What case ruling made 527 groups flourish because corporations could give them unlimited funds?

Citizens United v, Federal Election Commission

The Trial of Peter Zenger in colonial America established what new precedent?

you can criticize gov't officials if the info is true

A hierarchical organizational chart of a party with chairperson at top & candidates at bottom

may be ideal but isn't realistic

What is referred to as the "paradox of mass politics" in the US?

the success of our democracy given how little we know

Why did Democrats decide to create "superdelegates" after the McGovern - Fraser reforms?

to make sure elected officials and party leaders had power

What constitutes a "diversity citizenship" case?

civil suits from those in different states over $75000

The case Buckley v. Valeo struck down what part of campaign finance restrictions?

the part that said you can't fund your own campaign

Why is it relatively hard to hire federal employees?

They have due process rights and cannot be fired w/o proof

What is the typical relationship between elected officials, party loyalty and constituents?

Their loyalty depends on saliency of the issue

All of the following are criticisms of our current primary / caucus system EXCEPT:

it caters to low information voters

What is the relationship between fiscal federalism and cooperative federalism?

fiscal federalism encourages cooperative federalism

How is the Congressional Budget Office different from the GAO?

The CBO provides estimates for budgeting purposes

What was evident after the Kennedy v. Nixon debates in 1960?

physical attractiveness could impact electoral success

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AP Government Final Exam MONSTER Review Flashcards | StudBud

AP Government Final Exam MONSTER Review

341 termsStudBud Administration25,956 plays

A review for AP Government students preparing for the exam.

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Questions 341

Answers

1
In the 1830s, the Supreme Court ruled in Barron v. Baltimore that the Bill of Rights restrained
the state governments
all governments in the US
only the executive power
only the federal government
2
What case ruling made 527 groups flourish because corporations could give them unlimited funds?
Citizens United v, Federal Election Commission
US v. Nixon
FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life
McCain v. BCRA
3
How many justices serve on the Supreme Court?
11
10
9
7
4
The Trial of Peter Zenger in colonial America established what new precedent?
all officials criticized have a right f rebuttal
editorials are held to a different standard
you can be punished if you criticize gov't leaders
you can criticize gov't officials if the info is true
5
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
Texas v. Johnson
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
NY Times v. Sullivan
6
A hierarchical organizational chart of a party with chairperson at top & candidates at bottom
may be ideal but isn't realistic
shows that party strength is on the rise
iis a requirement in a democracy
iis accurate
7
This case banned teacher led prayer in school
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Engel v. Vitale
Employment Division v. Smith
Gitlow v. New York
8
Powers not granted to the federal government and retained by the states are called . . .
reserved
granted
federalism
enumerated
9
This amendment limits the U.S. President to two terms.
20th
23rd
22nd
21st
10
All of the following are purposes of national conventions now EXCEPT
to officially nominate a candidate
to energize the party faithful
to advertise the candidate
to debate policy openly
11
What is referred to as the "paradox of mass politics" in the US?
That the people think we have a democracy when we do not
How obsessed we are with presidential politics over local
how much people complain given how few vote
the success of our democracy given how little we know
12
What is the President's primary role in national security?
UN Ambassador
Reprieves and pardons
Commander in Chief
Party Leader
13
Why did Democrats decide to create "superdelegates" after the McGovern - Fraser reforms?
to make sure elected officials and party leaders had power
to ensure the best balloon drop at the convention
to reward big fundraisers
to rank and file party members would have a voice
14
Through what court case did John Marshall claim for the court the power of judicial review?
Marbury v. Madison
Gibbons v. Ogden
McCullough v. Maryland
U.S. v. Lopez
15
House or Senate? Small states are disproportionately represented.
Neither
House
Senate
Both
16
Giving government jobs in return for loyalty and support of elected officials is called
due process
patronage
merit system
due diligence
17
What person or groups bears the most responsibility for funding and shaping a campaign?
the candidate
the bureaucracy
the party
interest groups
18
What do legislators get out of iron triangles?
expanded budget authority
seniority in committee assignments
support from interest groups
increased staff
19
This case ruled that women have a right to an abortion in the 1st trimester without restriction
Gideon v. Wainwright
Griswold v. Connecticut
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Roe v. Wade
20
This amendment protects states from lawsuits from people not living in the state.
10th
11th
9th
12th
21
Which amendment provided for an income tax?
15th
12th
16th
10th
22
Which amendment says powers not granted to the federal government are retained by the states?
12th
10th
11th
8th
23
The power to determine voting requirements and election procedures is held by
the President
the courts
the states
the Congress
24
What is the only presidential foreign policy action that is self executing?
waging war
appointing ambassadors
executive agreements
diplomatic recognition
25
What constitutes a "diversity citizenship" case?
naturalization
admiralty and maritime law
civil suits from those in different states over $75000
bankruptcy supervision
26
Before the president appoints a federal judge from a state, he'll usually get approval from
the state's senators
the Supreme Court
the state's governor
the state's House Reps
27
The case Buckley v. Valeo struck down what part of campaign finance restrictions?
the part that said you can't fund your own campaign
the part that said you must take public funding
the part that banned hard money
the part that banned soft money
28
Why is it relatively hard to hire federal employees?
They generally quit before they can be fired
They have due process rights and cannot be fired w/o proof
It is hard to find new people willing to take the exams
They cycle out after each presidential election
29
Senatorial courtesy is most important /critical for what level of the federal courts?
the Supreme Court
the circuit courts
the district courts
30
What is the typical relationship between elected officials, party loyalty and constituents?
none of the above
Officials put party loyalty before their constituents
Officials put their constituents before their party
Their loyalty depends on saliency of the issue
31
When a newly elected president claims his/her policies should be enacted, they are claiming
bully pulpit
neutral competence
electoral mandate
state of the union
32
For a case to be heard by the Supreme Court, how many justices must vote to accept it?
4
5
6
7
33
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
think they are in it
pay dues
attend meetings
register
34
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Put a cap on malpractice lawsuits.
Republican
Democrat
35
What part of the 14th amendment allows selective incorporation of civil liberties protections?
the equal protection clause
the due process clause
the necessary and propoer clause
the elastic clause
36
How were affirmative action programs brought to an end in California?
the state legislative baody banned it
a court order
an executive order by the Governor
an initiative was passed
37
All of the following are criticisms of our current primary / caucus system EXCEPT:
the early states are not representative of the US population
few people participate
it caters to low information voters
the early states get too much attention
38
All of the following contribute to hyperdemocracy or officials "running scared" except
primaries
the power of interest groups
strong parties
short terms
39
This amendment eliminated the poll tax
25th
24th
23rd
22nd
40
A disconnect between a law/ statute and the implementation is likely due to
regulation
due process
issue networks
adminstrative discretion
41
What is the relationship between fiscal federalism and cooperative federalism?
fiscal federalism encourages cooperative federalism
Cooperative federalism caused fiscal federalism
cooperative federalism canceled fiscal federalism
You can only have one or the other, not both
42
What type of communication is most likely to discuss a candidate's positions on the issues?
tv ads
interviews with media
a poll
the nightly news
43
How is the Congressional Budget Office different from the GAO?
The CBO provides estimates for budgeting purposes
The CBO is a partisan organization
The CBO is part of the Federal Reserve
The CBO is a watchdog on the GAO
44
How long do national party conventions typically last?
1 day
1 week
4 days
3 days
45
What was evident after the Kennedy v. Nixon debates in 1960?
the effect of television on politics would be minimal
politicians must take clear positions on issues
physical attractiveness could impact electoral success
The Conservative Era was over
46
Who manages what federal cases the government will appeal to the Supreme Court?
The Chief Justice
the U.S. Marshalls
The Solicitor General
The Chief Magistrate
47
What impact did the Great Depression and Civil Rights have on the feds' commerce power?
contracted it / made smaller
it was unchanged
it was inconsistent
expanded it / made bigger
48
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer during questioning if requested?
Gideon v. Wainwright
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Escobedo v. Illinois
Miranda v. Arizona
49
An incumbent
has a 50% chance of being successful.
is seeking office for the first time
is running for re-election
has a hareder time raising money
50
The President must have the advice and consent of the Senate to make treaties and __________.
appointments
declare war
tax
veto
51
If the Supreme Court wants to hear a case, they issue a /an
oral argument
opinion
a warrant
writ of certiori
52
Conservative or liberal? Provide a "path to citizenship" for law-abiding illegal immigrants.
liberal
conservative
53
What do habeus corpus protections protect you against?
quartering troops in your home
unlawful imprisonment
treason charges
unlawful searches
54
All of the following increase the likelihood of voting EXCEPT
being educated
being young
being female
being wealthy
55
The United States government is accurately described as
a unitary federation
a republic
a democracy
an autocracy
56
The court case that broadly defined Congress' ability to control trade between states was
Giibbons v. Ogden
Dartmouth v. Woodward
Fletcher v. Peck
McCullough v. Maryland
57
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Democrat
Republican
58
What does it mean when a candidate is being "vetted"?
They are being fully "checked out" for any problems
They are fiundraising
They are being prepped for a debate
They are being nominated
59
A trial balloon is usually preceded by a
beat
leak
scandal
interview
60
The following plans / compromises are evident in the ratified Constitution except which one?
Virginia Plan
Connecticut
Slave Trade
3/5 Compromise
61
Which of the following is an example of unconventional political participation?
protest
running for office
petitioning
voting
62
Habeus Corpus rights were at first denied to hundreds of suspected terrorists being held at
Los Alamos
Alcatraz
Guantanamo
San Quentin
63
All of the following are cases that upheld the death penalty EXCEPT
Gregg v. Georgia
McClesky v. Kemp
Furman v. Georgia
Griswold v. Connecticut
64
This 1896 case ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Reynolds v. United States
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Plessy v. Ferguson
65
If a legislature declares a whole group of people to be criminals, that is called a _______?
de facto prosecution
bill of attainder
extradition
ex post facto law
66
What was the most "democratic" institution established by our founders?
The Senaste
The Electoral College
The House of Representatives
The President
67
If an issue has high saliency it means
It has a short "shelf life"
Lots of attention is being paid and it could swing votes
Lots of people are paying attention but few care
few people are paying attention
68
What court cased ruling established that arbitrary gender discrimination is unlawful?
Shaw v. Hunt
Shaw v. Reno
Reed v. Reed
Santa Clara v. Martinez
69
What Republican attracted white southerners to the Republican party with his Southern Strategy?
Goldwater
Reagan
H.W. Bush
Nixon
70
Who actually votes to nominate candidates at the national convention?
electors
voters
delegates
party leaders
71
Time, manner and place restrictions to preserve public order relate to the right to
free speech
pray
vote
assemble
72
How do U.S. elections compare with European ones?
They are longer, more exspensive and more common
They are shorter but more expensive
They are faster, cheaper, and less common
They are longer but cheaper
73
Unstated powers that are logically delegated to Congress and the president are called . . .
reserved
inherent
enumerated
supremacy powers
74
Which of the following must an American do to belong to a political party?
pay dues
think they are in it
attend meetings
register
75
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Increase taxes on the wealthy.
conservative
liberal
76
All of the following are true of caucuses EXCEPT
they were a tool of party machines and bosses in the past
the whole process takes one day
the most fanous ones are in Iowa
Only 12 states hold them
77
What federal agency oversees all hiring, providing 3 candidates to the hiring agency?
The Civil Service Commission
National Labor Relations Board
The Bureaucratic Management Agency
The Office of Personnel Management
78
Why did Antifederalists oppose the Constitution?
They felt the states were too powerful
They feared a strong federal government
They felt the Bill of Rights was flawed
They wanted a democracy
79
The National Labor Relations Board, Fed. Communications Commission and SEC are examples of
Government Corporations
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Cabinet positions
Independent Executive Agencies
80
If a state is part of "frontloading", it is probably
making it harder to get on the ballot
giving free tv time to candidates
moving its primary / caucus to an earlier date
making it easier to register to vote
81
What court ruling banned simplistic formulas that advantaged minorities in college admissions?
Grutter v. Bollinger
Gratz v. Bollinger
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Fisher v.University of Texas
82
Our nation's first government was a / an _________________.
confederation
union
direct democracy
unitary democracy
83
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "medium scrutiny" standard.
wealth
gender
race
religion
84
Al the following are concurrent powers of the federal and state governments EXCEPT?
printing currency
police power
taxation
establishing courts
85
If you are a state or local official, which of the following are you the most excited about?
block grants
enumerated powers
unfunded madates
categorical grants
86
What text says, "We hold these truths to be self evident. . . all men are created equal . . "?
The Declaration of Independence
The Gettysburg Address
The Constitution
Common Sense
87
What is the primary reason some states have more delegates than others at the convention?
they raise the most money for the party
They more reliably vote for the party
they have a larger population
they have the most registered party members
88
The advisor(s) with the least loyalty to the President tend to be
The Executive Offices
the Vice President
The cabinet
White House Staff
89
Conservative or liberal? Require photo ID to vote.
conservative
liberal
90
This amendment ended slavery
15th
14th
13th
12th
91
In what type of primaries can voters vote for different parties on the same ballot?
bicameral
closed
open
blanket
92
What is the primary reason third parties do not succeed longterm?
voter apathy
state requirementa to get on the ballpt
the winner take all system
campaign funding laws
93
Why are federal elected officials often referred to as "generalists"?
They know a lot about a few subjects.
They know a little about many subjects.
They favor military solutions in most cases.
They have the most expansive powers.
94
From the Civil War - 1960s the "Solid South" voted
Dixiecrat
Whig
Democratic
Republican
95
Case that said laws not aimed at religious interference but that have that affect are ok
Barron v. Baltimore
Employment Division v. Smith
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg
Engel v. Vitale
96
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
age
race
sexual orientation
gender
97
What agency prepares the budget, which is first proposed by the executive (since the 1920s)?
The White House Staff
The OMB
The GOA
The Council on Economic Advisors
98
This amendment says Congress can't raise their own salaries.
26th
25th
27th
24th
99
After Watergate and Vietnam, how did media treatment of the government shift?
the press became a "watchdog" on the government
the press became more deferentail to the legislative power
the press became apathetic towards the government
the press became more protective of the president
100
House or Senate? Has filibusters.
House
Senate
Neither
Both
101
These were the first two political parties in the United States.
Federalists and Democratic Republicans
Know Nothings and Whigs
Republicans and Democrats
Democrats and Whigs
102
What two multimillionaires dominated the press in the late 1800s, producing yellow journalism?
Smith and Wesson
Cooper and Flanigan
Hearst and Pulitzer
Raymour and Flanigan
103
According to the Constitution, once a year, the president is required to do what?
restate the oath
inform Congress about the state of the Union
Give a speech
hold a joint session of Congress
104
This case ruled the government must provide an attorney if a suspect cannot afford one
Gideon v. Wainwright
NAACP v. Alabama
Miranda v. Arizona
Mapp v. Ohio
105
Franking is
Unregulated
Illegal
a privilege granted to US elected officials
a duty given to US elected officials
106
Over time, national party conventions have become less
predictable
attended
fun
contentious
107
What is the largest source of revenue coming into the US government?
Fuel taxes
Income taxes
Tariffs
Corporate taxes
108
Whst American president is credited with inventing campaigning & inspiring "loyal opposition"?
Thomas Jefferson
William McKinley
Alexander Hamilton
Andrew Jackson
109
According to the Constitution you must be at least 30 years old to hold what office?
U.S. Judge
U.S. Senator
U.S. Representative
U.S. President
110
All of the following undercut the importance of campaign strategy EXCEPT
incumbency advantage
party identification
media culture
selective perception
111
This program provides pensions for the handicapped, orphaned, blind and elderly
Medicaid
Social Security
Medicare
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
112
Which of the following committees would be considered most powerful?
Energy and Commerce
Veteran's Affairs
Appropriations
Ethics
113
All of the following are new realities of the budget process due to polarization EXCEPT?
authorization bills
fiscal cliffs
omnibus bills
government shutdowns
114
What is a common way for Congressmen to get input from the bureaucracy?
hearings
deregulation
lobbying
approve appintments
115
What was the goal of the McGovern-Fraser Commission in the 1960s?
to streamline platform writing
to eliminate caucuses in favor of primaries
to regulate campaign finance
to make delegate selection more democratic
116
Why does the "Responsible Party Model" work better in Europe than in the U.S.?
Their parties are more organized
They have elections more often
They have more parties
They have more party cohesion
117
What political philosopher most inspired the writing of the Declaration?
Montesquieu
Adam Smith
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
118
Who determines the method and timing of delegate selection?
the voters through referendum
the states
the Suoreme Court
the U.S. Congress
119
Controlling for education and wealth, who is more likely to vote?
black Americans
white Americans
120
Strict constructionists seek to understand or discern
inherent powers
free exercise
original intent
judicial activism
121
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Protect the life of the unborn.
conservative
liberal
122
"Pork"and "earmarks" are nicknames for
federally funded projects that benefit a small group/region
retiring officials that become lobbyists
legislation related to agricultural subsidies
legislation that has wide appeal
123
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support free trade and low tariffs.
conservative
liberal
124
All of the following are typical actions of the President in their role as head of state EXCEPT
pardoning a turkey on Thanksgiving
pardoning criminals
receiving foreign heads of state
laying a wreath on the grave of the Unknown Soldier
125
Why are state party operations so critical to presidential candidates?
They know the election laws in that state
They raise most of the money
They do polling
They provide endorsements
126
These type of protesters have distance restrictions and cannot picket private residences:
police
zoning
abortion
school
127
What agency oversees radio & television broadcasting & requires licensing?
Public Broadcasting Corporation
Federal Communications Commission
Securities and Exchange Commission
Federal Trade Commission
128
Empty question
Empty choice
Empty choice
129
Checks & balances, separation of powers & federalism insure that change in the US will be
slow and deliberate
impossible
speedy and swift
through consesnsus
130
All of the following groups were part of the New Deal coalition EXCEPT
the wealthy
blacks
white souitherners
unions
131
What case established the media can make incorrect claims as long as they didn't intend harm?
Miller v. California
NY Times v. Sullivan
Schenk v. the United States
Texas v. Johnson
132
What agency insures that employees are allowed to organize labor unions?
FTC
NLRB
ICC
SEC
133
The most common vehicle the government uses to borrow money is
foreign banks
bond sales
tax loopholes
sequestration
134
This law banned literacy tests & allowed federal oversight of election activities in the South
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1968
The Voting Rights Act of 1965
The 24th amendment
135
This case ruled the gov't. can't use evidence gained as a result of an illegal search:
Miranda v. Arizona
NAACP v. Alabama
Mapp v. Ohio
Gregg v. Georgia
136
What "sole power" does the House of Representative hold, according to the Constitution?
Approve treaties
Taxation
Impeachment
Declare War
137
Why are signing statements controversial?
they are executive orders in disguise
They are relatively new in presidential history
They tend to indicate an intent for selective enforcement
the Constitution says the actual President must sign laws
138
Tha patronage system was reformed by what law that requires civil service exams?
Hatch Act
The Stalwart Law
The McKinley Act
Pendleton Act
139
Nixon's efforts to cut spending by refusing to spend money allocated by Congress was called
sequestration
budget resolution
impoundment
fiscal cliff
140
Which of the following type of voter is least common?
groups benefits
low information
nature of the times
idealogues
141
House or Senate? Has standing committees..
Senate
Neither
House
Both
142
What court ruling banned the use of quotas in university admissions?
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
Fisher v.University of Texas
Texas v. Johnson
Snyder v. Phelps
143
This 1971 case ruled that busing was an acceptable remedy to desegregate schools
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Plessy v. Ferguson
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
144
Another term for prior restraint is
warrant
censorship
subpoena
arrest
145
The 3 part test for government acting according to the establishment clause was established in
Employment Division v. Smith
Lemon v. Kutzman
Miller v. California
Engel v. Vitale
146
What gov't agency makes sure that commercial speech is truthful & concerns lawful activity?
Federal Reserve
Securities and Exchange
Interstate Commerce Commission
Federal Trade Commission
147
What branch of the federal government MAY be involved in amending the Constitution?
The Executive
The Bureaucracy
The Judicial
The Legislative
148
Which chief justice (appointed by Nixon) upheld abortion & ruled against him in U.S. v. Nixon?
John Roberts
Earl Warren
William Rehnquist
Warren Burger
149
The Department of Homeland Security, Education, Health and Human Services are all examples of
Cabinet positions
Independent Executive Agencies
Government Corporations
Independent Regulatory Agencies
150
All of the following were intended to limit black voting EXCEPT
grandfather clauses
literacy tests
poll taxes
primaries
151
The Hatch Act bans federal employees from engaging in what behaviors?
Electioneering during work hours
Awarding contracts without a competitive bid process
Leaking information to the press
Awarding alcohol at official government functions
152
The Bill of Rights represents what constitutional principle?
judicial review
limited government
checks and balances
separation of powers
153
All of the following are true of primaries EXCEPT?
states have them on different dates
there is a ballot
they are more common than caucuses
Voters physically meet and discuss candidates
154
All of the following are legislative bodies related to the budget process EXCEPT
The Office of Management and Budget
The Senate Finance Committee
Congressional Budget Office
The House Ways and Means Committee
155
What is the status of the constitutionality of the War Powers Resolution?
It has not been tested.
It has been struck down.
It has been upheld.
It is currently pending.
156
What case established students can wear arm bands to school in symbolic protest ?
Schenk v. the United States
Miller v. California
Texas v. Johnson
Tinker v. DesMoines
157
Who are the litigants in a case?
the plaintiff and defendent
the lawyers
the judges
the members of the jury
158
This case ruled the gov't. can't require private organizations to turn over membership lists
Mapp v. Ohio
Gregg v. Georgia
NAACP v. Alabama
Miranda v. Arizona
159
Which amendment banned alcohol in the U.S.?
18th
19th
25th
21st
160
This amendment gave black males the right to vote
13th
15th
14th
12th
161
What type of primary do political parties like best?
blanket
closed
open
unicameral
162
The distance between a law and implentation is called
administrative discretion
bureaucratic distance
slippage
appellate jurisdiction
163
Which type(s) of federal court(s) do not have appellate jurisdiction?
Circuit Courts
District Courts
Superior Courts
The Supreme Court
164
Presidential authority to strip out parts of bills without rejecting the whole bill is known as
ways and means
the pocket veto
the line item veto
discretionary spending
165
What IS and what is NOT present in a Court of Appeals trial?
attorneys, judges
4 judges, law fairies
3 judges, witnesses
5 judges, juries
166
Which of the following can the President do?
Initiate laws
veto laws
Initiate constitutional amendments
Declare war
167
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination based on all the following criteria EXCEPT
age
religion
race
gender
168
All of the following are ways the President might achieve a policy without passing a law EXCEPT
selective enforcement
executive agreements
veto override
executive orders
169
Who makes up the interpreting population for the court system?
criminals
attorneys
lawyers and judges
police officers & teachers
170
Discrimination based on ________________ requires the "reasonable / lowest scrutiny" standard.
gender
religion
race
age
171
What types of elections do states have that the federal government does NOT have?
general elections
policy elections
primaries
172
Is political socialization mostly formal or informal in the U.S.?
formal
informal
173
All of the following are ways the president controls the bureaucracy EXCEPT
appointments
reorganize budgets
eliminate agencies
issue executive orders
174
In what types of cases is the plaintiff always the government?
criminal
justiceable
appellate
civil
175
This amendment clarified presidential succession should the President be ill but not dead.
25th
26th
24th
23rd
176
Conservative or liberal? Increase regulations to protect the environment.
conservative
liberal
177
What percentage / fraction of the Senate must approve treaties for them to become law?
unanimous
2/3
51%
3/4
178
The Downs Model / Rational Choice Model explains
why we have polarization
Why we have two parties
why we don't have radical parties in the US
Why third parties tend to fail
179
What case declared that the accused must be read their rights upon custodial interrogation?
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Miranda v. Arizona
Escobedo v. Illinois
Gideon v. Wainwright
180
What portion of the 14th amendment is the basis for civil rights protections in the US?
the free exercise clause
the equal protection clause
the due process clause
elastic clause
181
Incrementalism in the budget process leads to
budget reconciliation
inevitable growth in budgets
the military industrial complex
delays / slow budget negotiations
182
Civil liberties protections for all citizens are based on
the Preamble
the 14th amendment
The Bill of Rights
The Declaration of Independence
183
What law requires Congressional approval to deploy troops for more than 60 days?
The Geneva Convention
The Patriot Act
The War Powers Resolution
The Enduring Freedom Act
184
How do slander and libel differ as forms of defamation?
slander is spoken and libel is written
slander is a misdemeanor and libel is a felony
libel in spoken and slander is written
libel concerns a group and skander an indiviidual
185
One key job of the bureaucracy in relation to regulation is
iron triangles
rule-making
passing laws
filing class action lawsuits
186
When judges are accused of letting their personal views shape decisions, unconstitutionally:
judicial activism
due process
strict constructionism
judicial restraint
187
All of the elements below are part of iron triangles EXCEPT
bureaucrats
the President
interest groups
legilslators
188
All of the following happen at a party's national convention EXCEPT?
the writing of the party platform
a debate between the two leading candidates
candidate nomination
a speech by the Vice Presidential nominee
189
Media tends to be biased in all the following ways EXCEPT?
They focus on odd/ unusual
they focus on issues
They focus on individuals
they tend to be liberal
190
The purposes of government are discussed in what part of the Constitution?
The Introduction
The Mutual Pledge
The Preamble
The Bill of Rights
191
What party did Abraham Lincoln found?
Know Nothing
Republican
Democrat
Whig
192
This 1857 case ruled that blacks were not citizens and slaves were property.
Reynolds v. United States
Plessy v. Ferguson
Griswold v. Connecticut
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
193
When does a federal judge leave office?
After 10 years
After 5 years
when they choose or die
after a no confidence vote
194
This court case established the "medium scrutiny" standard for gender-based classification
Schaffley v. Hoke
Craig v. Boren
Reed v. Reed
ERA v. Hunt
195
What do bureaucrats get out of iron triangles?
endorsements
lobbyists
less red tape
more authority and bigger budgets
196
Discrimination based on ___________________ requires the "strict scrutiny" standard.
religion
wealth
sexual orientation
gender
197
What case declared that the accused must be provided a lawyer if they cannot afford one?
Miranda v. Arizona
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Escobedo v. Illinois
Gideon v. Wainwright
198
Executive agreements are like treaties in which of the following ways?
They are binding for the next President
They indicate the President's intentions
They need UN approval
They need Senate approval
199
What type of polls are candidates LEAST likely to use?
voter perception
key word / phrasing polls
push polls
exit poLling
200
All of the following indicate an intention to return power to the states from the feds EXCEPT
extradition
nullification
devolution
Nixon's New Federalismj
201
What part of the Civil Rights Act banned discrimination in federally funded programs?
Title XI
Title IX
Title XX
Title V
202
The model where you elect someone and expect them to use their judgement when voting is the
politico model
instructed delegate model
trustee model
agency model
203
The two models of organization for White House Staff are hiearchical and
flat
wheel and spoke
solar
circular
204
How has the gov't. ensured press access to the war front & insured context in their reporting?
the military provides info to be vetted by the press
they put no restrictions on the press in war torn areas
all war reporters are members of the military
they allow reporters to "embed" with military units
205
Which of the following is true of Political Action Committees (PACS)?
There are limits to how much they can accept from any person
They coordinate closely with their candidate
their donors can remain anonymous
they tend to support incumbents
206
This amendment provided for the direct election of senators.
19th
18th
17th
16th
207
All the following constitutionally "bind" states EXCEPT
extradition
dual federalism
full faith and credit clause
privileges and immunities protections
208
This law said suspected terrorists can be wiretapped and residences searched without notice
Wikileaks Act
Patriot Act
Protect America Act
Freedom Act
209
Uncontrollable expenditures result from
entitlements
tax indexing
tax loopholes
deficit spending
210
To hold what federal office must you have been a citizen for 7 years?
U.S. Judge
U.S. Representative
U.S. President
U.S. Senator
211
Interest groups and political parties differ in that
Parties have legislative goals
political parties offer selective benefits
political parties are involved in electioneering
political parties' main goal is to get candidates elected
212
All of the following were a part of the 1974 Federal Elections Campaign Act EXCEPT
a program to publicly fund campaigns was started
required reporting of income/spending
required candidtes to take public funds
limited contributions
213
Where is judicial review "covered" in the Constitution?
Article III
Article VI
It's not
Article I
214
What was the ruling in Korematsu v. The United States?
Internment of Japanese US citizens is unconstitutional
People of Japanese ancestry born in the US are not citizens
Internment of people of Japanese ancestry is constitutional
Germans and Italians should also be interned
215
What case declared that "separate is inherently unequal", ending school segregation?
Miranda v. Arizona
Brown v. Board of Ed of Topeka Kansas
Escobedo v. Illinois
Gideon v. Wainwright
216
House or Senate? Committee assignments are based on seniority.
House
Neither
Both
Senate
217
What is a common outcome of lack of party cohesion?
voter apathy
runaway spending
rapid passage of laws
separation of powers
218
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Subsidize renewable energy development.
Democrat
Republican
219
Thanks to the 22nd amendment, the President is now inaugurated in this month.
March
February
December
January
220
What case established it is constitutional to burn the US flag in symbolic protest ?
Miller v. California
Tinker v. DesMoines
Schenk v. the United States
Texas v. Johnson
221
All of the following are tasks of political parties EXCEPT
run polls on election day
coordinate campaigns
articulate policies
pick candidates
222
What is the driving focus of organization and action in local political party orgs today?
information management and mobilization
patronage
converting voters
polling and policy positions
223
What article of the Constitution explains the judicial branch?
Article III
Article II
Article I
Article IV
224
House or Senate? The Vice President breaks ties.
Senate
Both
House
Neither
225
The largest portion of DISCRETIONARY federal spending goes to
education
defense
foreign aid
medicare
226
House or Senate? Allows floor amendments.
Senate
House
227
Is the following position conservative or liberal? Support / expansion of government programs.
liberal
conservative
228
The idea that a popular candidate at the top of the ballot can help elect other party members
approval ratings
endorsements
bandwagon
coattails
229
What has been true about American's attitudes about government since 1964?
they have become more informed
they have become more ideological
They have less trust in the governmnt
They have voted more often
230
What party, est. in the 1890s, failed to defeat the Republicans despite support from Democrats?
Know Nothings
Dixiecrats
Whigs
Populists
231
How has TV coverage of conventions changed over time?
It is longer
It is more in depth
It is nonexistent
it is shorter
232
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Privatize Social Security.
Republican
Democrat
233
What congressional office regulates the spending of public funds?
The General Accounting Office
The Federal Reserve
The Congressional Budget Office
The Bean Counting Patrol
234
When Sen. Majority Leade Reid cut the # of votes needed to approve judges it was deemed
sequestration
the filibuster
free exercise
the nuclear option
235
For what primary reason do parties hold primaries and / or caucuses?
To build enthusiasm
To select a candidate for the general election
To raise money
to produce a party platform
236
McCain Feingold, a.k.a. the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) did all the following EXCEPT
barred issue ads by outside groups before an election
required reporting of PAC contributions
eliminated the public funding option
increased the amount individuals to donate to candidates
237
What is the purpose of a caucus in the House, Senate or made of both Reps and Senators?
To stop amendments
To iron differences out on controversial topics
To stop legislation
To focus their collective energy of a specific area
238
What innovation in broadcasting led to the development of "narrowcasting"?
the internet
cable television
satellite tv
netflix
239
Expanded influence of the feds over the states through funding is called . . .
incumbency
fiscal federalism
fiscal policy
concurrent powers
240
How many levels are the federal court system?
three
five
two
four
241
Voters registered as independents are positively correlated with what behavior?
fundraising
protesting
ticket-splitting
voting
242
All of the following tend to happen as you age EXCEPT
you attend to the news
You vote for Democrats
you vote more
you get more conservative
243
Under the Articles of Confederation, what power did the federal government have?
to create courts
to regulate interstate trade
to tax
negotiate treaties
244
Cesar Chavez led boycotts and demonstrations to get better protections for what group?
hispanics
migrant workers
women
asians
245
What prevents the press form being too "tough" on the government and officials?
they need access to government officials
They are inherently patriotic
they are liberal biased towards government intervention
They might alienate viewers
246
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Oppose mandatory minimum sentencing programs.
Democrat
Republican
247
NASA, National Science Foundation & General Services are all examples of
Independent Executive Agencies
Cabinet positions
Government Corporations
Independent Regulatory Agencies
248
What fact might indicate that an incumbent is in a tight reelection race?
They are avoiding media attention
they increase campaign spending
they participate in debates
they are taking clear positions on issues
249
The Supreme Court has had original jurisdiction in all the following cases EXCEPT
capital punishment cases
between a state and a country
between 2 or more states
between the US and states
250
In 1972, what constitutional amendment failed to be ratified?
Gay Rights
Tutle IX
Fuel Independence
The Equal Rights Amendment
251
What case ruling struck down anti-sodomy laws, granting gay people a right to privacy?
Smith v. Texas
Reece v. Texas
Texas v. Johnson
Lawrence v. Texas
252
When the President is using the "bully pulpit", what tool is probably nearby?
a shovel
a pen
a light saber
a microphone
253
What is the relationship between policy entrepreneurs and media?
it is nonexistent
policy entrpreneurs depend on media for agenda setting
it is contentious
Media outlets depend on policy entrpreneurs for ratings
254
What indicator is most significantly correlated with presidential approval ratings?
economic indicators
gold medals earned by the US at the Olympics
character ratings
foreign policy achievements
255
House or Senate? Has a Speaker.
Both
House
Neither
Senate
256
A judge appointed as a recess appointment can serve for no longer than
1 year
3 years
2 years
6 months
257
This 1954 case ruled that "separate but equal" was inherently unequal
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas
Dredd Scott v. Sanford
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Plessy v. Ferguson
258
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Get rid of the "death tax" (a.k.a estate taxes)
Democrat
Republican
259
When is a party usually most cohesive in terms of voting as a bloc?
when declaring war
impeachment
domestic issues
leadership votes
260
If a case is decided as "stare decisis" , what does that mean?
they tied
they defer to the lower court ruling
they were unanimous
they want to lower courts to retry it
261
The goal of the Graham-Rudman-Hollings act of the 1980s had what goal?
returning budget initiation to Congress
a balanced budget
a deficit tied to the GDP
passing a flat tax
262
The effect of iron triangles is typically
socialism
hyperpluralism
elitism
pluralism
263
What was the first form of mass media?
telegraph
radio
daily newspapers
television
264
The fact that Congress initiates laws is an example of . . .
judicial review
separation of power
limited government
checks and balances
265
What president failed in his efforts to "pack" the Supreme Court with 6 more justices?
Richard Nixon
John Kennedy
Franklin Roosevelt
Teddy Roosevelt
266
What is the point of a trial balloon?
to launch a campaign
to see public reaction before making a public announcement
to mend fences after a scandal
to see how high it will go without popping
267
Most common criminals are prosecuted in what courts?
state
district
federal
appellate
268
Which of the following is true of the bureaucracy?
Salaries for federal employees is variable and unpredictable
Military personnel make up the largest segment
10% is appointed by the President after inauguration
It has grown sharply since the 1970s
269
People and groups who have a perspective on a case, but are not directly involved, can
testify
hire lobbyists
file amicus curiae briefs
obtain standing
270
This case limited federal power by ruling that the feds couldn't designate "gun free zones"
Schechter Poultry v. U.S.
U.S. v. Lopez
Butler v. U.S.
U.S. v. Nixon
271
All of the following are ADMINISTRATIVE functions of the President EXCEPT
execute the law
nominate officials
issue pardons
fill vacancies
272
What court ruling raised the standard for contract set-asides to "compelling gov't. interest"?
Fisher v.University of Texas
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Gratz v. Bollinger
Regents of Univ. of CA v, Bakke
273
What branch can create "inferior courts" of the federal system?
Judicial
Bureaucracy
Executive
Legislative
274
What case established that the government can regulate corporations under the commerce clause?
Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
Munn v. Illinois
Sweatt v. Paint
Gibbons v. Ogden
275
What percentage of delegates does a candidate need to get the nomination?
2/3 or 75%
the largest percentage of all candidates
50% +1
100%
276
The significance of campaign strategy
is often underestimated
is that it typically converts voters
is that it sets the policy agenda
is generally overstated
277
All of the following are a types of third parties we have seen in US politics EXCEPT
popular person-based
revolutionary
issue / cause
splinter
278
What law requires employers to reasonable accommodate people with disabilities?
The Disabled Freedom Act
The Handicapped Bill of Rights
The Americans With Disabilities Act
The Disabled Accommodation Act
279
All of the following demographic trends in the U.S. are true EXCEPT:
the population is shifting to the south
The median age is getting higher.
We will soon be a majority minority nation
Blacks outnumber hispanics
280
The Supreme Court ruled NC had gone too far in using race as a factor in drawing districts in
Shaw v. Reno
harris v. Forklift Systems
Craig v. Boren
Reed v. North Carolina
281
What is a leading contributor to the superficial nature of modern media?
24 hour news channels
the prevalence of sound bites
Internet ads
consolidation of news outlets
282
Across the board cuts that result when the budget process bogs down are called
omnibus bills
regressive taxing
structural debt
sequestration
283
What case est. that the least restrictive remedy must be used when limiting adult programming?
United States v. Playboy Entertainment
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
284
Third parties serve all of the following functions EXCEPT
make elections less volatile
inject new issues into the policy agenda
motivate more people to vote
safety valve for popular discontent
285
What do family, mass media, school and peers have in common related to politics?
They are all interest groups
They are all informal
They are all potential groups
They are all agents of socialization
286
What caused a steady increase in the cost of campaigns in the late 1950s and early 60s?
inflation
television
new state election laws
staffing requirements
287
Which of the following is true of Supreme Court opinions?
All are written by the Chief Justice
they are either concurring or dissenting
They must meet the standard of stare decisis
They must be unaninmous
288
According to Max Weber, all of the following are characteristics of bureaucracies EXCEPT
chain of command
reliance on technology
division of labor
promotion based on merit
289
What group gained citizenship and could vote in 1924?
immigrants
migrant workers
blacks
native americans
290
Which of the following Constitutional principles insures we are not a confederation?
elastic clause
limited government
supremacy clause
implied powers
291
During the Clinton administration, government spending was addressed by "offsets" meaning
estate taxes would be raised each time spending went up
savings from making cuts are converted to tax cuts
department budgets would all be cut to zero and built back
increased spending in one area must be offset by cuts
292
Implied powers were upheld when the courts approved the national bank as a result of what case?
Gibbons v. Ogden
McCullough v. Maryland
Fletcher v. Peck
Marbury v. Madison
293
What is casework?
Constituent services
Preparation for committee hearings
How a lawyer prepares for trial
research Congressional staffers do for committees
294
What is the President's main check on judicial power?
judge appointments
impeachment
file amicus curiae briefs
judicial review
295
Which of the following is true of 527 groups?
they disclose the names of contributors
they produce issue ads
They coordinate closely with candidates
They are for profit taxable organizations
296
What aspect of campaigns gets the most media attention?
"horserace" coverage
policy positions
fundraising
the candidate's voting record
297
Which leadership model is related to a direct democracy?
politico
trustee
division of labor
instructed delegate
298
All of the following would make approval of a Supreme Court nominee more difficult EXCEPT
The Senate and President are from different parties
it is the end of the President's second term
the nominee is older
the nominee is relatively unknown
299
How many years must you have lived in the US to be President?
15 years
20 years
30 years
14 years
300
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 defined ___________________ as a form of discrimination.
inaccessibility
exclusion
disability
accommodation
301
What's the remedy if each house of Congress has passed a similar but not identical bill?
joint committee
caucus
conference committee
casework
302
Who was the 1st US President to control the press by controlling info and staying on message?
H,W. Bush
W. Bush
Reagan
Clinton
303
What would be an effect of the U.S. adopting a unitary form of government instead of federal?
no states would exist
more powerful states
direct democracy
more uniformity
304
The Schechter Poultry v. U.S. case ruled that
government regulation is illegal
farm subsidies are illegal
the stock market must be reformed
The federal government was regulating trade within states
305
What case established that speech can be banned that poses a "clear and present" danger?
Miller v. California
Schenk v. the United States
Texas v. Johnson
NY Times v. Sullivan
306
How did local party bosses win support and loyalty to their party in the past?
patronage
voter fraud
advertising
providing government services
307
The idea that you don't need to outspend your opponent, but you need to get your message out is
the doctrine of sufficiency
the doctrine of currency
the doctrine of efficiency
the doctrine of campaign finance
308
What court case established the "hostile environment" standard for sexual harassment cases?
Harris v. Forklift Systems
Employment Division v. Smith
Playboy Entertainment v. United States
Reed v. Reed
309
House or Senate? Has a rules committee.
Neither
House
Senate
Both
310
Republican or Democratic platform "plank"? Protect a woman's right to choose an abortion.
Democrat
Republican
311
Most elected officials use this model of leadership
politico model
agency model
trustee model
instructed delegate model
312
What action is Congress's best "tool" for countering judicial activism?
regulations
legislation
impeachment
amendements
313
What court ruling upheld using race as part of a holistic assessment in admissions decisions?
Fisher v.University of Texas
Gratz v. Bollinger
Adarand Construction v. Pena
Grutter v. Bollinger
314
Whose term lasts six years?
U.S. Senators
U.S. judges
U.S. President
U.S. Representatives
315
In the legislative process, what type of laws must originate in the House of Representatives?
declaring war
treaty approval
taxation bills
creating courts
316
Which article of the Constitution outlines the amendment process?
Article III
Article V
Article IV
Article VI
317
What amendment gave women the right to vote?
17th
20th
19th
18th
318
Comstat, Amtrack and the Postal Service are all examples of
Government Corporations
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Cabinet positions
Independent Executive Agencies
319
What case said the 14th amendment could extend civil liberties protections to the state level?
Gitlow v. New York
Schenk v. the United States
Engel v. Vitale
Lemon v. Kurtzman
320
The clear division of powers between the state and federal government is known as
cooperative federalism
fiscal federalism
new federalism
dual federalism
321
In what part of the Constitution are political parties discussed?
No part
Article V
Article II
Article III
322
Which of the following is not one of the purposes mentioned in the Preamble?
establish justice
ensure domestic tranquility
provide for the general welfare
due process
323
How many justices must concur with an opinion for it to be considered precedent setting?
4
7
6
5
324
What case ruled that congressional districts must be drawn to have equal #s of people in them?
Miranda v. Arizona
Baker v. Carr
Gideon v. Wainwright
Swann v . Charlotte Mecklenberg Schools
325
House or Senate? Holds impeachment trials.
Senate
Neither
Both
House
326
For what is Betty Freidan famous?
writing The Feminine Mystique
Starting Ms. Magazine
Being the lead lawyer in Roe v. Wade
founding the National Organization for Women
327
You must prove you have been directly affected to prove that you have this in court
standing
representation
jurisprudence
legitimacy
328
What has led to a drop in the competitiveness of districts & a decline in contested elections?
electioneering
filibustering
polarization
gerrymandering
329
What case established broadcasting can be regulated at a higher standard than newspapers?
Red Lion Broadcasting v. FCC
NY Times v. Sullivan
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v, California
330
Teacher led prayers violate the
no establishment clause
free exercise clause
equal protectiion clause
due process clause
331
Which courts have original jurisdiction in some cases?
Supreme and Appeals
District only
Supreme and District
District and Appeals
332
At the start of our republic, to vote you had to meet all the following criiteria EXCEPT
property owner
white
male
Christian
333
Which of the following is an example of a beat?
narrowcast
press conference
newscast
politics
334
This case ruled that "undue burden" will be the lesser standard for abortion restrictions
Planned Parenthood v. Casey
Roe v. Wade
Griswold v. Connecticut
Gideon v. Wainwright
335
What effect did Shay's Rebellion have on the "founding fathers"?
They were eager to create a stronger federal government.
They added a Bill of Rights to the Constitution
They feared a stronger federal power.
They opposed federal taxation
336
Which party requires that primary / caucus results be used to assign delegates proportionally?
Democrats
Republicans
337
All of the following are true about impeachment EXCEPT
Two U.S. presidents have been impeached
The chief Justice oversees the trial
The House decides the charges
standards for whaat is impeachable are very clear
338
What fraction of state legislatures/ conventions must approve of all Constitutional amendmentS?
1/2
3/4
100%
2/3
339
What case established a 3 part test for obscenity?
NY Times v. Sullivan
Texas v. Johnson
Miller v. California
Schenk v. the United States
340
If the President cannot get his judges approved by the Senate, what is his/her other option?
a recess appointment
shrink the # of courts
a veto war
executive order
341
Why did Eisenhower say that his appointment of Earl Warren was a mistake?
He stepped down after 3 years
He "flipped" to the conservative side
He criticized Ike's response to the Little Rock Crisis
He "flipped" to the liberal side