Levels of measurement

What measurement level has standardized equal intervals between units?

What measurement level is frequency of Brand X purchases per month?

What measurement level is whether students pass or fail the midterm test?

What measurement level is "ranking data that does not have equal intervals between the units"?

What measurement level is heart rate whilst watching a horror film?

Why are Likert scales (strongly agree - strongly disagree) interval-level measures?

What measurement level is "data that can be put in an order in some way e.g. places in a race"?

What measurement level is "discreet responses that can only appear in one category"?

What measurement level is... Scores on a mid-term test?

What measurement level is whether a person buys or does not buy Brand X?