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Absolutism, Enlightenment, and Revolutions Flashcards | StudBud
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Absolutism, Enlightenment, and Revolutions
Absolutism, Enlightenment, and Revolutions
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1
The Reign of Terror consisted of...
Political and financial corruption within the government.
Frequent executions of enemies of the Revolution.
The return of King Louis XVI's rule.
Exorbitantly high tax rates for the lower and middle classes.
2
The goal of the Enlightenment writers was to:
Limit the government from interfering with the rights of the people
Uphold the Divine Right Theory
Support the European monarchs
Increase support for European military conquests
3
The term for the historical period known for a new way of thinking about the physical world that led to modern science.
Renaissance
Scientific Enlightenment
Reformation
Scientific Revolution
4
Which of Galileo's theories was most offensive to the Church?
The theory that earth was not the center of the universe
Gravity produces equal acceleration in falling bodies regardless of weight.
There were many more stars than had previously been observed
The theory of the doctrine of uniformity
5
Which scientist discovered the law of gravity?
Newton
Kepler
Bacon
Galileo
6
Johannes Kepler didn't worry about being tried for heresy for agreeing with Copernicus’ views of the universe because...
Kepler was close friends with the Pope
Kepler was a kung fu warrior
Kepler kept his views a secret
Kepler was protestant
7
Which rationalist enlightenment political figure envisioned the separation of powers concept in a government?
Hobbes
Locke
Montesquieu
Voltaire
8
What was France’s first established state-sponsored atheist religion made to replace Catholicism during the Revolution?
Age of Reason
The Revolution of God
The Age of Wisdom
The Cult of Reason
9
Which of the following best describes Divine Right Theory?
Monarchs believe their right to rule is given to them directly by God
Monarchs believe their first-born child is entitled to the throne
Monarchs believe they should only rule as long as the people consent
Monarchs believe they have the right to acquire neighboring empires
10
What was a direct result of the Scientific Revolution in Europe?
an increase in the use of the divine right theory of government
the application of reason and experimentation to political thinking
a gradual decline in the growth of cities
the rise of the manorial system
11
All of the following were reasons why the American colonists won the revolutionary war EXCEPT:
the Americans were defending their homeland
the Americans had a superior military
the overconfident British generals made mistakes
France fought with the Americans
12
Which country can best argue that it was basically born out of rationalist thought in the Enlightenment era?
England
Mexico
France
Russia
13
Which absolute monarch emphasized military power in Prussia?
Peter the Great
Frederick the Great
Louis XVI
Louis XIV
14
John Locke and Thomas Jefferson believed the people should ___ if their government did not protect their natural rights.
Overthrow their government
Appeal to the national religion to protect their natural rights.
Appeal to the national religion to protect their natural rights.
Peacefully protest to a higher authority.
15
_____________was the leader of the Roundheads in the English Civil War.
James I
Charles I
Oliver Cromwell
Henry VIII
16
Which of the following was NOT a result of the Enlightenment:
Stimulation of religious tolerance
Inspired democratic revolutions around the world
Applied reason to the human world
Monarchies were given longer terms
17
A major concept promoted by philosophers of the Enlightenment was the need for:
A return to traditional medieval ideas.
Strengthening the power of the organized religions.
The use of reason for rational and logical thinking.
Overseas expansion by western European nations.
18
The King of France was seen as a traitor for….
attempting to flee the country in tumultuous times
refusing to help his starving people
providing help to the English enemies
leaving Marie Antoinette and marrying his mistress
19
Andreas Vesalius achieved his breakthrough discoveries by...
experimenting with the properties of air
illegally dissecting human bodies
explaining heliocentric views of the universe
trying to transform metals into gold
20
The cartoon is commenting on the efforts of Peter the Great to force the Russian nobility to:
adopt Western culture
prepare for military battle
conform to Asian social values
bow to pressures from the Ottoman Empire
21
______ saw himself as the “Sun King” of France and the most powerful ruler in the world during the 17th century (1600s):
Louis XIII
Louis XIV
Cardinal Richelieu
Frederick the Great
22
Who took power as a result of the Glorious Revolution, the bloodless overthrow of King James II?
Elizabeth I
Charles I
Henry VIII
William and Mary
23
Enlightenment ideas helped cause the:
Neolithic Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Scientific Revolution
American Revolution
24
Peter the Great moved the capital city of Russia from Moscow to St. Petersburg to:
Move away from invading Mongols and other east Asian invaders.
Move away from the famine and plague that killed thousands.
Be closer to the great iron reserves of northern Russia.
Be closer to Western Europe to open up trade through the Baltic Sea.
25
What was one of Napoleon’s main military goals?
Defeat the British enemies
Unify Europe under French rule
Seize the Roman empire
Expand the Russian empire by seizing Austria
26
The Women's March on Versailles all started because...
Women were demanding bread for their families.
King Louis enacted a law limiting women's abilty to have unlimited children
Women were sick of earning lower salaries than men.
Women wanted more political power.
27
The belief that the Sun is at the center of the universe is known as...
Mercantililsm
Heliocentrism
Hypothesis
Geocentrism
28
During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, many scientists and philosophers works:
Received support from the Catholic Church
Relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers
Examined natural laws governing the universe
Favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions
29
Marie Antoinette was known for being…
an excellent mother
King Louis XVI's mistress
a giver to the people
a big spender
30
Which statement reflects an argument of Enlightenment philosophers against the belief in the divine right of kings?
Independence is built by military might
The power of the government comes from the governed
God has chosen all government rulers
A capitalist economic system is necessary for democracy
31
After leading the Committee of Public Safety, who called for the execution of King Louis?
Marie Antoinette
Georges Danton
Maximilien Robespierre
Abee Sieyes
32
To many people in France, the Bastille was a symbol of…
The monarchy’s abuses and tyranny
Justice and equality
France’s superior legal system
France’s might and power
33
Which French king was considered an absolute monarch but a weak ruler?
King Philip X
King Louis XVI
King Henry IV
King George III
34
What aspect of the guillotine appealed to revolutionary leaders?
It looked gruesome and represented the violent revolutionary ideologies.
It required little to no maintenance.
It was cheap to make.
All citizens could be executed quickly, providing equality for all.
35
The 2nd Estate in French society was made up of...
Nobility and aristocracy
Peasants and farmers
Clergy and religious officials
Rich lawyers and doctors
36
Copernicus proposed which of the following?
The Earth travels around the sun.
The sun travels around the Earth.
Gravity keeps the planets in orbit around the sun.
The Earth is the center of the universe.
37
After the fall of Napoleon, which meeting restored Europe’s “legitimate” monarchies?
Mount Rushmore
Congress of Vienna
Treaty of Paris
Congress of Geneva
38
During the Age of Absolutism, European monarchs sought to:
Encourage the growth of cooperative farms
Centralize political power in their nation
Increase human rights for their citizens
Develop better relations with Muslim rulers
39
What was a benefit of being part of France’s 1st social estate?
Direct access to the French King
Monthly balls and galas
Exemptions on all taxes
Political connections
40
What particular event started the French Revolution?
The storming of the Bastille
Marie Antoinette’s increase in taxation for farmers
The creation of the Guillotine
King Louis XIV’s massacre of the peasants
41
Which system of government is characterized by centralization of power and rule by divine right?
absolute monarchies
limited monarchies
democracies
republics
42
Who had the Palace of Versailles built as a demonstration of wealth and power?
Catherine the Great
Maria Theresa
Louis XVI
Louis XIV
43
Who was one of the fathers of modern philosophy who deducted one unshakeable truth, "I think, therefore I am"?
Rene Descartes
Francis Bacon
William Harvey
Robert Boyle
44
Upon Napoleon’s first defeat, he was exiled to…
Stratford Town
Ellis Island
St. Mary's Island
Elba
45
How did Napoleon manage to seize power?
Marie Antoinette gave him power.
King Louis XVI died.
He organized a coup d’etat.
He was elected by the people.
