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Unit 4 World History Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 4 World History Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment
Unit 4 World History Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment
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1
1543, published “On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies” established the "heliocentric theory"
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Rene Decartes
Nicolaus Copernicus
2
Explain the overall view of women during the Enlightenment.
All thinkers viewed women as equals.
Mixed beliefs from thinkers. Some surported womens rights some did not.
3
Explain the new way of thinking during the Scientific Revolution.
All of the above
They challenged previously accepted beliefs.
They used of observation, experimentation, logical reasoning
They questioned everything! Nothing accepted to be true.
4
Identify Philosophe
government officials
church officials
public intellectuals dedicated to solving the real problems of the world.
economists
5
Wrote "A Vindication of the Rights of Women" She beleived the key to female freedom was getting a better education.
Mary Wollstencraft
Mary Astell
6
He argued civilization corrupts people’s natural goodness; people were happiest alone in a state of nature.
John Locke
Baron de Montesquieu
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Voltaire
7
During the Enlightenment thinkers started to apply science to all aspects of society. List those aspects:
Education
Economics
Government
All of the above
8
Explain the new secular outlook on life following the Enlightenment.
Focused on a religious outlook on life and promoted religious tolerance
Focused on non-religious outlook on life and promoted religious tolerance
Focused on non-religious outlook on life and promoted religious persecution
9
Explain the Scientific Method.
method of using astronomy to explain the human body systems
method developed by the Greek philosophers
logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas
method of gathering religious teaching to test and prove ideas
10
What is a social contract?
Agreement among the members of society to cooperate for religious benefits.
Agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits.
11
Wrote “A Serious Proposal to the Ladies” Addressed lack of educational and other opportunities for women.
Mary Wollstencraft
Mary Astell
12
Explain the geocentric vs the heliocentric theories?
Geocentric was a sun cetered universe
Heliocentric is a earth centered universe
Heliocentric is a sun centered universe
13
Discovered that the movement of force affects/rules everything in the universe. Law of gravity.
Robert Boyle
Sir Francis Bacon
Sir Isaac Newton
Thomas Hobbes
14
What was Adam Smith's ideas on economics?
he approved of a command economy run by communism
people created economic progress when they acted in their own self-interest
15
Developed analytical geometry to prove his theories. He existed-because, as he wrote, “I think, therefore I am”
Galileo Galilei
Rene Decartes
Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
16
Explain the new ideas on government that emerged during the Enlightenment.
Government should be ruled by absolute power.
Government should have a division of powers and checks and balances.
Government should be ruled by the church.
Government should be ruled by divine authority.
17
Fought intolerance, prejudice, and superstition. “I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the death your... "
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Voltaire
John Locke
Baron de Montesquieu
18
He beleived without governments to keep order, “there would be war of every man against every man”.
Sir Isaac Newton
Robert Boyle
Sir Francis Bacon
Thomas Hobbes
19
What are the 3 major principles that came out of the Enlightenment period in Europe?
Belief in progress, secular outlook on life, and focus the church
Belief in absolutism, secular outlook on life, and focus on individual
Belief in progress, secular outlook on life, and focus on individual
Belief in progress, religious outlook on life, and focus on individual
20
Explain how the Enlightenment helped bring an end to absolutism in Europe.
It helped bring democracy to Europe
It brought the heliocentric theory to Europe
It brought about dicatorial rule in Europe
It brought the Scientific Method to Europe
21
How did the Scientific Revolution help spark the Enlightenment?
People began applying scientific principles to all aspects of society
People began applying religious principles to all aspects of society
22
Studied English law. He oversimplified British rule into executive, legislative, and judicial. (checks and balances)
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Baron de Montesquieu
Voltaire
John Locke
23
“Father of Classical Liberalism”, laid down basics of democracy. All People are born free "Life, Liberty, Property"
Baron de Montesquieu
Voltaire
Jean Jacques Rousseau
John Locke
24
Believed that laws existed to preserve social order, and NOT to avenge crimes. 1764, wrote “On Crimes and Punishments"
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Voltaire
Cesar Beccaria
John Locke
25
German mathematician and astronomer who
discovered that the Earth and planets travel about the sun in elliptical orbits
.
Johannes Kepler
Nicolaus Copernicus
Galileo Galilei
Rene Decartes
26
What are vaccines?
common everyday language of a group of people
substance used to stimulate production of antibodies creating immunities
monetary pardons of sins
27
What was the medieval view on science and medicine?
based in myth and legend
based on science and research
based on mathematics
Based on chemistry
28
contributed to the atomic theory by demonstrating that matter is made of tiny particles he called corpuscles, (atoms)
Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Francis Bacon
Thomas Hobbes
Robert Boyle
29
Created / Discovered and popularized the scientific method.
Sir Isaac Newton
Robert Boyle
Sir Francis Bacon
Thomas Hobbes
30
What was the impact of the Enlightenment on Europe?
Forced European monarchs to make reforms / give more rights to their people
All of the above
No longer believed that the monarchy held absolute power / divine right.
Theories eventually inspired the American and French Revolutions.
31
Built improved telescope, began to look at the “heavens” in 1609. He made many discoveries that he took to the church.
Rene Decartes
Galileo Galilei
Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
32
Explain the Church’s response to Galileo’s new discoveries.
They forced him to recant his discoveries.
They accepted all of his ideas except for the idea that the sun has spots.
They accepted all of his discoveries as fact.
They executed him.
33
Explain how the Renaissance helped spark the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment.
The Renaissance was a time of absolute authority.
The Renaissance encouraged people to question things using logic and reason
The Renaissance believed solely in church authority
