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Chapter 4 bontrager review Flashcards | StudBud
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Chapter 4 bontrager review
Chapter 4 bontrager review
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1
The CR placement for an AP axial projection (modified Robert’s method) of the thumb is at the:
first carpometacarpal joint
midproximal phalanx of the first digit.
first proximal interphalangeal joint
first distal interphal
2
Which of the following carpals articulates with the radius?
Trapezium
Pisiform
Scaphoid
Hamate
3
Which of the following structures is considered to be most distal?
Olecranon process
Styloid processes
Radial head
Trochlea
4
The interphalangeal joints have a(n) ____ type of joint movement.
Plane
saddle
Ginglymus
Ellipsoidal
5
Which carpal bone is the smallest?
Pisiform
Scaphoid
Hamate
Capitate
6
What is the approximate distance between the tabletop and Bucky tray on most floating tabletop types of tables?
2-3 IN
1-2 IN
1/2-1 IN
3-4 IN
7
Which projection best demonstrates pathology involving the first carpometacarpal joint and trapezium?
PA scaphoid, ulnar deviation wrist projection
Norgaard method
PA oblique thumb
Ap axial (Modified Robert's method)
8
How many carpal bones are found in the wrist?
7
14
5
8
9
.
Folio method
Norgaard method
Gaynor-Hart method
Modified Robert’s method
10
Which one of the following structures is NOT part of the ulna?
Ulnar notch
Styloid process
Radial notch
Coronoid tubercle
11
Which of the following sets of exposure factors would be best for an adult hand study using a digital imaging system?
64 kV, 200 mA, 1/20 seconds, large focal spot
80 kV, 600 mA, 1/60 seconds, large focal spot
70 kV, 300 mA, 1/30 seconds, small focal spot
78 kV, 600 mA, 1/60 seconds, large focal spot
12
What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?
Scaphoid
Lunate
Hamate
Trapezium
13
What CR angle is required with the modified Robert’s method?
20° distally (away from the wrist)
10° distally (away from the wrist)
15° proximally (toward the wrist)
5° proximally (toward the wrist)
14
This projection is correctly referred to as:
Carpal canal, inferosuperior projection
All of the above
Gaynor-Hart method
Carpal tunnel, inferosuperior projection
15
A patient enters the ED with a possible Bennett’s Fx. Which routines should be performed to confirm this diagnosis?
Wrist
Finger
Forearm
Thumb
16
Which special projection of the wrist will open up the interspaces on the ulnar side of the wrist?
Radial deviation
Carpal bridge
Ulnar deviation
Carpal canal
17
Which projection of the wrist is ideal for demonstrating possible calcification in the dorsal aspect of the carpals?
Lateral wrist
Carpal bridge
Ulnar deviation
Carpal canal
18
The first metacarpophalangeal joint has a(n) ____ type of joint movement.
Pivot
Ellipsoidal
Plane
Saddle
19
A general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the part ____ to the long axis of the image receptor.
Adjacent
Paralell
Perpendicular
Axial
20
Local/generalized infection of bone/bone marrow caused by bacteria introduced by trauma/surgery is a condition termed:
Paget's disease
Cellulitis
Osteomyelitis
Osteoarthritis
21
The AP oblique-bilateral hands projection (“ball-catcher’s position”) is performed to evaluate for early signs of:
bursitis
rheumatoid arthritis
gout
osteoporosis
22
Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition?
AP oblique with internal rotation
AP oblique with external rotation
Lateral
AP
23
Which carpal bone is 5?
Trapizoid
Hamate
Trapezium
Scaphoid
24
Which carpal articulates with both the 4th and 5th metacarpals?
Capitate
Triquetrum
Trapizoid
Hamate
25
What type of rotation of the hands is required for the AP oblique-bilateral (Norgaard method) hand projection?
30° to 35° externally
45° internally
5° to 10° internally
None
26
Patient has history of carpal tunnel and physician wants to rule out calcifications in carpal sulcus. Projection?
Gaynor-Hart method
Jones method
Coyle method
Carpal bridge
27
The second most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor is:
Ewing's Sarcoma
Multiple myeloma
Chondrosarcoma
Osteogenic sarcoma
28
How should the original analog kV range change with a fiberglass cast on a wrist or forearm?
Increase 5-7 kV
No change
Increase 3-4 kV
Increase 8-10 kV
29
Tangential, inferosuperior projection of carpal canal reveals that the hamular process is superimposed over the pisiform
Rotate the wrist and hand 10° internally
Increase the extension of the hand and/or wrist
Increase the CR angle
Decrease the CR angle
30
The bending or forcing of the hand outward with the hand pronated in a posteroanterior (PA) projection is known as:
Radial deviation
Ulnar deviation
Radial abduction
Ulnar extention
31
lateral elbow demonstrates ~ half of radial head superimposed by coronoid process of ulna. What occured?
The shoulder was not dropped sufficiently to the tabletop level
The hand/ wrist were rotated laterally and not in a true lateral position
No positioning errors occurred
The hand was pronated rather than in a true lateral position
32
The smooth, depressed, center portion of trochlea used for evaluating rotation on lateral elbow is termed trochlear:
sulcus
fossa
depression
Process
33
Which of the following bony structures is found on the distal aspect of the ulna?
All of the above
Coronoid process
Olecranon process
Head
34
A “skier’s thumb” is an injury of the:
Ulnar collateral ligament
Median nerve
Pronator fat stripe
Scaphoid
35
Where is the central ray (CR) placed for a PA projection of the third digit?
At the MCP joint
At the head of the 3rd metacarpal
At Proximal IP joint
At distal IP joint
36
Which routine projection of the elbow will best demonstrate an elevated or visible posterior fat pad?
Lateral roation oblique
Coyle method
True AP with no rotation
True lateral with 90 degree flexion
37
Patient has fiberglass cast how should the original 60 kV be changed?
63 kV
75 kV
67 kV
70 kV
38
PA scaphoid reveals extensive superimposition of the scaphoid and adjacent carpals. What can cause this?
Elevation of the hand and wrist
Slight flexion of the phalanges
Insufficient CR angle distal
Insufficient ulnar deviation
39
Which of the following structures is considered to be most posterior?
Olecranon process
Trochlea
Coronoid process
Radial tuberosity
40
What is the name of the joint found between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit?
Distal interphalangeal
Proximal interphalangeal
metacarpophalangeal
interphalangeal
41
A ginglymus joint can also be referred to as a _____ joint.
Hinge
Saddle
Pivot
Trochoid
42
Which of the following projections of the wrist will best demonstrate the wrist joint and intercarpal spaces?
Gaynor-Hart method
30 degree PA oblique
AP
PA
43
Which two structures primarily form the hinge-like structure and movement of the elbow joint?
Coronoid process and coronoid fossa
Capitulum and trochlea
Trochlea and olecranon process
Coronoid fossa and trochlea
44
Which of the following best demonstrates the radial head using the trauma lateral Coyle method routine?
Elbow flexed 80°, CR angled 45° away from shoulder
Elbow flexed 90°, CR perpendicular to image receptor
Elbow flexed 90°, CR angled 45° toward shoulder
Elbow flexed 90°, CR angled 30° toward shoulder
45
How many projections are required for the AP-acute flexion study of the elbow?
2
4
1
3
46
From a pronated position, which of the following is required for PA oblique projection of the fourth digit of the hand?
45 medial rot.
45 Lateral rot.
30-35 lateral rot.
30-35 medial rot.
47
2 fat stripes of the wrist demonstrated radiographically are known as the scaphoid fat stripe and the _____ fat stripe.
Anterior
Pronator
Abductor
Pisiform
48
The joint found between the base of the 3rd metacarpal and carpal bone is the:
Proximal metacrapophalangeal
Carpometacarpal
Intercarpal
Interphalangeal
49
Why is it important to keep the phalanges parallel to the IR for a PA oblique projection of the hand?
Demonstrates the sesamoid bones near the first interphalangeal joint
Opens up the carpometacarpal joints
Prevents foreshortening of phalanges/ obscuring of interphalangeal joints
Prevents foreshortening of radiocarpal joint
50
the elbow shows the radius directly superimposed over the ulna and the coronoid process in profile. Which projection?
Medial (internal) rotation oblique
Lateral (external) rotation oblique
Lateral
AP
51
Patient enters ED with a possible scaphoid Fx. The patient is unable to assume the ulnar deviation position. Projection?
Gaynor-Hart
Modified Stecher
Jones
Coyle
52
The first carpometacarpal joint is classified as a ____ joint.
Trochoidal
Saddle
Ginglymus
Plane
53
Which two structures form the distal radioulnar joint?
Radial notch and radial head
radial tuberosity and ulnar notch
Coronoid tubercle and radial notch
ulnar notch and head of ulna
54
Which basic projection of the elbow best demonstrates the trochlear notch in profile?
AP
Lateral
Medial Rotation oblique
Lateral rotation oblique
55
Which of the following structures is considered to be most lateral?
Trochlea
Capitulum
Head of ulna
Coronoid tubercle
56
What is the purpose of performing the AP partially flexed projections of the elbow?
To provide a view of the radial head and capitulum
To provide an AP perspective if the patient cannot fully extend the elbow
To demonstrate any possible elevated fat pads
To separate the radial head from the ulna
57
Grids are generally not required unless the anatomy measures greater than _____ cm in thickness.
10
8
14
5
58
How should the humeral epicondyles be aligned for a lateral projection of the elbow?
Paralell to IR
30 degrees to IR
45 degrees to IR
Perpendicular to IR
59
Which anatomy is better visualized with a fan lateral as compared with the other lateral projections of the hand?
Sesamoid bones
Carpals
Carpometacarpal joints
Phalanges
60
AP projection elbow reveals that there's complete separation of proximal radius and ulna. What positioning error occured
Excessive medial rotation
Partial flexion of the joint
Excessive lateral rotation
Incorrect CR location and angle
61
Which of the following actions will lead to the proximal radius crossing over the ulna?
External rotation of the elbow
Pronation of the hand
Supination of the hand
Placing epicondyles parallel to the image receptor
62
An ellipsoidal joint allows movement in ____ directions.
All
Two
Four
Six
63
What two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the AP elbow?
Trochlea and capitulum
ulnar and radial heads
humeral condyles
humeral epicondyles
64
AP oblique elbow with medial rot. reveals that radial head is superimposed over part of coronoid process. Error?
Excessive medial rotation
Incorrect CR angulation
Excessive lateral rotation
Flexion of the elbow
65
CR angle required for the hand in the tangential, inferosuperior projection to demonstrate the carpal sulcus?
5° to 10°
25° to 30°
10° to 15°
35° to 45°
66
patient enters ED with a possible dislocation of the elbow. The patient has the elbow flexed more than 90°. Projection?
Jones method and limited lateral projection
Partially flexed AP and limited lateral projections
Lateral elbow only
Coyle method and limited lateral projection
67
Which of the carpal bones is considered to be the largest?
Triquetrum
Trapezium
Hamate
Capitate
68
How much rotation of the humeral epicondyles is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the elbow?
20°
45°
30°
90°
69
What are the names of the two small depressions found on the anterior aspect of the distal humerus?
Radial and coronoid fossa
Trochlea and capitulum
Olecranon and coronoid fossa
Olecranon and radial fossa
70
Which one of the following is the most common primary cancerous bone tumor?
Osteosarcoma
Multiple myeloma
Osteochrondroma
Osteocarcinoma
71
Which wrist ligament is attached to the styloid process of the ulna and continues to the triquetrum and pisiform?
Dorsal radiocarpal ligament
Palmar radiocarpal ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
72
The radiocarpal (wrist) joint possesses a(n) ____ type of joint movement.
Pivot
Plane
Ellipsoidal
Ginglymus
73
Which carpal bone is
4
?
Scaphoid
Lunate
Trapezoid
Hamate
74
With the radial head-lateromedial projections, what is the only difference between the four projections?
The amount of flexion of the elbow
The SID used for each projection
The CR angulation
The position of hand/wrist
75
Which carpal bone is
1
?
Scaphoid
Hamate
Pisiform
Trapezium
76
Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile?
AP
Lateral rotation oblique
Medial rotation oblique
Lateral
77
This projection is performed to rule out:
Median nerve impingement
calcification in carpal sulcus
All of the above
Carpal tunnel syndrom
78
.
Coyle method with 45° CR angle away from shoulder
Acute flexion projection
Coyle method with 45° CR angle toward shoulder
Radial head lateral projections
79
patient has a metal foreign body in the palm of the hand. Which projection should be taken to locate the foreign body?
PA and lateral in flexion projections
PA and lateral in extension projections
PA and fan lateral projections
PA and Gaynor-Hart method
80
A patient enters the ED with a Smith Fx. Which region of the upper limb must be radiographed to demonstrate this injury?
Trapezium
Elbow
Wrist and forearm
Hand
81
Why choose PA oblique (medial rotation) rather than the PA oblique (lateral rotation) for the 2nd digit of the hand?
Minimizes object image-receptor distance (OID)
Opens up joints better
Is more comfortable for the patient
Minimizes optimal immunomodulating dose (OID)
82
PA oblique hand reveals that the midshaft of the 4th and 5th metacarpals is superimposed. What positiong error occured?
Fingers of the hand are not parallel to IR
Insufficient rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally
Incorrect CR angulation
Excessive rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally
83
Which of the following structures is considered to be most proximal?
Head of ulna
Radial tuberosity
Olecranon process
Radial styloid process
84
PA projection hand reveals that the distal radius, ulna, carpals were cut off. What should the tech fix?
injury to patient didn't involve carpal region/distal forearm, don't repeat
Make sure carpals, distal radius, ulna are included on lateral projection
Repeat PA projection to have all carpals and ~ 1 IN of distal radius/ ulna
Accept radiograph. Carpals, distal radius, ulna aren't part of a hand study
85
A nonvisible posterior fat pad on a well-exposed, correctly positioned lateral elbow radiograph generally suggests:
Negative study for injury
A congenital defect
Injury to the synovial joint
Fx of one of the bones of the elbow
86
.
Coyle method with 80° flexion, CR angled 45° away from shoulder
Gaynor-Hart method
AP-acute flexion
Coyle method with 90° flexion, CR angled 45° toward the shoulder
87
Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the hand?
At the third metacarpophalangeal joint
At the third distal interphalangeal joint
At the third proximal interphalangeal joint
At the base of the third metacarpal