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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
genetics and nutrition
secondary drives and needs
parenting styles
unconscious conflicts
2
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
endocrine system
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
3
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
4
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
modeling
5
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
6
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
trait
7
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
inferential statistics
counterbalancing
descriptive statistics
standard deviation
8
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
9
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
framing effects
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
10
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
Down syndrome
11
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
12
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
personality
schizophrenic
dissociative
13
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
smell
sight
hearing
14
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
token economies
systematic desensitization
client-centered therapy
15
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
presence of an authority figure
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
size of the group
16
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
17
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
18
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
touch
hearing
balance
sight
19
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
social cognitive theroy
psychodynamic theory
trait theory
biological theory
20
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
variances
normally distributed
modes
21
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
semantic encoding
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
22
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
psychoanalytic
cognitive
humanistic
trait
23
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
groupthink
group polarization
deindividuation
24
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
25
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
stepping
rooting
Moro
Babinski
26
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
brain injury
proactive interference
leading questions
relearning effect
27
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
28
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
partial
secondary
continuous
29
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
late 40s
mid 30s
early 20s
puberty
30
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
a correlation coefficient close to .75
31
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
achievement
standardized
triarchic
projective
32
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
33
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
34
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are located in the center of the retina
respond more quickly to colors
35
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
attachment
assimilation
motor development
36
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
50
84
68
37
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
38
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
aptitude test
IQ test
achievement test
EQ test
39
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
a mental set
40
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
EEG
rTMS
MRI
PET
41
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
42
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
standard deviation
range
mean
43
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
44
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
latent learning
observational learning
insight learning
counterconditioning
45
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
46
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
counterbalancing
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
47
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
rods
cornea
optic nerve
cones
48
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
49
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
50
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
51
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
52
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
median
standard deviation
mean
53
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
54
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
dispositional
social
situational
55
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
56
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
57
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
58
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
naturalistic observation
case study
correlation study
59
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
group polarization
deindividuation
superordinate goals
60
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
difference threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
61
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
sleep apnea and night terrors
62
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
major depressive disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
63
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
planning for the future
maintaining balance
64
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
latent learning
the law of effect
65
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
difference threshold
bottom up processing
66
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
social psychology
health psychology
psychometrics
67
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
psychoanalytic
humanistic
trait
68
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
69
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can determine causal relationships between variables
70
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : decrease
remove : increase
remove : punish
71
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
standardization
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
construct validity
72
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
variable interval
fixed ratio
continuous
fixed variable
73
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
74
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
modeling
negative reinforcement
75
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
secondary preventions
biomedical interventions
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
76
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
attachment
universal ethical principles
object permanence
77
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
medulla
sensory cortex
cerebral cortex
78
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
79
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
compliance strategies
in-group bias
self-serving bias
80
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
81
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
frequency theory
gate-control theory
82
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
83
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
L-Dopa
lithium
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
84
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
cognitive
structuralist
pharmacological
behavioral
85
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
86
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
pitch of the tone
87
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
88
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
conscientiousness
openness
neuroticism
89
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
operant conditioning
90
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
amygdala
medulla
cerebellum
91
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
false consensus effect
just world bias
92
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
93
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
internal
external
situational
94
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
95
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
96
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
phoneme
morpheme
grapheme
holobase
97
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
98
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
99
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
stereotyping
superordinate goals
100
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
101
which is an example of an implicit memory
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
102
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
personalities
sleep cycles
daily activities
103
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
content validity
predictive validity
104
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
approach-avoidance
postconventional
James-Lange
theory Y
105
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
projection
displacement
sublimation
reaction formation
106
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
107
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
overconfidence
a theory
108
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
discrimination
assimilation
habituation
109
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
110
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
111
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
social facilitation
conformity
social roles
disinhibition
112
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
113
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
specific changes in the brain
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
114
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
law of effect
behavior shaping
token economy
higher-order conditioning
115
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
central nervous system
116
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
pons
117
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
low self-esteem
118
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
119
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
120
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
developmental study
121
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
neurochemical imbalances
122
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
123
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
adrenaline
acetylcholine
serotonin
124
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
family
culture
temperament
125
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
central route persuasion
126
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
dissociation
activation-synthesis
tolerance
antagonists
127
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
evolutionary
psychodynamic
humanistic
128
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
linear perspective
closure
convergence
129
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
130
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
131
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
132
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
need for achievement
133
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
cognitive
134
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
135
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
136
What is the purpose of the DSM
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
137
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
138
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses