Final exam review

Any time a system shifts from a more stable state to a less stable state, the potential energy of the system increases

The rate at which particles move from the liquid state to the gas state is the rate of __

Avogadro's number of particles represents one ___ of the particles

The d sub-shell has ___d orbitals

1 atm = 101.325kPa = ___ mmHg = 760torr

For the following pair, identify the sub-level that is filled first

One mole of an ideal gas occupies ___ of space at STP

Classify the following bonds as nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic. C bonded to S

For a mix of 2 gases occupying the same container, the gas with the higher partial pressure has a greater volume

When solids dissolve in a liquid, the dissolved solid is called the ___ and the liquid is called the __

Compounds that share the same molecular formula (the same number of each type of atom) but have different structures are

Energy must be added to __ covalent bonds; energy is released when covalent bonds __

Photons of microwave radiation have more energy than photons of ultraviolet light

Gas pressure = (force due to particle __the walls of the container) / Area of the walls

Measured and calculated values are uncertain and so influence significant figure determination

Nonmetals share enough electrons to gain the eight valence electron, noble gas electron configuration often called the _

The closer the values are to the accepted or true value, the more _________ they are.

Classify the following bonds as nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic. Fe bonded to Br

For a gas at room tempt and pressure, the gas particles themselves occupy about __ of the total volume

The p sub-shell has ___p orbitals

Absorption of UV light generally results in ____

The units in the numerator of a conversion factor differ from the units in the denominator

Substances that cannot be chemically converted into simpler ones are ___________.

Chemistry is often defined as the study of the _____

The most electronegative atom is __

The rate at which particles move from the gas state to the liquid state is the rate of __

The molar mass of a molecular compound is calculated by adding the atomic masses of all the atoms in compound in g/mol

The larger the molecule, the ___ the London forces

The species that is reduced is the ___; the species that is oxidized is the ___

The density of a substance is independent of its temperature

In a sample of a liquid, which will evaporate more quickly?

Nonmetals react with nonmetals to form _____ compounds.

When metals react with nonmetals, they generally form _______ compounds.

Some combination reactions are also redox reations

The perfect combination for forming ozone pollution is ____

A polyatomic ion is a charged collection of atoms held together by ______.

The __ of a solution is defined as the (moles of solute) / (liters of solution)

All decomposition reactions are redox reactions

For a H atom, all orbitals with the same _ are said to belong to the same shell or have the same quantum number

Changes that absorb energy are called ___

Give the names that correspond to the following chemical formula: CH_3OH

Classify the following bonds as nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, or ionic. Ca bonded to Cl

Electronegativity, EN ___ moving down a group or family

Stronger interactions between liquid particles means ___

When reactants are dissolved in a solvent, they are better able to collide with each other, increasing the probability

Regardless of electronegativity differences, the bond between two nonmetals is always ___

Similar to a photon of electromagnetic radiation, the electron can be viewed as __

Ideal gases differ from real gases in that there are no __ forces between the particles

For atoms larger than hydrogen, orbitals with the same energy and basic shape are in the same __

A battery is comprised of one or more electrochemical cells called ___ cells

In the stratosphere, 10-50km above the surface of the earth, ozone __ dangerous UV radiation

In this chapter we will learn how to calculate the amount of product we might form in a chemical reaction using the __

What is the empirical formula of a compound that is 40.05% sulfur by mass and 59.95% oxygen?

To determine whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar, we must first determine the __ within them are polar or nonpolar

Which will evaporate more quickly at STP?

Considering multiple measurements of the same object, the closer the measurements are to each other, the more _______

While it is easy to measure solution volumes, it is not possible to relate solution volume to moles of solute unless you

What do we call the gaseous form of a substance that is liquid at normal temperatures and pressures?

When viewing the electron as a particle, must accept that we cannot simultaneously know exactly _ and what it is doing

In a mix of gases, the portion of the total pressure exerted by only 1 of the gases is the __ pressure of the gas

As the temperature of the gas increases, the velocity of the particles __

Red litmus paper turns blue when exposed to ___ solutions

A region within an orbital where no, or minimal negative charge is found, is called a __

If the temperature is low enough, the noble gasses and molecules of the other pure elements interact with each other

Assuming an atom was missing its electrons, the _ to enter an atom would enter its 1s orbital

An atom with two extra electrons would be _____ with a _____ charge.

This reactant [that ran out first] determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed, known as the __

Metals are ___ nonmetals

The ratio of product to obtained to the amount of product predicted by limiting reagent, multiplied by 100 is the

Provide the formula of the conjugate acid H_2PO_4-