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DNA Structure, DNA Replication, & Protein Synthesis Flashcards | StudBud
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DNA Structure, DNA Replication, & Protein Synthesis
DNA Structure, DNA Replication, & Protein Synthesis
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Review of DNA structure and DNA replication
Flashcards
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Questions
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1
DNA molecules consist of...
two old strands
two new strands
one old strand and one new strand
2
True/False: Eukaryotic cells have more DNA than prokaryotic cells.
False
True
3
DNA stands for...
deoxyribose nucleic acid
Dinitrogen acid
double nucleic acid
deoxyribonucleic acid
4
Where translation occurs
nucleus
chloroplast
ribosome
mitochondria
5
A phosphate group
W
Z
X
6
tRNA is used during ...
translation only
both transcription and translation
none of these
transcription only
7
What best describes the role of tRNA?
Creates amino acids
Carries a polypeptide chain
Carries an amino acid
Creates peptide bonds
8
What is CRISPR?
Artificial Intelligence
Edits genomes
Erases genomes
Garden Gnomes
9
Which is the Amino Acid?
4
5
3
2
10
Where is DNA located in Eukaryotes?
Nucleus
Golgi Apparatus
Smooth ER
Vessicle
11
What do the dotted lines represent?
Covalent bonds
Hydrogen bonds
12
RNA differs from DNA in that RNA
does not contain adenine
contains the nitrogen base uracil
is double stranded
contains deoxyribose
13
What inspired CRISPR?
Bacteria
Oligodendrocytes
Golgi Apparatuses
14
Nonsense substitution, silent substitution, and missense substitution mutations are:
frameshift mutations
point mutations
15
Which is the anticodon?
H.
C.
A.
D.
16
What causes translation to stop?
When a "stop" codon is reached.
When the protein makes "sense"
When codon AUG is reached.
When a new start codon is reached
17
If the percentage of G bases is 30, what is the percentage of T bases?
30
40
20
70
18
In what direction does the ribosome read mRNA?
3'->5'
5'->3'
depends on direction of replication fork
19
A base pair
Z
W
X
20
RNA
Contains the sugar deoxyribose.
Has 5 possible nitrogen bases instead of 4.
Is found only in the nucleus.
Contains the sugar ribose.
21
If the percentage of A bases is 40 percent, what is the percentage of C bases?
10
60
20
40
22
Why are some mutations "silent"?
Mutations add diversity
Mutations can end the production of a protein
Mutations can cause disease
Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid
23
Where does transcription occur?
Ribosome
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Rick Ross's stomach
24
Where can mRNA be found in a cell?
all are correct
nucleus
ribosome
cytoplasm
25
DNA polymerase...
adds short DNA sequences to the ends of chromosomes
links individual nucleotides into DNA molecules
unzips DNA by breaking the strands apart
26
A DNA nucleotide consists of all of the following except...
a nitrogenous base
deoxyribose
a phosphate group
a nucleic acid
27
Ligase
Lays down DNA nucleotides
Binds DNA backbone together
Replaces RNA primer with DNA
Lays down RNA primer
28
Replication begins in one spot on the DNA molecule and then proceeds in 2 directions describes
Prokaryotic DNA replication
Neither
Eukaryotic DNA replication
Both
29
The process of RNA polymerase making mRNA from DNA is called?
Transfusion
Transcription
Transposition
Translation
30
What process is depicted in this diagram?
DNA replication
Cell growth
Cell division
Protein synthesis
31
DNA is located in the nucleus in...
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
Neither
Both
32
A nonsense mutation
Will replace an amino acid with a stop codon
Will replace an amino acid with a different amino acid
Will have no effect on the protein
Will cause evolution in the organism
33
What is the next amino acid that would be added to the growing polypeptide?
methionine
glycine
histidine
alanine
34
What is the complementary strand to the DNA sequence AATTGCG
TTAACGC
TTGGACA
CCGGTAT
AATTGCG
35
Where does the DNA in prokaryotic cells float?
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Vacuole
36
The bonds that form between complementary bases are called...
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds
strong bonds
37
A codon is 3 bases of
rRNA
tRNA
mRNA
DNA
38
Which of the following is not a DNA base?
cytosine
adenine
guanine
Uracil
39
If DNA is TAGCAT, the mRNA will be
AUCGUA
ATCGAT
ATCGTA
UACGCG
40
The bonds that form between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of another are called
weak bonds
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds
41
What contains anticodons?
mRNA
tRNA
DNA
rRNA
42
What are the 2 steps of protein synthesis
Transcription and to night
Tandy
Transform and transcribe
Transcription and translation
43
If GTC is the normal DNA codon, which mutation is a missense mutation?
None of these.
GTT
GTG
ATC
44
Are all mutations bad?
NO
I have no idea
YES
45
Helicase unwinds the DNA by:
Breaking ionic bonds
Breaking hydrogen bonds
Breaking covalent bonds
Creating different hydrogen bonds
46
The enzyme that unzips DNA during replication is called...
DNA polymerase
Telomerase
Helicase
Zipase
47
In what direction does DNA polymerase read?
Left to right
5' to 3'
3' to 5'
Forwards
48
Deoxyribose
W
X
Z
49
If mRNA is CUG, the tRNA that would join it is
GTC
GUC
GAC
CTG
50
In what direction does RNA polymerase read?
3' to 5'
5' to 3'
51
Where tRNA can be found
ribosome and nucleus
nucleus and cytoplasm
cytoplasm and ribosome
cytoplasm and mitochondria
52
What does tRNA do?
Transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes
Produces enzymes to bond amino acids
Carries info from DNA in nucleus out into the cytoplasm
53
What is X?
a base pair
a nucleotide
a nucleic acid
deoxyribose
54
Frameshift mutations occur
when a codon is inserted or deleted
when a base is inserted or deleted
when a single nucleotide is changed to another nucleotide
when an amino acid is changed to a stop codon
55
What bonds hold amino acids together?
covalent bonds
peptide
hydrogen
genetic bonds
