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1
What causes electrons to move from the cathode to the anode in an x-ray tube?
potential difference
heat
tube current
focusing cup
2
When scheduled for a routine GI exam, how should the patient prep?
no prep is required
should be given a suppository or other laxative only
should fast completely for 8 hour period before exam
fast for 8 hours and be given a cleansing enema
3
a grid has lead strips which are 6 mm wide, 8 mm high, 12" long & spaced 0.5 mm apart. What is the ratio of the grid?
8:1
16:1
12:1
6:1
4
The most effecient devivce for reducing the amount of scattered radiation reaching the IR is the:
collimator
grid
cone
filter
5
Which of the following is LEAST likely to demonstrate the odontoid process clearly?
Lateral c-spine
Open-mouth view
Routine AP c-spine
Oblique cervical
6
Which study will MOST LIKELY demonstrate a meckel's diverticulum?
barium enema
small bowel study
cystogram
fluoroscopy of chest
7
In digital image processing, the mapping function where all pixels are changed to a new gray value is called the:
contrast manipulation
look-up table
automatic rescaling function
spatial frequency resolution
8
Which of the these pathological conditions will MOST LIKELY require an increase in radiographic exposure for proper RE?
Atrophy
Osteoporosis
Emphysema
Paget's disease
9
Which of these positions will demonstrate the intercondylar fossa of the femur?
sunrise view of the knee
frog-leg of the hip
tunnel view of the knee
crosstable lateral of the hip
10
The bucky slot cover & protective curtain used during fluoro procedures should have at least ___mm Pb equivalent.
.50
2.5
.15
1.5
11
Moire artifacts result from:
a dirty imaging plate
improper use of grid
motion
light fog
12
A readout on the fluoro monitor that indicates air kerma striking the surface of the patient is:
DAP meter
ESD meter
mA meter
kVp meter
13
In digital imaging, graphical representation of signal intensity values correspond to a spectrum of pixel values called:
average gradient
active matrix array
histogram
half value layer
14
Sources of natural background radiation exposure include:
radon
nuclear power plant
terrestrial radiation
cosmis radiation
internal sources in the human body
15
Computed radiography may be part of an integrated system of images and written data called:
JRCS
RIS
PACS
HIS
16
For the same FOV, as the matrix size increases:
pixel size decreases
spatial rasolution increases
image quality increases
17
CXR has been ordered for placement of a Swan-Ganz catheter. The Swan-Ganz catheter is a(n):
chest tube
IV catheter
pacemaker
urinary catheter
18
Arrange the following in the correct sequence of scheduling:
x-ray of urinary tract, x-ray of biliary system, endo study, LGI, UGI
endo study, x-ray of urinary tract, x-ray of biliary system, UGI, LGI
endo study, x-ray of urinary tract, x-ray of biliary system, LGI, UGI
x-ray of biliary system, x-ray of urinary tract, endo study, UGI, LGI
19
Of the positions given, which will BEST demonstrate a fracture in the axillary portion of the left ribs?
Lateral
RPO
LPO
PA
20
The term used to describe the number of bits per pixel, which has a significant effect on gray scale, is?
histogram
voxel
TFT
bit depth
21
For an AP axial Towne projection for the skull, the CR is directed:
30 degrees to the OML
37 degrees to the OML
30 degrees to the IOML
25 degrees to the IOML
22
A portable chest shows magnification; it can be reduced by:
change the angle of the tube
increase OID
instructing the patient to take a less deep breath
increase SID
23
Which of the following will influence geometric unsharpness?
size of the focal spot
OID
screen speed
SID
24
The major concern of genetic damage in the ovaries/testes by irradiation is that it can affect:
none are correct
the fetus in-utero only
subsequent generations
the individual being irradiated only
25
Diagnostic primary barriers must contain a minimum thickness of ___ Pb equivalent.
1/32"
0.5 mm
0.25 mm
1/16"
26
When a lateral projection of the knee is performed, the knee should be:
flexed 20-30 degrees
flexed 45 degrees
flexed to a 90 degree angle
fully extended
27
Per federal standards, what max. exposure rate tabletop in general fluoro is permitted in absence of high level control?
5 mGy(a)/Min
10 mGy(a)/Min
1000 mGy(a)/Min
100 mGy(a)/Min
28
In which of the following of the spine is a lordotic curve normally found:
cervical
lumbar
sacrum & coccyx
thoracic
29
Free radicals have an extremely reactive single entity as a result of the presence of:
unpaired electrons
unpaired neutrons and protons
paired electrons
paired neutrons and protons
30
Which of the following methods results in the elimination of all bacteria including disease producing organisms?
disinfection
sterilization
antiseptics
inoculation
31
The most effective method used to prevent the spread of infection is:
wearing a gown
handwashing
wearing of gloves
distance
32
The number of facial bones is:
12
7
8
14
33
Patient exposure may be reduced by all of the following EXCEPT:
increasing filtration
double checking technique factors
minimizing repeat exposures
increasing field size
34
For stationary diagnostic procedures, the SSD shall not be less than:
38 cm
25 cm
30 cm
15 cm
35
The highest spatial frequency that can be recorded by a digital detector, is half the number of pixels/mm?
sampling frequency
pixel pitch
Nyqquist frequency
detective quantom efficiency
36
When a patient is vomiting, the head is lifted and/or turned to the side in order to prevent:
dehydration
abdominal cramps
drowsiness
aspiration
37
If necessary to hold a critical patient durin x-ray, the LEAST acceptable person to assist would be:
a 40 year old pregnant female
a 20 year old male
a 50 year old male
an 18 year old female
38
The law of Bergonie & Tribondeau states that the most radiation sensitive cells in the body are:
rapidly dividing
highly differentiated
never dividing
simple cells
39
When performing an IVP, the radiographer should:
after injection, observe the patient carefully
carefully check the identification of the patient
obtain history of allergies and inform the radiologist
have emergency supplies readily available.
40
The annual NID is:
1 mSv
0.001 mSv
0.01 mSv
10 mSv
41
The filament and the target of the anode in an x-ray tube are composed predominately of:
thorium
tungsten
molybdenum
rhenium
42
For females, flat contact shields reduce gonodal exposures only:
100%
10%
20%
50%
43
Occupational exposure limits are stated in the NCRP Report #:
116
102
96
150
44
Bedside exams require a wide range of SID/ positioning adaptations, which grid ratio is LEAST likely give grid cutoff?
12:1
5:1
8:1
16:1
45
The head of the radius is best demonstrated free of superimposition in which of the following?
external oblique elbow
internal oblique elbow
PA wrist
lateral wrist
46
When dealing w/ a trauma patient, which of the following is not advisable for the radiographer to do?
call patient's physician if condition makes it impossible to obtain image
remove splints and bandages before radiographs are made
tale a survey radiograph through splints and bandages
make the patient comfortable, moving the patient as little as possible
47
Patient in LPO w/ CR directed 20 degrees cephalic & enters at level of thyroid cartilage, best shown in profile is:
left intervertebral foramina
right apophyseal joints
left apophyseal
right intervertebral foramina
48
What is the BEST position/projection to demonstrate the longitudinal arch of the foot?
lateromedial
mediolateral
lateromedial weight-bearing lateral
mediolateral weight-bearing lateral
49
the site of needle insertion in knee arthrography is:
retropatellar space
1/2" above apex of patella
popliteal vein
anterior to the patella
50
All the energy of primary photon is dislodged in an inner-shell electron, What effect is this?
photoelectric effect
compton effect
characterisitic effect
Thompson effect
51
Which of the following is the best device to use to measure in-air exposures in fluoro rooms?
film badge
handheld ionization chamber
Geiger-Muller detector
TLD
52
Which substance should be given when a diabetic pt suddenly starts experiencing weakness, sweating, tremor and hunger?
insulin
water
oxygen
orange juice
53
The device in the x-ray circuit which allows the technologist to select a variable kilovoltage is the:
autotransformer
filament ammeter
rectifier
transformer
54
In order to place the neck of the femur parallel w/plane of the film w/patient supine, it is necessary to:
place the leg in external rotation
place the leg in neutral position
abduct the leg
place the leg in internal rotation
55
To reduce natural lordosis of the spine & demonstrate the intervertebral spaces of the lumar spine in AP, one should:
flex the knees
abduct the thighs
extend the legs
elevate the pelvis
56
The source of radiation with the greatest RBE is:
slow neutrons
alpha particles
fast neurons
gamma radiation
57
As sampling frequency increases, what happens to spatial resolution?
spatial resolution decreases
spatial resolution increases
spatial resolution stays the same
58
In myelography, the contrast medium is generally injected into the:
individual intervertebral discs
cisterna magna
subarachnoid space between the first and second lumbar vertebrae
subarachnoid space between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae
59
In order to demonstrate the ankle mortise correctly in profile w/o overlapping of adjacent structures, which is the best
medial oblique
AP w/ slight medial obliquity
lateral
a lateral oblique
60
Which of the following may result in occupational exposure for a radiographer?
photoelectric interaction
pair production
compton interaction
coherent scatter
61
Which of the following is NOT designed to lessen patient dosage?
filters
grids
cones
gonadal shields
62
Per federal standards, techs should wear a protective apron during fluoro that has a MINIMUM Pb equivalent thickness of:
0,50 mm Pb
2.5 mmPb
1.25 mm Pb
0.025 mm Pb
63
Which tissue is LEAST sensitive to ionizing radiation:
skin
gonads
nerves
lymphocytes
64
Which radiographic examination requires filming during micturition?
descending urography
intravenous pyelography
cystourethrography
cystography
65
A digital image is composed of rows and columns known as:
photonic image
pixel
matrix
voxel
66
For a submento-vertical projection of the skull, the CR enters:
beneath the chin
the outer canthus
the external auditory meatus
the top of the skull
67
Where should the CR be directed for an AP Pelvis?
1" above the symphysis pubis
to the level of the greater trochanter
halfway between the crest and symphysis pubis
to the level of the ilac crest
68
When performing lateral studies of the foot or ankle, the foot should be placed in:
a relaxed position
90 degree plantoflexion
90 degree dorsiflexion
extension
69
How is the CR directed for a tunnel view of the knee?
40 degrees to the long axis of the tibia
perpendicular to the long axis of the femur
60 degrees to the long axis of the femur
perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia
70
Nosocomial infections are those that are contracted by an individual:
from hospital environment
from contaminated water
from home environment
71
Which of the following would best demonstrate a small pneumo-thorax in the left thoracic cavity?
right lateral decubitus
PA prone
AP supine
left lateral decubitus
72
Movement of a patient in pain should be:
rapid
eliminated except in the presence of the attending physician
slow and steady
only after the administration of analgesics
73
Which personnel monitoring device is the most sensitive & accurate?
pocket dosimeter
film badge
Geiger counter
TLD
74
The manubrial notch is approximately at the same level as the:
T4-T5 interspace
T6-T7 interspace
C7-T1 interspace
T2-T3 interspace
75
Which of these is not a property of x-rays?
travel in a straight diverging line
have a longer wavelength than visible light
can ionize gases
travel at 186,000 miles per second
76
Which of the following is not dependent on the wavelength of the x-rays?
penetratin ability
quality
quantity
frequency
77
Injection of iodinated contrast media is contraindicated if BUN exceeds ___mg/dl & creatinine is above __mg/dl
20, 1.5
10, 1.5
15, 0.30
10, 0.15
78
Which of the following tissues is assigned the highest tissue weighting factor?
bone marrow
gonads
breasts
thyroid
79
The interaction with matter that produces secondary or characteristic radiation is the:
coherent effect
photoelectric effect
brems effect
compton effect
80
For fixed fluoroscopes, the SID shall not be less than:
15"
12"
10"
20"
81
Misalignment of the light field & radiation must not exceed __%
+/-10
+/- 2
+/-8
+/-5
82
Which unit of measurement is used for effective dose limits?
Roentgen
Sievert
Gray
Becquerel
83
Quantom mottle is caused by:
too many x-ray photons hitting the IR
improper handling of the IR
too few x-ray photons hitting the IR
the kilovoltage being too low
84
Excessive prep time (stage one) in using the x-ray exposure switch is most likely to lead to:
pitting of the anode
cracking of the anode
a gassy tube
excessive filament wear
85
Which of the following would NOT reduce the amount of secondary/scatter radiation that is produced w/in a body part?
a decrease in kVp
the decrease in tissue thickness
bucky grid
cones
86
National standards recommend that the minimum amount of total filtration at settings higher than 70 kVp be:
2.0 mm Al eq.
2.5 mm Al eq.
2.5 mm Pb eq.
1.0 mm Pb eq.
87
"Ten Day Rule"; performing a radiation study on a femal patient w/in childbearing age should be limited to the 10 days:
prior to the beginning of menstruation
beginning any time during menstruation
after cessation of menstruation
beginning at the onset of menstruation
88
The SI unit of absorbed dose is the:
Gray
Rad
Sievert
Rem
89
What is another name for "nosocomial infection"?
at risk infections
contact acquired infections
healthcare acquired infections
home acquired infections
90
The absorption of useful radiation by a grid is called:
grid cleanup
latitude
grid selectivity
grid cutoff
91
Which of the following are both needed to measure blood pressure?
stethoscope & sphygmomanometer
otoscope & stethoscope
thermometer & otoscope
sphygmomanometer & thermometer
92
If unable to perform routine Townes for occipital area, what can be substituted?
Rhese
Haas
Grashey
Arcelin
93
Protective (reverse) isolation is most likely to be used for patients with:
tuberculosis
suppressed immune systems
enteric disorders
suspected hepatitis
94
Which of the following would be within the normal range of respiration for an adult at rest?
22 per minute
16 per minute
10 per minute
24 per minute
95
When disposing of the contaminated needles, they are placed in special containers in which of the following manners?
do not recap needle, remove from syringe, and dispose of
do not recap needle, dispose of the entire syringe.
recap the needle, remove syringe, and dispse of
96
When performing a clavicle supine, the clavicle is projected away from overlying ribs BEST by:
directing the CR 15 degrees caudal
abducting the affected humerus
directing the CR 15 degrees cephalic
rotating patients body 30 degrees away from affected side
97
The phosphor which emits the yellow-green luminescence of a conventional fluoroscopic screen is typically:
barium lead sulfate
zinc cadmium sulfide
zinc sulfate
calcium tungstate
98
When using the Water's position, the CR enters the top of the head and exits at the"
acanthion
canthus
nasion
mentum
99
Which is the MOST APPROPRIATE for radiography in the operating room?
radiographer should wear sterile gloves
radiographer may shift the drapes as needed for proper placement of the IR
radiographer should have hair, nose and mouth covered
IR should be sterilized
100
Which of these studies is most likely to deonstrate evidence of a herniated nucleus pulposis?
arthrogram
salpingogram
cystogram
myelogram