Which is the correct definition for placebo?

An inert substance that is not a drug

A pt on coumadin has an (INR) value of 2.5. How does the nurse interpret this reported value

The patient's warfarin dose is therapeutic.

take the levodopa at shorter dosing intervals.

Infant recieves the MMR II what should the nurse tell the mom to make the fussy baby feel better

Apply warm compresses to the injection site.

A pt asks about taking potassium supplements while taking spironolactone (Aldactone). What is the nurse's best response?

"There is no need for extra potassium."

A pt is taking guaifenesin (Humibid) as part of treatment for a sinus infection. Which instruction will the rn include

Increase fluid intake to help loosen and liquefy secretions.

It may take several months for a response to occur. Continue med

When applying transdermal nitroglycerin patches, which instruction by the nurse is correct?

“Rotate application sites with each dose.”

The nurse is aware that the most appropriate time to begin patient education and the teaching-learning process is

upon the patient’s admission to the health care setting.

What education and discharge information for a pt receiving an antilipemic medication would the nurse include for the pt

Continue your exercise, and maintain a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids.

How should the rn respond to a 30 y/0 pt wanting info on the papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil)

“This vaccine is recommended for women 13 to 26 years of age.”

Obtain an order for a spacer device.

The nurse knows that “good cholesterol” refers to which lipids?

High density lipoprotiens (HDLs)

A pt believes that taking megadoses of vit C is healthy. What should the rn tell the pt about megadoses of vitamin C?

Megado vit C may cause nausea, vomiting, headache, and abdominal cramps.

“This is an expected adverse effect. Let me take your pulse.”

What is transdermal nitroglycerin patches used for?

To prevent the occurrence of angina

Rn admin vancomycin (Vancocin) Which measure is appropriate for the rn to implement in order to reduce complications

Infusing the drug over at least 1 hour

What is the goal of parkinson's medication?

Improve the patient’s ability to carry out activities of daily living.

Which assessment findings best support the nursing diagnosis of “Deficient knowledge related to medication therapy”?

Patient is unable to verbalize reason for taking the medication.

When the therapeutic range of a drug is narrow, what should the nurse expect?

Blood levels of the drug would be monitored throughout therapy.

Dr asks for a solution of premixed lidocaine and epinephrine. The rn knows that the epinephrine is used for which reason

keeps the anesthetic at the site of action and decreases bleeding.

“Sometimes these drops may cause burning, but it should go away soon.”

When the nurse is administering topical nitroglycerin ointment, which technique is correct?

Remove the old ointment before new ointment is applied.

African Americans probably respond best to which combination of medications?

Diuretics and calcium channel blockers

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Pharmacology Final (all T2Cs)

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Questions 76

Answers

1
A rn would monitor older adults who are prescribed a benzo for treatment of insomnia for which potential side effect?
Red rash
Hallucinations
Unsteady gait
Alertness
2
A drug moves through the hepatic system, very little active drug is left in the general circulation as a result of what
First-pass effect
Biologic half life
Theraputic range
Plasma protien binding
3
Which is the correct definition for placebo?
An investigational drug used in a new drug study
A substance that is not approved as a drug but is used as an herbal product
An inert substance that is not a drug
A legend drug that requires a prescription
4
The nurse is aware that the ethical principle of “Do no harm” is known by which name?
Autonomy
Beneficenc
Nonmaleficence
Confidentiality
5
While assessing a patient who is taking a beta blocker for angina, the nurse knows to monitor for which adverse effect?
Dry cough
Nervousness
Hypertension
Bradycardia
6
A pt on coumadin has an (INR) value of 2.5. How does the nurse interpret this reported value
The patient is receiving a dangerously high amount of heparin.
The patient is not receiving enough warfarin for a therapeutic effect.
The patient's warfarin dose is therapeutic.
The pt is not receiving enough subcutaneous heparin
7
What type of immuni occurs when antibody pass from mom to baby during breastfeeding or through the placenta during preg
Natural passive immunization
Attenuating immunization
Artificial passive immunization
Artificial active immunization
8
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take levodopa at longer dosing intervals.
increase the dosing to increase receptor binding
take the levodopa at shorter dosing intervals.
start taking a drug that reduces levodopa’s half-life.
9
Infant recieves the MMR II what should the nurse tell the mom to make the fussy baby feel better
Apply warm compresses to the injection site.
Observe the site for further swelling and redness.
Bring the infant in to the ED for an immediate examination.
Apply an ice pack to the injection site.
10
Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a patient who has received a sedative-hypnotic drug?
Fluid volume excess
Risk for injury and falls
Risk for infection
Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion
11
Naloxone can reverse the effect of what drug?
Prednisone
Aspirin
Morphine
Acetaminophen
12
A pt asks about taking potassium supplements while taking spironolactone (Aldactone). What is the nurse's best response?
Potassium supplements are usually not necessary
"There is no need for extra potassium."
"I will call your doctor and let him know of your concern."
"You are correct, I will go get some"
13
A pt is taking guaifenesin (Humibid) as part of treatment for a sinus infection. Which instruction will the rn include
Report symptoms that last longer than 2 days.
Increase fluid intake to help loosen and liquefy secretions.
Report clear-colored sputum to the prescriber.
Avoid driving a car or operating heavy machinery
14
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Stop the drug you may need a different drug reginem
Double dose until you feel better
You may need to ask your provider for a different med
It may take several months for a response to occur. Continue med
15
When applying transdermal nitroglycerin patches, which instruction by the nurse is correct?
“Use only the chest area for application sites.”
“Temporarily remove the patch if you go swimming.”
“Rotate application sites with each dose.”
“Apply the patch to the same site each time.”
16
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Clonazepam
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Estazolam
17
The nurse is aware that the most appropriate time to begin patient education and the teaching-learning process is
at the time discharge planning is begun.
when there are written orders for teaching.
once the medical diagnosis is established .
upon the patient’s admission to the health care setting.
18
What education and discharge information for a pt receiving an antilipemic medication would the nurse include for the pt
Continue your exercise, and maintain a diet high in omega-3 fatty acids.
“This med will take over and decrease cholesterol"
double your dose if you miss a dose
"Stop taking the medication if it causes nausea and vomiting."
19
The rn checks the pt’s medical hx knowing that glucocorticoid therapy is contraindicated in which disorder?
Peptic ulcer disease
Tuberculous meningitis
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cerebral edema
20
How should the rn respond to a 30 y/0 pt wanting info on the papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil)
“I will get the first dose of the vaccine ready.”
“There will be a total of three injections.”
“This vaccine is recommended for women 13 to 26 years of age.”
“We will need to make sure you are not pregnant first.”
21
Most drug references provide recommended pediatric dosages based on which of the following?
Total body water content
Height
Fat-to-lean mass ratio
Body weight
22
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Ask the prescriber if the medication can be given orally.
Notify the prescriber that the patient is unable to use the MDI.
Obtain an order for a peak flow meter.
Obtain an order for a spacer device.
23
While a pt is receiving antilipemic therapy, the rn knows to monitor the pt closely for the development of which problem
Liver dysfunction
Vitamin C deficiency
Pulmonary problems
Neutropenia
24
The nurse knows that “good cholesterol” refers to which lipids?
Low density lipoprotiens (LDLs)
High density lipoprotiens (HDLs)
Very low density lipoprotiens (VLDLs)
Triglycerides
25
A pt believes that taking megadoses of vit C is healthy. What should the rn tell the pt about megadoses of vitamin C?
Megadoses of vitamin C can lead to scury like symptoms.
They may cause dangerous heart dysrhythmias.
They are usually nontoxic because vitamin C is water-soluable.
Megado vit C may cause nausea, vomiting, headache, and abdominal cramps.
26
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Infant’s stature
Adult’s longer exposure to toxins
Infant’s smaller weight
Immaturity of neonatal organs
27
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“The next scheduled nebulizer treatment will be skipped.”
“I will notify the physician about this adverse effect.”
“We will hold the treatment for 24 hours.”
“This is an expected adverse effect. Let me take your pulse.”
28
What is transdermal nitroglycerin patches used for?
To prevent the occurrence of angina
To prevent low blood pressure
To relieve shortness of breath
To keep the heart rate from rising too high during exercise
29
RN notes that the pt will be starting anticoagulant therapy. What is the primary goal of anticoagulant therapy
Dilating the vessel around a clot
Dissolving an existing thrombus
Preventing thrombus formation
Stabilizing an existing thrombus
30
Rn admin vancomycin (Vancocin) Which measure is appropriate for the rn to implement in order to reduce complications
Discontinuing the drug immediately if"red man" syndrome occurs
Infusing the drug over at least 1 hour
Monitoring blood pressure for hypertension during the infusion
Restricting fluids during vancomycin therapy
31
ACE inhibitors and ARBs both work to decrease blood pressure by which action?
Prevent aldosterone secretion
Prevent the formation of angiotensin II
Increase the breakdown of bradykinin
Enhance sodium and water resorption
32
What is the goal of parkinson's medication?
stimulate the growth of new neurons.
reduce the occurrence of psychiatric disorders.
prevent hypertensive crisis.
Improve the patient’s ability to carry out activities of daily living.
33
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Cataracts
Open-angle glaucoma
Ocular infections
Removal of foreign bodies
34
pt has rr of 6 breaths/min as a result of a large dose of pain meds. Which term most accurately describes this reaction?
Allergic reaction
idiosyncratic reaction
Toxicity
Side effect
35
Which assessment findings best support the nursing diagnosis of “Deficient knowledge related to medication therapy”?
Patient is not reporting side effects as directed
Patient is unwilling to adher to medication therapy.
Patient is not taking medication as directed
Patient is unable to verbalize reason for taking the medication.
36
What is the antidote for warfarin?
Protamine sulfate
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Potassium chloride
37
When the therapeutic range of a drug is narrow, what should the nurse expect?
The drug would produce many adverse effects at low doses.
Blood levels of the drug would be monitored throughout therapy.
The drug would only be used in an emergency.
The drug would produce the desired effect at low doses.
38
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C III
C V
C II
C IV
39
Hydroxymethylglutaryl–coenzyme A (HMG–CoA reductase) inhibitors (statins) are generally administered at which time?
When the stomach is empty
With breakfast
In the evening
With an antacid
40
A fixed dose of hydralazine and isorbide (BiDil) has been approved to treat Heart Failure in people of which descent?
Asian
Hispanic
African
Mediterranian
41
Dr asks for a solution of premixed lidocaine and epinephrine. The rn knows that the epinephrine is used for which reason
Epinephrine contributes to a balanced anesthetic state.
The anesthetic enhances the effect of the epinephrine.
keeps the anesthetic at the site of action and decreases bleeding.
It prevents an anaphylactic reaction from occurring.
42
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“That’s unusual. Let me rinse the medication from your eye.”
“Let’s wait and see if these effects happen the next time.”
“These may be serious side effects, so I will notify your doctor"
“Sometimes these drops may cause burning, but it should go away soon.”
43
When the nurse is administering topical nitroglycerin ointment, which technique is correct?
Apply the ointment only in the case of a mild angina episode.
Remove the old ointment before new ointment is applied.
Apply the ointment on the skin on the forearm
Massage the ointment into the skin, and cover the area with plastic wrap.
44
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Intrinsic factor
Coenzymes
Magnesium
Vitamin D
45
What is midazolam (versed) most common effect?
Decreased HR
Amnesia
Increased respiratory rate
Constipation
46
An elderly pt tells the rn that he uses aspirin for “anything that hurts.” The rn will assess the pt for the presence of
Photosensitivity and nervousness
Black tarry stools
Nonproductive cough
Constipation
47
A pt is at risk for a stroke. Which drug is recommended to prevent platelet aggregation for stroke prevention
Aspirin
ateplase (Activase)
Warfarin
Heparin
48
African Americans probably respond best to which combination of medications?
ACE inhibitors and beta blockers
ACE inhibitors and diuretics
Diuretics and calcium channel blockers
Diuretics and beta blockers
49
Which medication has antiplatelet properties?
alteplase
heparin
enoxaparin
clopidogrel
50
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Second
First
Risk is same throughout pregnancy
Third
51
Elevation of B-natriuretic peptide (BNP) suggest HF because BNP is released when the
heart beats faster
heart does not get enough oxygen
heart chambers become enlarged
heart muscle thickens
52
Which drug would the rn expect to be chosen for therapy for MRSA?
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Tobramycin (Nebcin)
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
53
Which is an expected outcome associated with the administration of digoxin?
Increased blood pressure
Decreased urinary output
Increased heart rate
Decreased heart rate
54
When educating a pt recently placed on inhaled corticosteroids, the nurse will discuss which potential adverse effects?
Oral candidiasis and dry mouth
Headache and rapid heart rate
Anxiety and palpitations
Fatigue and depression
55
A pt takes an antidiabetic and then does not have a chance to eat for several hours. What reaction may occur
hypoglycemia
a teratogenic effect
a skin rash
an anticholinergic effect
56
While completing preoperative patient teaching, the nurse explains that general anesthesia
typically is achieved using only one type of medication.
results in moderate sedation
provides anesthesia to a specific regions of the body
produces deep muscle relaxation and loss of consciousness
57
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Readiness for enhanced self-health management
Noncomplience
Decreased cardiac output
Risk for constipation
58
Which adverse effect is of most concern for the older adult pt taking a vasodilator for hypertension
Dry mouth
Restlessness
Hypotension
Constipation
59
The nurse is reviewing the therapeutic effects of (NSAIDs), which include which effect?
Anxiolytic
Sedative
Antimicrobial
Antipyretic
60
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Abdominal cramping
Drowsiness
Constipation
Decreased libido
61
Rn gives dose (too high).Which of the following interventions would be least likely to be beneficial in this situation ?
Assess the patient for effects of the drug
Place the nurse on unpaid leave
rn identify possible strategies to prevent this type of error in the future
Report the error to the institution’s safety coordinator
62
A pt has been advised to add a nasal spray to treat a cold. The rn will include which instruction?
“Avoid use of this spray if a fever develops.”
“Continue the spray until nasal stuffiness has resolved.”
“Limit use of this spray to 3 to 5 days.”
“You won’t see effects for at least 1 week.”
63
Which of the following drugs may be used to treat digoxin toxicity?
All the above
Digoxin immune FAB
Activated charcoal
Colestipol
64
Which laboratory value depicts a known side effect of furosemide (Lasix)?
Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia
Hypophosphatemia
Hyperchloremia
65
What drug class may interact with corticosteroids?
Antibiotics
Opioid analgesics
NSAIDs
Antidepressants
66
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Drowsiness
Palpitations
Heartburn
Bradycardia
67
Which of the following drugs can increase the risk of Reye’s syndrome in children who have viral infections?
Aspirin
Butorphanol (Stadol)
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Tramadol (Ultram)
68
pt will be awake during the procedure but probably will not remember it. What type of anesthetic is used?
Local anesthetic
Spinal anesthetic
Moderate sedation
Topical anesthetic
69
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Contact the prescriber to clarify the order.
Wait until the prescriber makes rounds again to clarify the order.
Ask the patient what medications he takes at home.
Ask a colleague what the order says.
70
When a pt is on aminoglycoside therapy, the nurse will monitor the patient for which indicators of potential toxicity?
Decreased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels
White blood cell count of 8000 cells/mm3
Tinnitus and dizziness
Fever
71
Patient teaching for sublingual nitroglycerin tablets
Take up to 5 doses at 15-minute intervals for an angina attack.
If the tablet does not dissolve quickly, chew the tablet for maximal effect
If the chest pain is not relieved after one tablet, call 911 immediately.
Wait 1 minute between doses of sublingual tablets, up to 3 doses.
72
An example of a drug allergy is
breathing difficulty after an injection of penicillin
urinary retention associated with atropine use
increased urination occurring with use of a thiazide diuretic
dry mouth occurring with use of an antihistamine
73
While a pt is on Parkinson's medication, the rn will monitor for dyskinesia, which is manifested by which finding?
confusion and altered mental status
Difficulty in performing voluntary movements
Rigid, tense muscles
Limp extremities with weak muscle tone
74
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The patient’s dose was probably too high, so the drug is still working
Drug’s previous doses have not been completely eliminated from the body.
drug probably was not needed if the pt has not experienced any symptoms.
The patient was probably not taking the drug as prescribed.
75
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Herbal products are classified as dietary supp and do not undergo testing
The US government sets standards for quality control of herbal products
FDA requires the manufactures of herbal products to prove that herbals work
FDA enforces standards of herbal product quality and safety
76
Antidote for benzodiazepines
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Naloxone (Narcan)
Atropine
Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

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