WH Ch 17 Review

Most powerful non-governmental institution & influence on culture in Latin America.

Crops grown for trade in global markets rather than local consumption.

Later European powers in the Americas and East Indies in the Age of Exploration included all of the following EXCEPT

Initially ___ were used as forced laborers, but disease & growth of missions led Europeans to turn to African slaves.

Experienced a Golden Age in the 1500s due to ability to easily access (& take) bullion from the New World.

Won control over the spice trade in the Spice Islands from the Portuguese.

While Spain colonized the rest of Central & South America, ____ was a colony of Portugal.

Wealthy empire that was an equal trading partner with European powers during the later Age of Exploration.

The early Spanish explorers & warriors in the Americas were known as...

All of the following civilizations religious beliefs were centered around gods of nature EXCEPT:

Treaty of Tordesillas divided up early claims on new colonies between these 2 countries.

The Portuguese developed this new ship which was quick, efficient, & seaworthy for long ocean journeys.

Introduced to America in the Columbian Exchange include all of the following EXCEPT:

Goods coming from the Americas in the Columbian Exchange include all of the following EXCEPT:

In what year did Columbus reach the New World?

Decimated the Native American populations since they were isolated for 1000s of years & had no natural immunity to it

Latin American social class of mixed African & European ancestry.

America is named after this early explorer.

By sailing west from Spain, Columbus believed he would reach...

A favorable balance of trade in mercantilism is when...

The horrendous conditions of African slaves being shipped across the Atlantic was known as:

Largest group in places such as Mexico, they were of mixed Native American & European descent.

Became 1st European to reach India by sea.

Shares of ownership in a company

Advances in ____, the art of mapmaking, assisted explorers & traders.

The fact the Inca Empire was in the midst of a civil war for position of empire aided this Spaniard in their conquest

Defeated France in the Seven Years' War to gain control of most of North America & India.

Catholic religious orders active in Latin America during the age of exploration included all EXCEPT:

The Jesuits built ___ where Natives were taught Christianity, economic skills, & kept safe from forced labor

The final Aztec emperor defeated thanks to the Spanish guns, arrival of smallpox, & conquered tribes turning on them.

Major religious groups here included Muslims, Hindus, & Sikhs

Because of this, slavery was uncommon in the Spanish, Portuguese, & French colonies.

Increased knowledge of the ____ and Westerlies in the Atlantic Ocean helped Europeans journey to the Americas

The economic system of the Commercial Revolution focusing on gaining as much wealth as possible in terms of bullion.

Conquered the mighty Aztec Empire within a year of landing in Mexico

Existed in high altitudes of the Andes & built an impressive array of roads among many technological achievements.

Brutally conquered many neighboring tribes & established a brilliant imperial capital at Tenochtitlan

Became the 1st European to reach the Cape of Good Hope, the southern tip of Africa.

Spanish colony where Gold was plentiful & easily accessible in 1500s

The Portuguese initially grew wealthy by dominating the trade in ________ in Asia.

All of the following are Italian Renaissance innovations in the Commercial Revolution EXCEPT:

Crop suited to the tropical Caribbean island which 1st saw African slaves imported to work plantations.

This phrase describes the motivations of European explorers.

___ are produced in a country & sold abroad, while __ are produced abroad & sold inside a country.

Spanish explorer given credit for circumnavigating the world even through he was killed en route.

Great Franciscan founder of the missions in the modern state of California.

Had the greatest impact on gaining Christian converts in Latin America.

Trade of manufactured goods from Europe, slaves from Africa, & cash crops from the Americas became known as the...

The Dutch East India Company & British East India Company are examples of these owned by stockholders

Describes the immense exchange of plants, animals, peoples, cultures between the Old World & the Americas.

In the "Northern model" of Mercantilism, to achieve a favorable balance of trade, it is common to do all EXCEPT:

Areas of the New World largely colonized by the Portuguese & Spanish are known as:

Spanish system of vast land holdings often dating back to conquistadors which included the labor of Natives living there

Slaves in the Atlantic Slave Trade usually originated from:

This empire very nearly had its own Age of Exploration as its ships explored the coast of Africa in the early 1400s.

Slavery was officially condemned by the Catholic Church as well as the Spanish Crown & Portuguese Crown

Spanish colony where silver was plentiful & easily accesible in the 1500s

Over time, many plantation owners belonged to this class of those born in Latin America of European descent.

The top social group in Latin America, they were born in Spain/Portugal

Established the 1st colony in modern New York & grabbed control of East Indies spice trade from Portugal in 1600s.

Many missionaries in the New World condemned the colonial practices of slavery expecially this Spanish missionary

Established early colonies in Canada.