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APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750) II Flashcards | StudBud
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APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750) II
APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750) II
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1
All of the following are true of the effects of the slave trade IN Africa. Which was a
SOCIAL
consequence?
The population of Africa stagnated even as Eurasia's rapidly grew.
Missionaries brought Christianity into Western and Central Africa.
More men were taken as slaves causing imbalances in gender and families.
Some states increased in power because they profited from the trade.
2
What was the
ECONOMIC EFFECT
of Europe's presence in Asia during this era?
Europe's "trading posts" prospered by using silver to trade for luxuries.
Europe completely dominated all Asian markets
Europe dominated Japan's markets, but was shutout of China
Europe's manufactured goods became highly in demand by Asian consumers
3
The
SANTERIA
religion of CUBA (in the Caribbean) would have been a blend of all of these cultures
EXCEPT
Native American Animism
East Asian Buddhism
Spanish Catholicism
African Yoruba Shamanism
4
All of the images below deal
MOSTLY
with which time period in European history?
The Scientific Revolution
The Age of Exploration
The Artistic Renaissance
The Enlightenment
5
Which breakthrough of the Scientific Revolution most challenged traditional religious views?
The study of mathematics that led to ideas of probability, binomials, & -#s
The study of the anatomy of the human body
The study of mechanics that led to breakthroughs in machinery
The study of astronomy & the place of the sun in the solar system
6
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
7
Middle East. Persia. Shia Islam. Went to war with Ottomans. Ruled by a "Shah."
C) Safavid Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
A) Qing Empire
B) Mughal Empire
8
How did Emperor Aurangzeb change the Mughal Empire's religious policies?
He converted to Buddhist traditions.
He converted to a new religion: Sikhism
He was religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
He tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
9
All of the following were parts of Martin Luther's arguments against the Catholic Church
EXCEPT
He argued that doing good works was more important than faith.
He argued that all Catholic customs should be questioned.
He argued the Bible should be translated to local languages.
He argued against the sale of indulgences.
10
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
11
Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Islam and Confucianism
Hinduism and Islam
Hinduism and Buddhism
Christianity and Judaism
12
Which of the following environmental innovations was UNIQUE to the challenges of sailing in the
Indian Ocean
?
Creating ways that lateen sails could move with square sails.
Applying paper technology to maritime maps
Learning about magnetic poles & latitude to create the astrolabe & compass
An understanding of seasonal monsoon wind patterns
13
This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could
BEST
be used to demonstrate that
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
14
Which of the following BEST describes the symbolism of this portrait of Mughal Emperor Jahangir?
It shows the economic dominance of the Indian Ocean Trade
It shows his devotion to Islam, the religion of Mughal rulers.
It shows the scientific advances of the Mughal Empire.
It shows the growing power of the Empire, justified by religion.
15
Aztecs demanded goods from neighboring civilizations
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
16
Qing Dynasty defeated Ming Dynasty. What new military tech. helped them MOST both in that war and against pastoralists?
Gunpowder, guns, & cannons
Infantry with shields and swords
Bows and arrows
Horse saddles & stirrups
17
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used their__________ to legitimize their rule.
Economic powers
Cultural religious powers
Technological powers
Social powers
18
Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
The challenge to authority by local elites.
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
19
How did the Unit 4 European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires of Units 1, 2, & 3?
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
20
In Istanbul, Turkey. Mosque for SUNNI Islam. Built for Sultan Süleyman. Also a MAUSOLEUM for tombs of Sultans.
Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire
Safavid Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
21
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
22
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To glorify Sunni Islam.
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To explain Islamic science & technology.
23
What is a TRUE social cause of Latin American 'Castas'?
European men married Native or African women, creating mixed families
Whole families fled religious violence in Europe to create settler colonies
The Spanish crown wanted to give equal rights to Natives and Africans.
Women increasingly asserting their desire for suffrage.
24
This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was
NOT
an effect of this trade?
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
25
SLAVES
forcibly taken to work on the plantations of the maritime empires came mostly from
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
26
So, labor was needed on plantations, much of it forced. Which type of coerced labor had been used by the Inca Empire?
Chattel Slavery
Encomienda System
Indentured Servitude
Mit'a
27
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in which region?
Russia
South Asia
Middle East
China
28
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
29
Below is a scene from the 30 year's war after the Reformation. This war involved fights between
Philosophes vs. Absolute Monarchs
Protestants vs. Catholics
Hindus vs. Muslims
Sunni vs. Shia
30
Throughout the Americas, policies of the European empires were resisted by
maroon societies
. What were these?
Africans resisting slavery by running away & fighting for freedom.
Protestants & Catholics resisting religious laws.
Native Americans resisting land confiscation.
Merchants resisting state tariffs (taxes) on trade.
31
The Ming's most famous Emperor was Yongle. What were his policies in the theme of POLITICS?
He started civil service examinations to combat bureaucratic corruption.
He had scholars do an 11 volume encylopedia of classical Chinese learning.
He sent a large fleet of ships led by Admiral Zheng He to the Indian Ocean.
He rebuilt canals, bridges, & irrigation destroyed by the Mongols.
32
M.East/N.Africa/Europe. Turks. Sunni Islam. Beat old Byzantine Empire. Fought Shia Muslims. Ruled by a "Sultan".
B) Mughal Empire
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
33
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
silver-backed currencies.
caravels using lateen sails.
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
colonies in the Americas.
34
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
35
The "casta system" was
a Latin American card game.
an economic system.
a type of imperial bureaucracy.
a racially based social hierarchy.
36
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
37
These two images provide evidence that after the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica...
Mayans preserved & blended their culture into Christianity.
Mayans remained totally isolated from Spanish conquest.
Spanish settlers were able to totally convert all Mayans.
The Mayan religion was identical to European Christianity.
38
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
39
Which date represents the greatest SETBACK (defeat) for Ottoman expansion efforts?
1676
1606
1571
1514
40
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
41
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
42
South Asia. Sunni Muslims ruling over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant until Emperor Aurangzeb.
A) Qing Empire
B) Mughal Empire
C) Safavid Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
43
Why was Spain's sponsorship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage in 1519 historically SIGNIFICANT?
It was the first circumnavigation of the entire world.
It was the first time Europeans reached the Western Hemisphere.
It was the first exchange of plants and animals between hemispheres.
It was the first time a European state sponsored a transoceanic voyage.
44
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
South & Southeast Asia
Andean South America
45
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
46
East Asia. Took power from Ming who took over after Yuan. Confucianism. Security motivated their move into Central Asia.
A) Qing Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
47
If you wanted to add arrows on the map to show "Triangular Trade", they'd show
African cash crops to Europe & Americas silver to Asia.
European goods to Africa & Americas crops to Europe
Americas goods to Africa & African slaves to Europe
European cash crops to Americas & African goods to Europe
48
All of these civilizations participated in Unit 2 Trans-Saharan trade. How did their trade
CHANGE
in 1450-1750?
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
49
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
50
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
51
What happened as a result of this transition in Chinese dynasties?
Japanese "Ming" warriors conquered all of China.
End of Mongol Empire led to takeover by classically Chinese dynasty.
The Korean "Ming" asserted their power & took over China
The Mongols changed their name from "Yuan" to "Ming".
52
This image of Lisbon, Portugal in the 17th Century could be used by a historian to prove...
maritime empires created a new economic elite who'd made $ from trade
navigation & innovations in ship designs were critical to maritime empires
just like land-based empires, maritime empires used guns & cannons
empires used monumental architecture to reinforce their rule
53
All of the following statements are true. Which one could you prove with the
CULTURAL
evidence from the Casta painting?
Maritime empires used syncretic religions to legitimize their rule.
Taxation, trade, and coerced labor provided revenue for imperial expansion.
Local bureaucratic elites were recruited to maintain imperial control.
Eurasian & American foods mixed in the 'Columbian Exchange.'
54
Located in Agra, India. It is a "MAUSOLEUM". Shah Jahan ordered it built for the tomb of his favorite wife Mumtaz.
Safavid Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Mughal Empire
Ottoman Empire
55
This system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced Native labor was called
chattel slavery
mit'a
encomienda
indentured servitude
56
In Isfahan, Iran. A mosque for SHIA Islam. Built by Shah Abbas in new capital city, it was the Royal Mosque.
Ming to Qing Empire
Safavid Empire
Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire
57
In Moscow. Built by Tsar Ivan the IV ('the terrible') for the Christian Eastern Orthodox Church.
Spanish Empire
Russian Empire
German Empire
French Empire
58
This cross from mid-16th century central Mexico would have been carved in the context of
Aztecs trying to preserve culture despite Spanish conquest.
Edicts by the Pope which attempted to ban local religions.
Aztec empire building through an alliance of the "3 tribes."
The development of early Aztec culture and mythology.
59
Compared to other land-based empires, Japanese expansion between 1450-1750 relied MOSTLY on__________
Direct military conflict with foreign empires.
Spreading their culture to foreign lands.
Emigration and overseas economic trade.
The imposition of their feudal system on others.
60
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
61
Farmers who had to pay a landowner in the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Generated Revenue through trade
Created taxation systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
62
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
Abolished slavery within the empire.
Took Christian children as tributes for the army.
63
Which of the following
WAS NOT
part of the Columbian Exchange?
Smallpox from the Americas widely infected Europeans
African religious and food culture came to the Americas
Eurasian animals were transported and raised in Americas
Food of the Americas was transported and grown in Eurasia
64
All of the following are true of the British E.I.C. and the Dutch V.O.C. between 1450-1750
EXCEPT
:
The E.I.C. focused on cotton trade while the V.O.C. focused on spice trade.
V.O.C. "fluyts" carried more cargo making them more profitable than E.I.C.
Both companies were a mixture of state & private investments.
The E.I.C. conquered the Mughals, but the V.O.C. lost Southeast Asian wars.
65
All of the following are true of Christopher Columbus' 4 voyages
EXCEPT
:
His ships were a new design known as a "caravel".
His Spanish state-sponsored voyage created the 2nd maritime empire.
His mission to reach India succeeded so he established trading posts there.
His voyages made Europeans interested in exploring beyond Afro-Eurasia.
66
"The Cossacks" of the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
67
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
South & Southeast Asia
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
The Caribbean & Brazil
68
The expansion of empires led to conflict with each other. What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought?
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
69
The "trading posts" of European maritime empires were most similarly comparable to which Unit 2 trade network?
The Silk Road
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Regional trade in the Americas
Exchange in the Indian Ocean
70
Before 1450, this empire ruled the largest land-based empire in history & "set the stage" for most Eurasian Empires.
Mongol Empire
Roman Empire
Han Dynasty
Egyptian Empire
71
Which region
DID NOT
contribute navigation technologies that 15th century Europeans relied on?
Middle East
The Americas
South Asia
East Asia
72
All of the following are true, but what was a
POLITICAL
effect of the Reformation?
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
73
In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
74
The empire from Unit 3 that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy, spurring Portugal et al to explore, was
the Safavids
the Ottomans
the Manchu Qing
the Mughals
75
Which is the correct order of classes in the casta system? (from top to bottom)
Indio, Creole, Peninsulare, Negro, Mestizo
Peninsulare, Creole,Mestizo,Indio, Negro
Peninsulare, Mesitzo,Creole, Negro, Indio
Creole, Mestizo, Peninsulare, Negro, Indio
76
What was a SECURITY reason for the expansion of the Russian Empire to the south and east?
It wanted to stop pastoralist and Muslim expansion.
It wanted to take advantage of the rich trade in fur.
It wanted to control sea trade in the Indian ocean.
It wanted to spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
77
Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746)
MOSTLY
reflects a syncretic blending of
Native American and African cultures
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
Christianity and Islam
78
China's process of charging European merchants in silver coins
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Created Tribute collection systems
79
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu minority.
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
It had a small Muslim minority governing over a large Hindu majority.
80
"Port factories" for foreign merchants in Tokugawa Japan
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
