Foundations 6: Chemistry

a substance that releases oxygen

the smallest chemical components of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of

substances that should not be mixed or even stored near each other

a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized is oxidation-reduction

a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions

liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

prolonged, repeated, or long-term exposure that can cause sensitivity

a substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer

subatomic particles with a negative charge

aka bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts

deals with the composition, structures, & properties of matter & how matter changes under different conditions

ph scale acid to base

chemical reaction that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to occur is

oil droplets emulsified in water

an alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products

alcohols that evaporate easily

an ion with a negative electrical charge

a solution that has a pH below 7 is basic

required by law for products sold; include safety information about products compiled by the manufacturer, hazardous etc

physical change is properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance

chemical reaction that releases a significant amount of heat is exothermic

the substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution

potential hydrogen; represents the quantity of hydrogen ions

having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving) is lipophilic

a substance that releases oxygen

easily absorbs moisture; in chemistry terms, capable of combining with or attracting water (water-loving)

when acids are mixed with alkalis in equal proportions, balancing the total pH and forming water (H2O) and a salt

liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

a contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify

any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

subatomic particles with no charge is a neutron

the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions

material that is capable of igniting and burning

acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin

colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

the substance that is dissolved in a solution

material that is capable of igniting and burning, and easier to ignite than combustible material

a stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances

a substance that causes an increase in cellular mutations, some are harmful and some little or no effect on the body

a colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions

a chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions

alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products

a solution above 7 is alkaline

special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers

molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions

simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity

water droplets emulsified in oil

characteristics that can be determined only by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance

a substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

an ion with a positive electrical charge

subatomic particles with a positive charge

sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams

compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile)

unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid

an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay mixed)

a change in the chemical composition or makeup of a substance is physical change

a very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners; commonly known as lye

a chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions is a molecule