What is the socially transmitted property of language?

Language is taught between individuals

What is the communicative property of language?

A message is transmitted between beings

Which of the following describes a prescriptive perspective on language?

What is correct is how language should be used

What is the generative property of language?

An infinite number of word combinations can be created

Language is a system for communication that is...

Symbolic, rule-based, and generative

What does it mean for a language to be symbolic?

They use representative signs/sounds

Short Answer: Pick an animal communication system. Describe what properties MAY or MAY NOT make it a language.

Vervet monkey calls, Dogs learning English cue words, Ant pheromones, Bee waggle dance

What is the universally acquired property of language?

Any individual in the species can learn the language

What does it mean for a language to be generative?

You can make infinite combinations of units into something meaningful

Word organization and relations

How a story or conversation is structured

To create ideal discourse, audience design is important. How might we adjust our speaking style for our audience?

Aim for the lowest level of understanding

Sounds and how they are organized

What is the arbitrarily symbolic property of language?

Uses symbols that are not necessarily related to the meaning

What other factor(s) play into speech perception's complexity?

Intonation, Environment, Accents, Style

What is the regularly structured property of language?

Uses consistent structual rules

What is coarticulation of phonemes?

Phonemes can sound different depending on context

What is the linearization problem?

Turning nonlinear concepts into linear sentences

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Unit 9: Language

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Questions 32

Answers

1
What is the socially transmitted property of language?
A message is communicated between beings
Language is shared across a species
Language is taught between individuals
Individuals can learn multiple languages
2
What is the communicative property of language?
A message is transmitted between beings
A message can be formed with the help of other beings
Language can be used in multiple contexts
Language or words can be rearranged
3
Which of the following describes a prescriptive perspective on language?
How language is typically used
What language is accepted by a linguistic community
What is correct is how language should be used
How language is used in a variety of ways
4
What is the generative property of language?
An infinite number of word combinations can be created
Any combinations of sounds can be meaningful
Any combination of letters can be valid
A new word can be created at any time
5
Language is a system for communication that is...
Symbolic, rule-based, and generative
Abstract, rule-based, and generative
Symbolic, unlimited, and restrictive
Abstract, unlimited, and restrictive
6
Timing in language can create more complex problems such as...
Comprehension
Categorization
Intonation
Segmentation
7
Which of the following is an example of a phoneme?
Ba
Tree
Forest
Trees
8
What does it mean for a language to be symbolic?
They use literal signs/sounds
They use representative signs/sounds
Signs/sounds can be infinitely combined
Signs/sounds have structure
9
Speech perception is complex. What do we get in a speech signal?
Frequencies and pitches
Semantics and pitches
Frequencies and timing
Semantics and timing
10
Short Answer: Pick an animal communication system. Describe what properties MAY or MAY NOT make it a language.
Vervet monkey calls
Dogs learning English cue words
Ant pheromones
Bee waggle dance
11
What is the universally acquired property of language?
Anyone can learn the language
Language is learned in context from others
A language is known by all individuals in the species
Any individual in the species can learn the language
12
What does it mean for a language to be generative?
You can make any combination of symbols into a sentence
You can make infinite combinations of sounds into a word
You can make any combination of letters into a word
You can make infinite combinations of units into something meaningful
13
Ambiguity involves competing interpretations that may be syntactic or semantic. How do we pick interpretations?
Sentence grammar
Past experience
Context
Word structure
14
What is syntax?
Word organization and relations
Word structure and meaning
Sound organization and meaning
Sound structure and relations
15
What is discourse?
How language changes over time
How a story or conversation is structured
How words are formed from concepts
How words are different across languages
16
What is morphology?
Units of language
Units of words in a language
Units of sounds in a language
Units of meaning in a language
17
To create ideal discourse, audience design is important. How might we adjust our speaking style for our audience?
Explain everything at a basic level
Aim for the lowest level of understanding
Remember whose turn it is to speak
Speak to everyone the same way
18
What is the dynamic property of language?
Language changes over time
Tone affects how language is interpreted
Language can be used at any volume
Different languages are used by different communities
19
What is speech production?
Planning a message
Preventing a message
Getting a message out
Getting a message in
20
What is meant by pragmatics?
Language meaning
Language structure
Language organization
Language in context
21
The Phoneme Restoration Effect is an example of what?
Bottom-up processing
Top-down processing
Coarticulation
Ambiguity
22
What is phonology?
Sounds and how they are organized
Sounds and how they are heard
Words and how they organized
Words and how they are read
23
What is meant by semantics?
Punctuation
Word length
Grammar
Word meanings
24
What does it mean for a language to be rule-based?
It follows no structure
It has structure, but it does not need to be meaningful
It has meaningful structure
Its structure is unique from other languages
25
Differences between speech sounds are on a continuum of voice onset time.
True
False
26
The way that we perceive speech sounds is...
On a continuum
Categorical
Not dependent upon voice onset time
Easy to discriminate
27
What is the arbitrarily symbolic property of language?
The language communicates no meaning
The language communicates an underlying philosophical message
Uses symbols that are not necessarily related to the meaning
Uses symbols that have specific, inflexible meanings
28
What other factor(s) play into speech perception's complexity?
Intonation
Environment
Accents
Style
29
What is the regularly structured property of language?
Uses one strict structure
Structures are only used in certain contexts
Has no restrictions on how sounds can fit together
Uses consistent structual rules
30
What phenomenon does this example reflect?
Syntax Effects
Morpheme Restoration Effect
Phoneme Restoration Effect
Semantic Effects
31
What is coarticulation of phonemes?
Phonemes can sound different depending on context
Phonemes are unaffected by surrounding sounds
Multiple phonemes cannot be said at the same time
Multiple phonemes can be said at the same time
32
What is the linearization problem?
Turning linear concepts into nonlinear sentences
Errors that occur when you misspeak (cap instead of cat)
Language is inherently nonlinear
Turning nonlinear concepts into linear sentences

Unit 9: Language Flashcards | StudBud