Chromatids are separated from each other.

The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II

Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?

Each cell has eight homologous pairs

Why do chromosomes coil during mitosis?

allow chromosomes to move without entangling & breaking

Which of the following differentiates between independent assortment and segregation?

Law of independent assortment describes two or more genes

Why did the F₁ offspring of Mendel's pea cross always look like one of the parental varieties?

One phenotype was completely dominant over another.

Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?

Homologous chromosomes are separated

Which of the following provides an example of epistasis?

In rabbits, one genotype prevents fur color from developing

Because most receptors are membrane proteins, which of the following is usually true?

change their conformation after binding with signal proteins

Why is apoptosis potentially threatening to the healthy "neighbors" of a dying cell?

Lysosomal enzymes exit dying cell & damage surrounding cells

Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations?

diploid sporophyte→spore→multicellular haploid gametophyte

Frequency of heterozygotes for sickle-cell is high because it reduces frequency of malaria. Why

explained by Darwin's Theory of Natural selection

After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is

haploid, & the chromosomes are each made of two chromatids

Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction?

sexual reproduction transmit 50% of their genes to offspring

Which of the following is the best statement of the use of the addition rule of probability?

probability either one of two independent events will occur

A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically different.

The statement is true for meiosis I only

Why did Mendel continue some of his experiments to the F₂ generation?

to observe whether or not a recessive trait would reappear

2 plants are crossed resulted in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a trait. What does this suggest

that the parents were both heterozygous for a single trait

Seven pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of ind. assortment this indicates

genes controlling traits are on different chromosomes

A tetrad includes which of the following sets of DNA strands?

two sets of sister chromatids that have synapsed

In general, a signal transmitted via phosphorylation of a series of proteins

brings a conformational change to each protein

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Ap Biology Review 3

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Chapters 11-15 Review

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Questions 37

Answers

1
How does the sexual life cycle increase the genetic variation in a species?
by increasing gene stability
by allowing crossing over
by allowing fertilization
by decreasing mutation frequency
2
Where do microtubules of the spindle originate during mitosis in both plant and animal cells?
chromatid
centromere
centrosome
centriole
3
Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?
replication of the DNA
spindle formation
separation of sister chromatids
condensation of the chromosomes
4
Chromatids are separated from each other.
The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis II
The statement is true for mitosis only
The statement is true for meiosis I only
The statement is true for meiosis II only
5
After which checkpoint is the cell first committed to continue the cell cycle through M?
G₀
S
G₂
G₁
6
Besides the ability of cancer cells to overproliferate, what else could result in a tumor?
inability to form spindles
metastasis
lack of appropriate cell death
inability of chromosomes to meet at the metaphase plate
7
Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?
Each cell has eight homologous pairs
The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell
The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell.
The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell.
8
Why do chromosomes coil during mitosis?
to allow the sister chromatids to remain attached
allow chromosomes to move without entangling & breaking
to increase their potential energy
to allow the chromosomes to fit within the nuclear envelope
9
In the cross AaBbCc × AaBbCc, what is the probability of producing the genotype AABBCC?
1/4
1/32
1/64
1/16
10
Which of the following differentiates between independent assortment and segregation?
Law of independent assortment describes two or more genes
Law of segregation describes two or more genes
Law of independent assortment is observations of prophase I.
Law of segregation requires having two or more generations
11
Why did the F₁ offspring of Mendel's pea cross always look like one of the parental varieties?
No genes interacted to produce the parental phenotype
Each allele affected phenotypic expression
One phenotype was completely dominant over another.
Each allele affected phenotypic expression
12
Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I?
Sister chromatids are separated
The chromosome number per cell is conserved
Four daughter cells are formed
Homologous chromosomes are separated
13
epinephrine→G protein-receptor→G protein→adenylyl cyclase→cAMP. Identify the 2nd messenger
cAMP
GTP
adenylyl cyclase
G protein
14
Which of the following triggers the cell's passage past the G₂ checkpoint into mitosis?
protein kinase
Cdk
cyclin
MPF
15
Which of the following provides an example of epistasis?
In cacti, there are several genes for the type of spines
Recessive genotypes for two genes results in albinism
In rabbits, one genotype prevents fur color from developing
In Drosophila white eyes is due to an X-linked gene
16
Because most receptors are membrane proteins, which of the following is usually true?
They lead to changes in intracellular ion concentration
They open and close in response to protein signals
preferably bind with lipid or glycolipid signal molecules
change their conformation after binding with signal proteins
17
What is the probability that individual III-1 is Ww?
1/2
0
1/4
1
18
Why is apoptosis potentially threatening to the healthy "neighbors" of a dying cell?
Neighboring cells would activate immunological responses
Cell death spread from one cell to next via paracrine signal
Lysosomal enzymes exit dying cell & damage surrounding cells
Released cell energy interfere with neighbors energy budget
19
Which of the following is an example of alternation of generations?
grandparent & grandchild = dark hair, parent has blond hair
Fungi produces gametes→gametes undergo fertilization→meiosis
animal make gametes→gametes undergo fertilization→zygote
diploid sporophyte→spore→multicellular haploid gametophyte
20
At which phase are centrioles beginning to move apart in animal cells?
metaphase
anaphase
prophase
telophase
21
Frequency of heterozygotes for sickle-cell is high because it reduces frequency of malaria. Why
explained by Darwin's Theory of Natural selection
the malarial parasite changing the allele
explained by Law of Independent Assortment
Explained by Law of Segregation
22
YyRr x YyRr is the cross. What is the genotypic ratio of this cross?
6:3:3:3
9:3:3:1
4:4:4:4
3:1
23
After telophase I of meiosis, the chromosomal makeup of each daughter cell is
haploid, & the chromosomes are each made of two chromatids
tetraploid, and the chromosomes are made of two chromatids
diploid, and the chromosomes are made of two chromatids
diploid, & the chromosomes are made of a single chromatid
24
Which of the following is a true statement about sexual vs. asexual reproduction?
asexual reproduction, offspring are produced without meiosis
Asexual reproduction is a characteristic of plants
sexual reproduction transmit 50% of their genes to offspring
Sexual reproduction requires that parents be diploid
25
Which of the following is the best statement of the use of the addition rule of probability?
likelihood that a trait is due to two or more meiotic events
probability either one of two independent events will occur
probability of producing two or more heterozygous offspring
probability two or more independent events will both occur
26
What is the genotype of individual II-5?
homozygous recessive
Homozygous dominant
Not enough info to know...
heterozygous
27
Which of the following types of signaling is represented in the figure?
paracrine
autocrine
hormonal
synaptic
28
A cell divides to produce two daughter cells that are genetically different.
The statement is true for mitosis only
The statement is true for meiosis I only
The statement is true for mitosis and meiosis I
The statement is true for meiosis II only
29
Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?
skin pigmentation in humans
the ABO blood group in humans
pink flowers in snapdragons
white and purple flower color in peas
30
Why did Mendel continue some of his experiments to the F₂ generation?
to observe whether or not a recessive trait would reappear
to obtain larger number of offspring to base statistics
to be able to describe the frequency of recombination
to observe whether or not the dominant trait would reappear
31
Black > Brown : Tall > short. BbTt × BBtt. Likelihood of Black/Short offspring?
1/16
1/2
1/4
1/8
32
2 plants are crossed resulted in offspring with a 3:1 ratio for a trait. What does this suggest
that the parents were both heterozygous for a single trait
that the trait shows incomplete dominance
that each offspring has same alleles for each of two traits
that the parents were true-breeding for contrasting traits
33
Seven pea plant traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of ind. assortment this indicates
The diploid number of chromosomes in the pea plants was 7
The formation of gametes in plants occurs by mitosis only
None of the traits obeyed the law of segregation
genes controlling traits are on different chromosomes
34
Which describes the ability of a single gene to have multiple phenotypic effects?
multiple alleles
epistasis
pleiotropy
incomplete dominance
35
A tetrad includes which of the following sets of DNA strands?
four sets of unique chromosomes
four sets of sister chromatids
two sets of sister chromatids that have synapsed
two single-stranded chromosomes that have synapsed
36
Starting with a zygote, a series of five cell divisions produces an embryo with how many cells?
64
10
8
32
37
In general, a signal transmitted via phosphorylation of a series of proteins
requires phosphorylase activity
brings a conformational change to each protein
cannot occur in yeast because they lack protein phosphatases
requires binding of a hormone to a cytosol receptor

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