Final Exam

Question 1

What are the rates of person age 25 to 29 years old with "Bachelor's or Higher Degree" by race/ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

Asian: 78%, White 56%, Black 36% and Hispanic 34%.

Question 2

What three factors are most important for securing college-level careers?

Accepted Answer

What a person studies determines their odds of getting a college level career track, Interships, First job

Question 3

What percentage of the non-agricultural labor force is currently unionized in the US?

Accepted Answer

10%

Question 4

What are the disadvantages of union decline? 2

Accepted Answer

Fewer workers enjoy better wages and better non-wage compensation., More than 83% of union workers have employer provided health insurance

Question 5

According to the US department of Laborwhat are the estimated employment related costs for mothers providing unpaid care

Accepted Answer

Researchers found that the estimated employement related costs for mothers proving unpair 29500

Question 6

According to Phill Gramm and John Early, what three factors explain the gender wage gap in nom-discrimination terms? (3)

Accepted Answer

The gap is the natural economic result of choices men and women take, Workers earning power increases as they gain more experience, Women and men also make different choices in terms of occupational and educ

Question 7

According to Philipand Chris why are employersplace greatest emphasison soft skills-most to hv negative black men worker

Accepted Answer

views were informed, in part by racial stereotypes, we argue that the negative view of employers are a complicated combination of stereotypes.

Question 8

What is cultural schemas?

Accepted Answer

Beliefs about when men and women are good at and what they should do

Question 9

What are the rate of formal educational attainment for men and women?

Accepted Answer

Males: 37% have an AA, 41% have a BA, 35% have a MA, 41% have a Phd, Females: 63% have an AA, 59% have a BA, 65% have a MA, 59% have a Phd

Question 10

Why was there been a resurgence of referrals as a method for recruiting new-hires?

Accepted Answer

Software promised to democratize hiring by reducing human biases, now his technology., Frustration with the digital slog that bogs down US hiring.

Question 11

What are some strategies businesses use to prevent labor unionization? choose more than one

Accepted Answer

Management has used the matching strategy providing employees with the same rewards as unionize, Company management sometimes chooses to break the law by firing pro-union workers, Is to conduct tough but legal campaigns against unions to convince workers that they should not

Question 12

What is gendered job segregation?

Accepted Answer

The practice of filing occupation with mostly male or mostly female workers.

Question 13

What percentage of American workers want union representation?

Accepted Answer

An estimated 44% of workers want union representation

Question 14

Why have thousand of unionized Starbucks workers gone on strike during red cup day?

Accepted Answer

The last two years, thosand of unionized starbucks workers have gone on strike during red cupda

Question 15

What is the median income per household by race/ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

Asian: $108,700. White: $81,060. Hispanic: $62,800 and Black $52,860

Question 16

How does gendered job segregation contribute to the gender gay pay?

Accepted Answer

Wages are more likely to erode over time in occupational that have disproportionately high perc, Both women and men suffer wage penalties when they work in predominantly female jobs

Question 17

Which groups are more likely to favor union representation?

Accepted Answer

Those who favor union representation are those whose labor market positions, Workers with less formal education and members of minority groups

Question 18

What are four theories or hypothesis that explain the concentratio of men and women in different occupations? choose 2

Accepted Answer

Socialization hypothesis and Desertion hypothesis., Network hypothesis and Employer selection hypotheis

Question 19

What are the benefits of labor union membership? choose 2

Accepted Answer

Increase in wage and non-wage compensation., Income, job security, paid vacations, pension plans, health insurece.

Question 20

How have employment relationship or arrangements changed over time? Many answers

Accepted Answer

It became increasingly attractive for firms to contract our activities, Not only has there been a shift in occupational demand, There can be little doubt that the phenomenon of contigent work

Question 21

According to Laura Rivera, what three process of cultural matching are used by employers to evaluate candidates?

Accepted Answer

Similarities contributed to greater under understandings and valuation of, Organizational process encourage selection on cultural fit, between firm/ap, Cultural similarities affected hiring evaluation through affective processe

Question 22

What groups of workers have higher levels of exposure to AI?

Accepted Answer

Workers with a bachelor's degree or more (27%) are more than twice as likely as those with HS

Question 23

In what two important ways do online platform/gig work differ?

Accepted Answer

Control over what does on the job, Online platforms differ in their amount of control over the worker

Question 24

Why do Vallas et al. Argue that occupational disparities cannot be explained by levels of human capital one?

Accepted Answer

Studied have consistently revealed racial disparities in the distribution j, Supply-side accounts neglect demand side factors.

Question 25

How was the pandemic affected americans' attitudes toward work and employment?

Accepted Answer

The nature of labor has changed profuntly. Career and work aren't nearly as central to the livs, Some analyst suggest that is effect was to weaken the hold jobs have on workers physhes

Question 26

How does the Supreme Court’s rulling on Janus v. AFSCME impact labor unions?(2)

Accepted Answer

All employers receive the wage increases, benefits and workplace rights, Is a devasting blow against public sector unions, barring them from chargin

Question 27

Why is Dartmouth College unwilling to enter into collectives bargaining with the LUthat represents its men's basketball

Accepted Answer

The school was adamant that it believes "athletes in the Ivy league are not employees"

Question 28

What percentage of American College graduate are "underemployed"?

Accepted Answer

Found that 52% of college graduates hold jobs that don't make use of their skills or credential

Question 29

What inequalities can be identified when examining the occupational distribution of workers by race and ethnicity?

Accepted Answer

Both african american and latino males are significantly over-represented in manual jobs, Asian americans and whites are over represented in white collar jobs, Whites remain much more likely to hold the most prestigious and rewarding jobs in the labor

Question 30

According to human capital theory, what account for those occupational disparities?

Accepted Answer

human capitals argue that differences in educational attainment largely explain this disparity.

Question 31

What estimated percentage of jobs require a “bachelor degree” and what estimated percentage requires ether “no formaled?

Accepted Answer

The most common post secondary requirenment was a bachelo’s degree 21%, Only a high school diploma 35.8%

Question 32

What is the androcentric pay scale?

Accepted Answer

a strong correlation existing between wages and the gender composition of a job: system biased.

Question 33

What is the knowledge economy?

Accepted Answer

Advanced capitalist societies rely less and less on physical inputs than on the intellectual c.

Question 34

What is the current "labor force participation rate" of women with children under the age of 18 in the US?

Accepted Answer

74% in 2023

Question 35

What are two long-term effects of the Taft-Hartley act? (2)

Accepted Answer

It played a key role in the defeat of organized labor’s effort to bring sou, It encouraged management opposition to labor organizing

Question 36

According to Heather Haveman and Lauren Beresford, how do “cultural schemas” explain gender differences in managers’ (3)

Accepted Answer

Men belong at work and women belong at home, Men are better than women at match and science, Men are more natural managers and leaders than women

Question 37

What occupational trends support the hypothesis that the US as an advanced capitalist society-increasing relies on work?

Accepted Answer

In the last quarter century, expansion has occurred among the management, We do indeed see a sharp decline in the percent of the labor force engaged

Question 38

What are the different pressure point for men and women?

Accepted Answer

Support their family financially, be succeesful in their job, be an involved parent, by physica

Question 39

What is contingent work?

Accepted Answer

Temps, inependeny contractor, part timers gig workers., Refers to workers who are employed by temporary employment agencies, who hold jobs that are lim

Question 40

According to Devehhow do differences in criminalstatus and racialidentity among job application affect their likelihood

Accepted Answer

Based on the preferences and hiring decision of employers, pager found that race continues to p, While employers were generally found black ex-offenders were much less likely to be pffereda a

Question 41

What are amedments of the Taft-Hartley act?

Accepted Answer

It permits the president to end a strike on the grouds of a national emerge, States are permited to Outlaw compulsive union membership, It makes unions legally responsible financially liable, It prohibits automatic union dues

Question 42

What is "AI" and which occupations have "high exposure" to AI technology? (choose two)

Accepted Answer

Jobs with a high level of exposure to AI tend to be in higher paying fields where a college edu, is designed to mimic cognitive functions

Question 43

How the disparity inearnings betwmen andwomen explainedthe "discriminationhypothesis" andthe "devaluationhypothesis"? 2

Accepted Answer

DH:Women are treated unequally they are denied equal opportunities and equal compensation., Deva H: women are paid less because the work they perform is socially defined as less evaliable

Question 44

According to Thomas Kochan et al, what is the “voice gap” and what is it argued to be a strong predicator of? (2)

Accepted Answer

The size of the voice gap is a strong predictor of interesr workers ecpress, the difference between the voice workers say they ought to have

Question 45

Why did labor union membership grow in the United States from 1933 to 1945?

Accepted Answer

Political will: There existed political support and specific protections for unionized workers, Worker will: workers were willing to risk life and limb in defense of their right to representa

Question 46

What are the cost associated with fully remote work? choose 2

Accepted Answer

Workers are falling behind in one of the most prized aspects of a career: getting promoted, were promoted 31% less frequently than people who worked in an office

Question 47

How does the presence or absence of government support for labor unions impact the success of collective bargaining? (2)

Accepted Answer

When workers and Union organizers had the endorsement of state and federalp, In the absence of government support workers and Union organizers suffered

Question 48

What is care work?

Accepted Answer

Face to face caretaking of the physical emotional and educational needs of other

Question 49

How does “homophily” or “in group preference” explain disparities in the racial and ethnic composition of occupacional ?

Accepted Answer

People do not enter jobs as isolated individuals, Dominant group members tend to retruit new-comers who share in group charac, What results is a kind of cultural exclusivity that works agains members

Question 50

What percentage of non-agricultural labor force is currently unionized in the U.S?

Accepted Answer

10%

Question 51

Why is Dartmouth College unwilling to enter into collective bargaining with the labor union that repre in men’s basketb?

Accepted Answer

The school was adamant that it believes athletes in the Ivy League are not

Question 52

In 2022, what was the median number of years that wage and salary workers had been with their current employer?

Accepted Answer

The number of years that wage and salary workers had been with their current employer was 4.1ye

Question 53

What are soft skills?

Accepted Answer

skills refers to skills, abilities, ad traits that pertain to personality, attitude and behavio

Question 54

What are the legal provisions of the National Labor Relations Act? (choose two)

Accepted Answer

employers were obliged to bargain with elected union representatives and a federally appoint ag, it became illegal to fire workers for Union activities. It mandated secret ballot election.

Question 55

What are “agency fees”? (2)

Accepted Answer

A fee charged to non-union employees at a workplace that has Union represen, Is intended to compensate the union for benefits which are collectively

Question 56

What is the ideology of intensive motherhood?

Accepted Answer

The idea that mothers should be the primary caretaker of their children

Question 57

According to Arne Kalleberg and Michael Dunn, what is the "gig economy"?

Accepted Answer

The collection of markers that match providers to consumers on a gig basis in support of on dem, Gig work is short term work in this sense, the economy is not new.

Question 58

What two federal legislative packages halped remove some of the legal barriers to paid employment for women? choose two

Accepted Answer

Title Vii of the 1964 civil right act, Title ix educational amendments act 1972

Question 59

What factors account for the steady decline in American unionization (choose two)

Accepted Answer

The political mood in the country had become more conservative, In the 1970s an economic transformation took place in the US manufactuaring

Question 60

What percentage of Americans have ever earned money from an online gig platform?

Accepted Answer

16% of Americans have ever earned money from an online gig platform, The most common gig involved making deliveries from a restaurant or store f

Question 61

What is the average number of jobs held by Millennials, ages 18 to 36?

Accepted Answer

Another BLS news release published in april 2024 the number of jobs that people born in the yea, These older millennials held an average of 9.0 jobs from ages 18 to 36

Question 62

What does the passage of CA Prop 22 mean for ride share/delivery companies and their employees?

Accepted Answer

With passage, app based transportation and delivery drivers are to be indep, California proposition 22, App based drivers as contractors and labor poli

Question 63

What findings or data stand at odds with the “knowledge economy” thesis? Multiple answers

Accepted Answer

Many manual occupational have either held steady or actually grown, White collars occupations have declined in relative terms some growth, Service ocupacional have in fact grown mire rapidly than the labor force

Question 64

What is the motherhood penalty?

Accepted Answer

women feel pressured to choose family-friendly occupations-jobs that permit flexible hours

Final Exam

Questions 68

Final Exam

Questions 68