness except:

seek work that pays the most money

Selye's concept of body's adaptive response to stress; phases of alarm, resistance, exhaustion.

general adaptation syndrome (GAS)

During a crisis, your ANS directs adrenal glands to release stress hormones _____ & _____ .

epinephrine/adrenaline & norepinephrine/noradrenaline

Some emotions take "the low road." What does this mean?

some emotions bypass the cortex, go directly to the amygdala

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AP Psych Unit 4 (Myers Ch. 8): Motivation, Emotion, Stress & Health

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AP Psychology, Myers textbook, Ch. 8 Motivation, Emotion, Stress & Health Review

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Questions 87

Answers

1
Perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves:
adaptation-level phenomenon
relative deprivation
social inequality
cultural bias
2
Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life.
feel-good, do-good phenomenon
happiness
well-being
rosy retrospection
3
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior:
positive reinforcement
reward
incentive
positive punishment
4
At the top of Maslow's hierarchy of needs:
self-actualization needs
safety needs
self-transcendence needs
physiological needs
5
Theory that one's feeling of fear FOLLOWS the body's response to a stimulus:
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
Two-Factor
Drive-Reduction
6
When you need to be aroused, your __________ takes control.
central nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
brainstem
sympathetic nervous system
7
Idea that physiological needs create arousal, which motivates organism to satisfy the need:
instinct theory
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Freudian theory
drive-reduction theory of motivation
8
Secreted by empty stomach; sends "I'm hungry" signals to the brain:
orexin
ghrelin
insulin
leptin
9
Overeating episodes, followed by feelings of distress, disgust, or guilt; but no purging etc.
apnea
binge-eating disorder
bulimia nervosa
anorexia nervosa
10
All of the following are generally agreed upon human motivators except:
need for social belonging
need to satisfy sex drive
need to satisfy hunger
need to put needs of others before needs of self
11
The process by which we perceive & respond to certain events that we consider to be challenging
microexpressions
motivation
emotion
stress
12
True or False: Individuals'sexual desires are impacted by internal & external stimuli.
true
false
13
All of the following are ways to increase your happiness except:
seek work that pays the most money
take control of your time
don't link happiness with money
be actively grateful
14
Brain researcher Simon LeVay found biological differences in the _______ of homo/heterosexuals.
hypothalamus
thalamus
amygdala
cerebellum
15
True or false: On a diet, fat cells may shrink in size, but their number does not decrease.
true
false
16
Theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of physiological responses to stimuli:
James-Lange Theory
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory
Two-Factor Theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
17
4 stages, described by Masters & Johnson: excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution:
optimal arousal
sexual response cycle
sexuality scale
refractory period
18
Eating disorder; episodes or overeating, followed by self-induced vomiting or overexercising:
binge-eating disorder
general adaptation syndrome
bulimia nervosa
anorexia nervosa
19
True or False: Research studies have found no gender discrimination in hiring based on weight.
True
False
20
Form of sugar that circulates in bloom; provides major source of energy for body tissues.
estrogen
sucrose
glucose
hemoglobin
21
The body's resting rate of energy expenditure.
set point
optimal arousal
basal metabolic rate
basal body temperature
22
Selye's concept of body's adaptive response to stress; phases of alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
sexual response cycle
PYY
anorexia nervosa
general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
23
Peoples' tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood:
feel-good, do-good phenomenon
catharsis
well-being
mood congruent memory
24
Anorexia Nervosa is, perhaps, evidence that ___________ doesn´t always apply:
Maslowś hierarchy of needs
Freudian theory
drive-reduction theory
instinct theory
25
Second up from bottom on Maslow's hierarchy of needs:
physiological needs
safety needs
self-esteem needs
belongingness & love needs
26
Asserts that your heart begins pounding AS you experience fear, not BEFORE:
Cannon-Bard theory
Maslow's theory
James-Lange theory
Two-Factor theory
27
True or False: Current scientific research suggests that one's sexuality is a choice.
True
False
28
True or False: Emotions differ more in brain circuit activity than in physiological cues.
False
True
29
True or False: Evidence indicates a genetic influence on sexual orientation.
false
true
30
During a crisis, your ANS directs adrenal glands to release stress hormones _____ & _____ .
glucose; leptin
oxygen; melatonin
epinephrine/adrenaline & norepinephrine/noradrenaline
leptin; ghrelin
31
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species & is unlearned:
instinct
emotion
conditioned stimulus
conditioned response
32
Tendency to maintain balanced or constant internal state; regulation of body chemistry:
drive-reduction theory
homeostasis
set point
physiological needs
33
Arousal following a soccer game can fuel anger, leading to rioting, exemplifies...
the spillover effect
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
the two-factor theory of emotion
the serial position effect
34
Subfield of psychology; psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine.
health psychology
physical therapy
behavioral medicine
biopsychosocial approach
35
According to Maslow, if one's biological & safety needs are met, next one seeks to satisfy:
need to live up to one's fullest potential
increasing self-confidence
need to put others before oneself
need for social belonging
36
Concluded that our physiological arousal & emotional experience occur simultaneously:
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
Instinct Theory
Two-Factor
37
Integrates behavioral & medical knowledge & applies knowledge to health & disease.
evolutionary theory
behavioral medicine
health psychology
stress
38
Eating behaviors are influenced by all of the following except:
biology
psychology
the hippocampus
culture
39
Most important of the male sex hormones; both males & females have it, but males have more:
testosterone
estrogen
leptin
PYY
40
Effect of facial expressions on emotions; when a facial expression intensifies the emotion.
optimal arousal
facial feedback
two-factor theory
instinct theory
41
Term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, anger & stress-prone people
Type B
Type A
42
The right hemispheres of homosexual women & heterosexual men have been found to be...
lesioned
equal in size
smaller in size
larger in size
43
This theory of emotion includes a cognitive label:
opponent-process
Cannon-Bard
Schachter-Singer (two-factor)
James-Lange
44
Some emotions take "the low road." What does this mean?
some emotions bypass the cortex, go directly to the amygdala
we sometimes feel guilty about our emotional responses
some emotions bypass limbic system, go directly to cortex
we are able to label some emotions very quickly
45
According to this theory, our emotions have two ingredients: Physical arousal & cognitive label
Schachter-Singer
Drive-Reduction
James-Lange
Cannon-Bard
46
True or False: Teens who engage in community service projects tend to delay sexual activity.
true
false
47
The emotional control center in the brain's limbic system:
frontal lobe
amygdala
medulla
thalamus
48
True or False: There are examples of homosexual behaviors in non-human species.
True
False
49
Emotional release:
happiness
feel-good, do-good phenomenon
catharsis
facial feedback
50
True or False: Religion has very little impact on sexual activity.
True
False
51
Resting period after orgasm; man cannot achieve another orgasm.
excitement
refractory period
orgasm
plateau
52
Mix of physical arousal, expressive behaviors, and consciously experienced thoughts:
motivation
needs
drives
emotion
53
According to Myers, why do cultures located in hot climates eat/enjoy spicy foods?
this is just a stereotype
spices cure diseases
no one understands why this is
spices inhibit bacteria
54
One issue that creates debate around studying emotion is that...
multiple emotions "look" the same but "feel" different
the English language can't name/label every emotion
males & females have completely different emotions
every emotion appears physically distinctive to onlookers
55
True or False: Psychological & social-cultural factors play a bigger role in sex than hunger.
false
true
56
A machine used to detect lies; measures several physiological responses accompanying emotion:
EEG
MRI
fMRI
polygraph
57
The underlying assumption that genes predispose members of species to certain behaviors:
instinct theory/evolution
psychoanalysis
drive-reduction theory
social learning
58
True or False: Research has found no negative impacts of sexually explicit images/video.
False
True
59
Secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose:
insulin
orexin
ghrelin
leptin
60
True or False: Like hunger, sexual motivation is influenced by the body, the mind, and culture.
false
true
61
An individual´s enduring sexual attraction towards members of own sex or opposite sex.
sexual orientation
gender identity
sexual motivation
sexual response cycle
62
True or False: Adolescent females are the most common group to suffer from anorexia nervosa.
true
false
63
A need or desire that energizes & directions behavior:
arousal
emotion
motivation
stress
64
Tendency to form judgments relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience:
relative deprivation
adaptation-level phenomenon
prejudice
confirmation bias
65
Curiosity, exploration, riding roller-coasters, watching horror films… All demonstrate...
theory of optimal arousal
evidence in support of Maslow
Freudian slips
drive-reduction theory
66
True or False: Research has shown polygraphs to be highly reliable tools in crime investigation
False
True
67
Negative emotions tend to be linked to ________ , while positive emotions are linked to _______
the limbic system; the endocrine system
the right hemisphere; the left hemisphere
the brain; the body
the left hemisphere; the right hemisphere
68
True or False: Teens with higher intelligence more often delay sexual activity.
False
True
69
Research suggests that _____________ may influence sexual orientation.
prenatal hormones
intelligence
personality
native language
70
Point at which person's weight is supposedly naturally set; body tries to maintain that weight:
homeostasis
set point
basal metabolic rate
optimal weight
71
Friedman & Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people:
Type A
Type B
72
When a crisis passes, the __________ division of your ANS takes over, calming your body.
central nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
73
True or False: Eating disorders are most commonly found in females from ¨Western¨ cultures.
True
False
74
Hunger-triggering hormone secreted by the hypothalamus:
leptin
orexin
neurotransmitter
ghrelin
75
"Sister hormone" to ghrelin; sends out fullness signal that suppresses hunger:
obestatin
PYY
glucose
leptin
76
Researchers have found that happy people have all of the following except...
optimism
children
close, healthy relationships
high self-esteem
77
Eating disorder; a person diets & becomes significantly underweight, yet continues to feel fat:
bulimia nervosa
obesity
binge-eating disorder
anorexia nervosa
78
Sex hormones (e.x. estradiol) secreted in greater amounts by females than males.
orexin
leptin
testosterone
estrogens
79
"Mind-body illness." Any stress-related physical illness (e.g. hypertension, some headaches).
body dysmorphic disorder
none of these options is correct
psychophysiological illness
eating disorder
80
The __________ mobilizes your body for action & calms it down when the crisis passes.
parasympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
81
Clogging of blood vessels that nourish the heart muscle:
anorexia
coronary heart disease
cardiac arrest
stress
82
Secreted by fat cells; when abundant, causes brain to increase metabolism & you feel full:
cortisol
glucose
leptin
ghrelin
83
Hormone in digestive tract; sends "I'm not hungry" signals to the brain:
insulin
ghrelin
PYY
glucose
84
When ___________ is low, we feel hunger.
testosterone
oxygen
glucose
leptin
85
True or False: Studies show that males respond at much higher rates than females to pornography
false
true
86
Pyramid of human needs, increasing in importance from bottom up; lower level needs come first:
Two Factor Theory
hierarchy of needs
Maslow's drive reduction theory
James-Lange Theory
87
Sometimes the thalamus routes sensory input to the ________ for analysis.
cortex
hypothalamus
occipital lobe
amygdala

AP Psych Unit 4 (Myers Ch. 8): Motivation, Emotion, Stress & Health Flashcards | StudBud