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202 after midterm Flashcards | StudBud
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202 after midterm
202 after midterm
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1
Which theorem suggests that if an infinite number of randomly selected samples is drawn from a population, the means of
Normal distribution
Central limit
Skew
Bell distribution
2
A study should be randomized if at all possible.
True
False
3
Currently dental products are under the regulation of which government department?
Institute of Pharmacy
Food and Drug Administration
Institute of Medicine
American Dental Association
4
What type of sampling would give a researcher the most valid and reliable research results?
Stratified
Random
Convenience
Systematic
5
This refers to a relationship or association between variables that can be measured mathematically.
Trend
Set limit theorem
Causality
Correlation
6
What type of graph is represented below?
1,4,6
1,4,5
1,3,5
2,4,6
7
The number of examiners should be fairly large to ensure calibration.
False
True
8
A dental hygienist should recommend products based on the ADA Seal.
False
True
9
What requires that critical thinking be used to explain meaning and application findings and identify possible factors t
Data assessment
Interpretation
Causality
Data analysis
10
Which is the most common correlation coefficient? Which is the most common correlation coefficient?
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
11
Which of the following sources can be used to locate information on dental care products?
All of these
Sales representatives
Lay magazines
Internet, Colleagues
12
Nonparametric inferential tests are selected to be used when which of the following is being utilized in the study?
2,4,6
1,4,5
2,3,6
1,3,6
13
What type of research error occurs when a researcher mistakenly accepts null hypothesis?
Type I
Type IV
Type II
Type III
14
Most events in this world tend to fall into a bell-shaped curve called a normal distribution, sometimes called the ____
Left skew
Right skew
Gaussian distribution
Positive skew
15
A histogram uses dots on a frequency table.
True
False
16
Bioethics, an important aspect of conducting research, refers to the inherent role of ethics in health care and the esta
The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
Both statements are true.
The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
Both statements are false.
17
When a covered entity conducts clinical research involving protected health information (PHI), dental hygienists-inve
Both statements are false.
Both statements are true.
The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
18
Which is a perfect correlation?
0
+.98
+.75
+1
19
Ordinal scale
Large and infinite number of measures along a continuum
Represented numerically
Organize data into mutually exclusive categories rank-ordere base criterion
none
20
A bar graph is used to present categorical data.
True
False
21
P-value determines the probability of the null hypothesis being true.
False
True
22
When research involves human subjects, an informed consent must be obtained because subjects should always understand
Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
The statement is correct but the reason is NOT.
Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related.
The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
23
The FDA provides dental professionals with information concerning various health products through their FDA ________.
Bulletin
Review
Times
Writings
24
A refereed journal is sometimes called (a) ________.
Non-peer-reviewed
Blind periodical
Peer-reviewed
Both Blind periodical and Non-peer-reviewed
25
Inter-rater reliability is when test administration is consistent from a single examiner.
True
False
26
Which type of statistic will compare groups, test a hypothesis, and make predictions?
Inferential
Observational
Descriptive
Correlative
27
A dental hygienist should recommend products based on the ADA Seal.
True
False
28
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a summary of all relevant data, including statistics
Results
Methods and materials
Both Results and Discussion
Abstract
29
Making good ethical decisions in research can help an institution, researchers, and society as a whole
Both statements are false.
The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
Both statements are true.
The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
30
A dental hygienist who educates patients on dental care products is acting as a consumer advocate.
False
True
31
Ethics, in a "nutshell," is about doing the right thing.
True
False
32
An institutional review board should include which roles?
All of these
Protects the institution and the researchers against lawsuits
Ensures that the rights and safety of the research subjects are respected a
Holds the researchers accountable to the public
33
Literature review
Should include a clear, concise purpose statement
A condensed version of a study
none
Detailed outline of previous findings
34
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a variety of current and relevant studies?
Conclusion
Results
Abstract
Literature review
35
Currently dental products are under the regulation of which government department?
Food and Drug Administration
Institute of Medicine
Institute of Pharmacy
American Dental Association
36
The most compelling ethical dilemma with the Tuskegee Study was which of the following?
Did not offer Curative Treatment that was available
Did not make the study consent available in all languages
Plagiarism of test results
Researchers became too close with subjects
37
Scales of measurement
none
Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
Represented numerically
Large and infinite number of measures along a continuum
38
The measure of confidence in test results is called ________.
Statistical improvements
Statistical significance
Clinical improvements
Clinical significance
39
The ADA Seal of Acceptance program is regulated by the ________.
Institute of Medicine
American Dental Association
American Dental Hygienists' Association
Food and Drug Administration
40
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a detailed description of the research instruments,
Literature review
Methods and materials
Introduction
Results
41
Nominal scale
Large and infinite number of measures along a continuum
none
Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
Controlled or uncontrolled diabetes is an example of which scale?
42
An example of a peer-reviewed journal is the ________.
Journal of Practical Hygiene
All of these
Journal of Dental Hygiene
International Journal of Dental Hygiene
43
Research misconduct may include ________.
Falsifying or fabricating data
Copyright or patent infringement
All of these
Plagiarism
44
The ADA Seal of Acceptance program is regulated by the ___
American Dental Association
Food and Drug Administration
American Dental Hygienists' Association
Institute of Medicine
45
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a summary of all relevant data, including statistics an
Results
Methods and materials
Discussion
Abstract
46
The median is the ________.
Both Average and Most frequently occurring value
Most frequently occurring value
Average
Midpoint
47
What percentage of data will fall within 1 standard deviation of the mean?
34.5%
95%
99.7%
68%
48
Which of the following is a nonparametric test that compares two or more data sets from different sample groups?
F-test
T-test
Chi-Square of independence
Chi-Square
49
In the scientific community it is considered the cutoff point for statistical significance if a p value is equal or less
.5
.50
.05
.005
50
This scale of measurement shows the distance between 2 values as =, with no absolute value.
Nominal
Ordinal
Ratio
Interval
51
Standard deviation measures:
Central tendency of data
Dispersion of data
Spread of data
Both dispersion and spread of data
52
Which of the following parts of a research report should contain a condensed version of the purpose, methods, results, a
Conclusion
Discussion
Review of the literature
Abstract
53
Results and discussions
Detailed outline of previous findings
Findings of a study
Method and material section
none
54
The number of examiners should be fairly large to ensure calibration.
False
True
55
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a detailed description of the research instruments, eq
Results
Methods and materials
Literature review
Introduction
56
What involves the application of statistical tests to the data in order to organize, describe, summarize, and analyze it
Causality
Data interpretation
Data analysis
Data assessment
57
What act adds to the confidentiality of patient records?
HIPPO
IRB
BEG
HIPAA
58
A refereed journal is sometimes called (a) ________.
Non-peer-reviewed
Peer-reviewed
Blind periodical
Both Blind periodical and Non-peer-reviewed
59
This error occurs when the null hypothesis is rejected, and it is true.
Type III
Type I
Type II
Type IV
60
P-value represents the likelihood that statistics will occur due to chance.
False
True
61
Which of the following parts of a research report should include a variety of current and relevant studies?
Literature review
Conclusion
Results
Abstract
62
What does a p-value of 0.01 mean?
1:100 will produce the same research results
1:10 will produce the same research results
1:99 will produce the same research results
1:1000 will produce the same research results
63
A study should be randomized if at all possible.
True
False
64
A peer-reviewed article indicates that the article has been reviewed by ______
Both An editor from the publishers and Editorial reviewers are copyeditors
Editorial reviewers who are copyeditors
Editorial reviewers who are dental providers/researchers
An editor from the publishers
65
Alpha value sets the significance level of when the null should be rejected.
True
False
66
The measure of confidence in test results is called ________.
Clinical improvements
Clinical significance
Statistical improvements
Statistical significance
67
Which following part of research report should contain a condensed version of purpose, methods, results, and conclusion?
Conclusion
Discussion
Abstract
Review of the literature
68
Which of the following parts of a research report should evaluate and interpret findings?
Conclusion
Discussion
Abstract
Results
69
An example of a peer-reviewed journal is the ________.
Journal of Dental Hygiene
All of these
Journal of Practical Hygiene
International Journal of Dental Hygiene
70
Which of the following are numeric data counted in terms of whole numbers?
Categorical
Continuous
Dichotomous
Discrete
71
Methodology
none
Method and material section
Should include a clear, concise purpose statement
Detailed outline of previous findings
72
The Belmont Report describes ethical principles and guidelines for research involving human subjects. Identified
Roles of institutions
Respect for persons
None of these
Specific guidelines for war
73
Which of the following demonstrates the strongest correlation coefficient?
0.2
0.6
-0.1
-0.7
74
Which scale of measurement is not used in oral health research?
Interval
Ratio
Ordinal
Nominal
75
What happens when you square a negative integer?
A positive number is created
A negative integer remains
76
A bar graph is used to present categorical data.
False
True
77
What group is charged with reviewing the ethical implications of a research study?
Health access group
Institutional review board
Bioethics review group
Ethic study board
78
PubMed is a reliable source to find research reports and is from the _____
Dental Museum
National Library of Medicine
National Library of Dentistry
Food and Drug Administration
79
The Tuskegee Syphilis study was conducted by which institution?
FDA
FTC
US PHS
CDC
80
Abstract
none
A condensed version of a study
Detailed outline of previous findings
Should include a clear, concise purpose statement
81
Which of the following parts of a research report should evaluate and interpret findings?
Abstract
Conclusion
Discussion
Results
82
Introduction
none
A condensed version of a study
Detailed outline of previous findings
Should include a clear, concise purpose statement
83
Which term shows how many standard deviations a given raw score is above or below the mean?
Average deviation
Z-score
F-ratio
Variance
84
Informed consent, another ethical consideration, requires educating a subject in a research study
False
True
85
Ethical behavior in research may be described as what is ________
Right
Legal
All of these
Both Right and Legal
86
The FDA provides dental professionals with information concerning various health products through their FDA ________.
Writings
Times
Review
Bulletin
87
Which of the following sources can be used to locate information on dental care products?
Internet
Colleagues, Lay magazines
Sales representatives
All of these
88
Continuous variable
Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
none
Represented numerically
Large and infinite number of measures along a continuum
89
Studies need to have enough subjects to be valid.
False
True
90
Which of the following can be determined by examining the mean and median of the distribution?
Skew
Normal bell distribution
Bell curve
Gaussian distribution
91
The mean is commonly considered to be the ________.
Average
Midpoint
Both most frequently occurring value and Midpoint
Most frequently occurring value
92
The mean of the following set of values is 3: 7, 7, 8, 8, and 5.
False
True
93
Discrete variable
Represented numerically
none
Nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio
Large and infinite number of measures along a continuum
94
If p-value<alpha, we should reject the null hypothesis.
False
True
95
A peer-reviewed article indicates that the article has been reviewed by ____
All of these
Editorial reviewers who are copyeditors
Editorial reviewers who are dental providers/researchers
An editor from the publishers
