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Chapter 16 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution) Flashcards | StudBud
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Chapter 16 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution)
Chapter 16 - AP Euro (Scientific Revolution)
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1
"On the Fabric of the Human Body"...
contained William Harvey's theories on blood circulation.
was Cavendish's theory of human dissection.
was Andreas Vesalius's masterpiece on anatomical structure.
contained theories on a universe advanced by Paracelsus.
2
Renaissance humanists' mastery of Greek made new works of which of the following available?
Galen.
Archimedes.
All of these.
Plato.
3
Johannes Kepler was the first astronomer to show that...
the planets are made of earth-like material.
planetary orbits are elliptical.
the stars are immensely far away.
the moon orbits around the earth.
4
The cosmological views of the Later Middle Ages held that what was the center of the universe?
The epicycles.
The earth.
The sun.
The moon.
5
Copernicus supported the heliocentric conception of the universe because...
he argued that the sun is the source of all energy on earth.
it earned him entrance into the Royal Academy of Science.
as a Protestant, he felt free to interpret Scripture.
it offers an accurate explanation for heavenly motions.
6
The scientific societies of early modern Europe established the first...
college departments for scientific study.
code of ethics for experimentation on humans and animals.
regularly published scientific journals.
fund-raising events for medical research.
7
During the seventeenth century, royal and princely patronage of science...
was directed only towards pure research.
was common only in Italy.
replaced funding by the church.
became an international phenomenon.
8
The immediate reaction of the clerics to the theories of Copernicus was...
support in the form of a papal decree praising his thinking.
motivated by their educational and scientific achievements.
apathy because his calculations contained numerous errors.
condemnation by Protestants; viewed it as against the Bible.
9
Paracelsus revolutionized the world of medicine in the sixteenth century by...
dissecting human rather than animal cadavers.
advocating the chemical philosophy of medicine.
rejecting the medieval medical philosophy of the four humors
discovering the circulation of blood throughout the body.
10
Copernicus's major book was titled...
On the Motion of the Heart and Blood.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Principia.
The Great Instauration.
11
Newton's major work was...
Utopia.
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
Rules of Reasoning in Philosophy.
Principia.
12
The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was...
Kepler.
Galileo.
Copernicus.
Newton.
13
Which of the following created 3 laws of planetary motion that disproved the Ptolemaic system?
Nicolaus Copernicus.
Isaac Newton.
Tycho Brahe.
Johannes Kepler.
14
During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, female midwives...
were replaced by men studied anatomy.
began to receive recognition and training.
were newly organized into their own craft guilds.
gained great fame as birth became a female scientific job.
15
What was the name of Descartes's book that expounded his theories about the universe?
Discourse on Method.
On the Fabric of the Human Body.
Mind Over Matter.
Two Natures.
16
The foundation of Francis Bacon's scientific method was built on...
speculative reasoning.
inductive reasoning.
deductive reasoning.
triangulation.
17
The Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century...
directly resulted from reaction against the Middle Ages.
was stimulated by a revived interest in ancient authorities.
was based on scientific achievements of previous centuries.
was largely due to a monastic revolution in education.
18
Descartes believed that the world could be understood by...
incorporating the mind with the body.
quiet contemplation and following of the Scriptures.
the same principles inherent in mathematical thinking.
mystical experiences.
19
Galileo's principle that a body in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by another force is
planetary motion.
displacement.
inertia.
universal mechanics.
20
Which one of the following comments best summarizes the impact of the Scientific Revolution?
Created new "heaven" but had little impact on ideas of earth
Major turning point in pursuit of knowledge.
Slightly modified medieval, Aristotelian-Ptolemaic view.
Created new "earth" but had little impact on universal ideas
21
Science became an integral part of Western culture in the eighteenth century because...
people perceived it to be superior to other belief systems.
its mechanistic nature was popular with the lower classes.
it offered a new means to make profits and maintain order.
it allowed an alternative religious belief to Christianity.
22
Newton's contribution to astronomy was to prove that...
nothing can ever really be proven.
the moon orbits the sun.
the earth is at the center of the solar system.
the planets obey the same laws as do objects on earth.
23
The philosophy of René Descartes...
was condemned by the government of the Dutch Republic.
stressed a separation of mind and matter.
saw material world as a living thing in the human essence.
stressed holistic universe of mind and matter devoid of God.
24
Isaac Newton's scientific discoveries...
were some of the 1st to be printed in a vernacular language.
were resisted more in his own country, than in the Europe.
although accepted in his country, were resisted elsewhere.
were modern in their removal of God from universal laws.
25
Galileo's Dialogue on the Two World Systems was chiefly an attempt to...
apologize to the church for theories he saw as mistaken.
oppose the dogma and doctrine of the Catholic Church.
expose the errors in the thinking of Copernicus.
support Copernicus through a publication in Italian.
26
The overall effect of the Scientific Revolution on the querelles des femmes was to...
create differences between men-women to show men's dominance
allow women to enroll in most of Europe's universities.
dispel traditional myths of female inferiority.
increase the role of women in the child-bearing process.
27
Organized religions in the seventeenth century...
rapidly reoriented their theologies to accept modern science
rejected discoveries that conflict with Christian worldview.
contributed to scientific research through work in religion.
ignored science as a "toy for the minds of God's children."
28
The greatest achievements in science during the 16th & 17th centuries came in what three areas?
surgery, biology, and astronomy
biology, mechanics, and ballistics
engineering, physics, and dentistry
astronomy, medicine, and mechanics.
29
Tycho Brahe contributed to the advance of astronomy by...
calculating the distance to the sun.
inventing the astrolabe.
working out the theory of inertia.
making accurate observations of the planets.
30
William Harvey's "On the Motion of the Heart and Blood" refuted the ideas of...
the brain stem being disconnected from the brain.
the liver as the beginning point of the circulation of blood
herbal healing.
the independent functioning of the lymph system.
31
The Inquisition found Galileo guilty of teaching condemned ideas and sentenced him...
to be burned at the stake.
to house arrest.
five years of hard labor in prison.
to serve as a galley slave on a Mediterranean shipping boat.
32
Concerning Galileo and his ideas, the Catholic Church...
reluctantly agreed to his theories.
turned him over to the Papal Curia to serve as a secretary.
turned him over to the authorities of the HRE to be tortured
forced Galileo to recant them in a trial the Inquisition.
33
Among the following, the individual not associated with advances in medicine and chemistry is..
Harvey.
Galen.
Vesalius.
Paracelsus.
