2- Energy, Matter, and Life Vocabulary Review

Question 1

Changes to rocks and minerals on Earth's surface that are caused by chemical reactions

Accepted Answer

Chemical Weathering

Question 2

Chemical reaction resulting in the loss of electrons by a metal

Accepted Answer

Oxidation

Question 3

Chemical Reaction in which energy is absorbed because the standard change in free energy is positive

Accepted Answer

Endergonic Reaction

Question 4

Organism that can create its own food from simple molecules

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs

Question 5

The biological process by which organisms produce organic compounds for their food from water & CO2 using solar energy

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 6

Breakdown of glucose through a series of biochemical reactions producing 2 molecules each of ATP, Pyruvate, and NADH

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 7

Flat membrane enclosed structures inside chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and other pigments

Accepted Answer

Thylakoid

Question 8

Study of rocks, minerals, water, and other earth materials, as well as seismic waves and other natural phenomena

Accepted Answer

Geology

Question 9

The form of cell respiration that can take place in the absence of free oxygen

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic Respiraction

Question 10

The physical or chemical breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces or aqueous solutions on Earth's Surface

Accepted Answer

Weathering

Question 11

Occurs when eroded sediments are dropped in another location, ending the process of erosion.

Accepted Answer

Sedimentation, Deposition

Question 12

A decrease in the oxidation state of an atom or molecule due to the gain of electrons

Accepted Answer

Reduction

Question 13

Process that occurs when the chemical energy of "food" is release and partially captured in the form of ATP.

Accepted Answer

Cellular Respiration

Question 14

Current or past long-term weather conditions characteristic of a region or the Earth

Accepted Answer

Climate

Question 15

An organelle in plant and algae cells that converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy that a plant can use.

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 16

Transfer of ____ between biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere; NO ATMOSPHERIC FORM

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus Cycle

Question 17

The carbon-fixing reaction in photosynthesis that uses ATP and NADPH to make carbohydrate from carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

Calvin Cycle

Question 18

Chemical weathering process resulting from the reaction between the ions of water and the ions of a mineral

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 19

Process by which wind, water, ice, gravity, or other natural forces move sediment over Earth's surface.

Accepted Answer

Erosion

Question 20

Process in which ____ enters the soil, becomes living organisms, & eventually returns to atmosphere; bacteria are key

Accepted Answer

Nitrogen Cycle

Questions 20