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Developmental Milestones and Pediatric Reflexes Flashcards | StudBud
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Developmental Milestones and Pediatric Reflexes
Developmental Milestones and Pediatric Reflexes
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1
How does a child typically respond to head righting stimuli?
Extends arms for protection
Moves the head in the opposite direction to maintain alignment
Rolls segmentally
Flexes trunk bilaterally
2
Which cognitive milestone is expected at 4 months?
Avoids hot objects when warned
Looks at own hands with interest
Uses toys to pretend
Counts to 10
3
What communication skill is expected at 1 year?
Writes some letters
Understands “no”
Answers “why” questions
Uses 4+ word sentences
4
What is the typical response when the rooting reflex is stimulated?
Fingers flex tightly
Neck extends and arms flex
Mouth opens and head turns toward the stimulus
Legs kick outward repeatedly
5
Which of the following is typical social behavior for a 9-month-old?
Pretends to be a superhero
Comforts others who are sad
Is shy or clingy around strangers
Takes turns in conversation
6
Which cognitive milestone is expected at 15 months?
Names some letters
Uses things the right way, like a cup
Answers questions about a book
Tells a story with two events
7
A child has difficulty with pencil grasp and releasing objects. Which retained reflex is most likely contributing?
Palmar grasp
Moro
Plantar grasp
Rooting
8
Which of the following is a typical physical milestone at 9 months?
Walks without support
Jumps off the ground
Buttons a shirt
Uses fingers to rake food
9
Which of the following accurately reflects the emergence and integration of the rooting reflex?
Emerges at 28 weeks gestation, integrates by 3–7 months
Emerges at birth, integrates by 6 months
Emerges at 25 weeks gestation, integrates by 4–6 months
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation, integrates by 9–12 months
10
Which movement milestone is expected at 30 months?
Catches a large ball most of the time
Turns book pages one at a time
Uses scissors
Hops on one foot
11
Which reflex, if retained, interferes with standing balance and running due to toe clawing?
STNR
ATNR
TLR
Plantar grasp
12
What posture is observed in a supine position with a persistent TLR?
Rotated trunk
Flexed posture
Lateral trunk flexion
Extended posture
13
Which movement is expected from a 2-month-old?
Walks while holding furniture
Rolls from tummy to back
Pushes up on hands
Holds head up when on tummy
14
What is a typical language milestone for a 2-month-old?
Points to objects in books
Coos and makes sounds other than crying
Says “mama” and “dada”
Sings songs
15
What is a typical equilibrium response when the child is tilted?
Lateral trunk flexion opposite to tilt, with limb extension
Symmetrical extension of arms and legs
Total body flexion
Rolling in the direction of tilt
16
What is a typical 15-month-old social behavior?
Joins in group games with rules
Asks to play with others
Avoids touching hot objects
Shows affection like hugs or kisses
17
Which response is associated with the ATNR?
Back arches with head extension
All limbs flex when head is turned
Only the arms extend regardless of head position
Arms and legs extend on the face side, flex on skull side
18
At 5 years, a child typically:
Asks “where” questions
Uses only gestures to communicate
Says 50 words
Tells a story with at least two events
19
What communication milestone is expected at 18 months?
Uses rhyming words
Says full sentences
Answers “what” questions
Follows 1-step directions without gestures
20
Which is a motor milestone for a 4-year-old?
Scribbles randomly
Turns book pages one at a time
Holds crayon between fingers and thumb (not fist)
Uses a spoon to eat
21
Which of the following is expected at 2 years?
Draws shapes
Reads simple books
Uses switches or buttons on toys
Writes letters of name
22
A 4-month-old typically:
Turns head toward sound of your voice
Uses 4-word sentences
Follows multi-step directions
Points to body parts
23
What is the typical timeframe for the emergence and integration of the sucking/swallowing reflex?
Emerges at 5 months; integrates at 12–24 months
Emerges at 40 weeks gestation; integrates at 7–12 months
Emerges at 28 weeks gestation; integrates at 3–7 months
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation; integrates at 2–4 months
24
What is the positive Moro reflex response?
Trunk rotation and limb abduction
Only the arms extend rapidly
Arms abduct, extend, then flex and adduct
Arms and legs flex and remain flexed
25
When does ATNR typically emerge and integrate?
Emerges at birth; integrates at 6 months
Emerges at 1 month; integrates at 4–6 months
Emerges at 4 months; integrates at 10 months
Emerges at 28 weeks gestation; integrates at 3–7 months
26
Which physical milestone is typical at 4 months?
Buttons clothes
Climbs stairs
Holds a toy if placed in hand
Runs
27
A typical language milestone at age 4 includes:
Follows one-step directions
Talks about at least one thing that happened during the day
Names a few letters
Uses or recognizes simple rhymes
28
Retained TLR can interfere with which of the following daily functions?
Developing depth perception
Rolling and transitioning to sit
Sucking and swallowing
Grasping a crayon
29
How does the retained Rooting Reflex interfere with daily function?
It interferes with exploration of objects and head control.
It limits the development of crawling and standing posture.
It causes difficulty with sucking, swallowing, and breathing coordination.
It leads to poor trunk rotation and impaired equilibrium reactions.
30
Which is a typical social milestone at 30 months?
Follows rules during group games
Asks “why” questions
Comforts others who are sad
Follows simple routines when told, like helping pick up toys
31
Which action characterizes the neck on body righting reflex?
Arms extend downward to catch fall
Entire body extends when suspended
Head turns, body follows in log roll or segmentally
Head tilts opposite of body tilt
32
Which of the following is a social milestone for a 4-year-old?
Tries to use switches or knobs
Says “bye-bye”
Plays pat-a-cake
Asks to go play with other children
33
At 6 months, a child typically:
Writes letters of their name
Puts objects in their mouth to explore
Solves simple math problems
Names several colors
34
When does the palmar grasp reflex emerge and integrate?
Emerges at birth; integrates at 6 months
Emerges at 28 weeks gestation; integrates at 3–7 months
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation; integrates at 2–4 months
Emerges at 25 weeks gestation; integrates at 12 months
35
What is a typical language milestone for a 3-year-old?
Talks in conversation with at least two back-and-forth exchanges
Says sentences with four or more words
Answers questions about a book
Uses rhyming words
36
A 2-year-old typically:
Uses more gestures like blowing kisses
Tells a story with two events
Rhymes words like “bat-cat”
Says 100+ words
37
What is the typical Landau response?
Arm abduction followed by adduction
Segmental rolling
Flexion of the whole body in prone
Extension of neck, back, arms, and legs in prone suspension
38
Which is a typical cognitive skill for a 5-year-old?
Pushes a toy car
Stacks two blocks
Counts to 10
Names body parts
39
A positive plantar grasp reflex response is:
Toe extension
Toe flexion
Toe spreading
Ankle dorsiflexion
40
What are the emergence and integration ages for the plantar grasp reflex?
Emerges at 1 month; integrates at 4–6 months
Emerges at 25 weeks gestation; integrates at 9–12 months
Emerges at 28 weeks gestation; integrates at 3–7 months
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation; integrates at 2–4 months
41
What cognitive milestone is expected at 9 months?
Writes some letters
Names things in a book
Counts to 10
Looks for dropped objects
42
When does the TLR emerge and integrate?
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation; integrates at 2–4 months
Emerges at 25 weeks gestation; integrates at 9–12 months
Emerges at 40 weeks gestation; integrates at 7–12 months
Emerges at 1 month; integrates at 4–6 months
43
A retained STNR would most likely impact which functional skill?
Rolling to the side
Feeding
Tracking visually
Crawling reciprocally
44
What physical skill is common at 18 months?
Catches a ball
Jumps rope
Uses scissors
Scribbles
45
What cognitive milestone is expected at 4 years?
Tells what comes next in a well-known story
Writes full name
Counts to 20
Copies a circle
46
Which of the following is a typical social milestone at age 2?
Pretends to be a teacher
Answers “why” questions
Sings songs from memory
Looks at your face to see how to react in a new situation
47
What is a typical motor milestone for a 3-year-old?
Hops on one foot
Buttons a shirt
Uses a spoon
Puts on some clothes like loose pants or a jacket
48
When does the Moro reflex typically emerge and integrate?
Emerges at 40 weeks gestation; integrates at 7–12 months
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation; integrates at 9–12 months
Emerges at 28 weeks gestation; integrates at 4–6 months
Emerges at 1 month; integrates at 10 months
49
Which of the following is a typical cognitive skill at 12 months?
Names body parts
Pretends to feed a doll
Looks for hidden objects
Draws a circle
50
Which of the following is a typical cognitive milestone at 30 months?
Copies a circle
Pretends to feed a block to a doll
Draws a person with three or more body parts
Uses words about time like “yesterday”
51
Which cognitive milestone is typical for a 2-month-old?
Copies household chores
Stacks blocks
Looks at a toy for several seconds
Plays with more than one toy at a time
52
How is the body on body righting reflex triggered?
Applying pressure to the feet
Rotating the hips in supine
Tilting the trunk while standing
Turning the head in supine
53
What movement skill is typical at 15 months?
Hops on one foot
Buttons clothing
Uses a fork
Takes a few steps alone
54
A typical 6-month movement skill is:
Walks without help
Pushes up with straight arms when on tummy
Strings beads
Hops on one foot
55
What is a cognitive milestone for 18 months?
Counts to 10
Follows two-step instructions
Copies you doing chores, like sweeping
Draws a person
56
Which reflex, if retained, may limit prone extension and delay sitting or standing?
Landau
TLR
ATNR
STNR
57
What is a typical physical milestone at 2 years?
Uses a fork
Buttons a shirt
Draws a person
Kicks a ball
58
A typical social milestone for a 5-year-old is:
Follows rules or takes turns in games
Smiles to get attention
Pretends to feed a block to a doll
Plays next to but not with peers
59
The palmer grasp reflex is triggered by:
Holding the child in prone suspension
Turning the head in supine
Pressure on the ulnar side of the palm
Light touch to the side of the face
60
How does the retained Sucking/Swallowing Reflex interfere with daily function?
It interferes with visual tracking and spatial awareness.
It impacts the coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing.
It delays the emergence of protective extension reactions.
It impairs trunk stability in sitting.
61
Which cognitive skill is typical at age 3?
Draws a circle when shown how
Names letters
Uses time-related words like “morning”
Counts to 10
62
A child with poor head control and hypersensitivity to movement may have a retained:
Moro Reflex
Palmar Grasp
TLR
Righting Reaction
63
What happens when the neck is extended in STNR?
Arms extend, legs flex
Both arms and legs extend
Arms and legs flex
Arms flex, legs extend
64
STNR emerges and integrates at which of the following times?
Emerges at 4 months; integrates at 10 months
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation; integrates at 4 months
Emerges at birth; integrates at 9 months
Emerges at 1 month; integrates at 6 months
65
Which activity is a typical social/emotional milestone for a 1-year-old?
Says “I” and “me”
Plays pat-a-cake
Pretend play with dolls
Uses simple rhymes
66
What language skill is expected at 30 months?
Tells a story with two events
Says full name when asked
Names some letters
Says about 50 words
67
Which of the following is a typical social/emotional milestone for a 2-month-old?
Copies other children while playing
Plays pretend games
Shows fear around strangers
Calms down when spoken to or picked up
68
At what age does the backward protective response typically emerge?
7-10 months
4-6 months
9-10 months
6-7 months
69
Which behavior is typical of a 3-year-old?
Pretends to be a superhero
Changes behavior based on setting
Avoids danger like high places
Notices other children and joins them to play
70
Which of the following is typical at 6 months?
Blows raspberries
Asks “why” questions
Says full name
Says “more milk”
71
What is the expected response when a child is gently pushed off balance while sitting?
Legs cross over midline
Child rolls to the side to realign body
Arm extends and contacts surface to prevent falling
Child tilts head opposite to the push
72
Which of the following reflexes, if retained, may interfere with midline crossing and bilateral hand use?
STNR
ATNR
TLR
Moro
73
Which of the following interferes with the development of coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing?
ATNR
Moro reflex
TLR
Sucking/Swallowing reflex
74
Which is a typical social behavior for an 18-month-old?
Pushes arm through sleeve to help dress
Tells detailed stories
Plays with peers in cooperative games
Writes letters of name
75
Which of the following accurately matches a righting or equilibrium reaction with its typical emergence?
Body on body: 1–2 months
Sitting equilibrium: 3–4 months
Neck on body: 7–8 months
Protective response to the front: 6–7 months
76
A 15-month-old typically:
Uses action words in sentences
Uses full conversation with multiple exchanges
Tries to say a few words besides “mama” or “dada”
Says 50+ words
77
At 9 months, a child typically:
Follows 2-step instructions
Makes repetitive sounds like “mamama” or “bababa”
Uses simple rhymes
Says complete sentences
78
Which physical skill is typical at 5 years?
Pushes up on forearms when on tummy
Hops on one foot
Rolls from tummy to back
Walks up stairs with help
79
Which righting reaction emerges first?
Protective extension to the side
Standing equilibrium
Head righting
Equilibrium in quadruped
80
What is a typical social milestone at 6 months?
Knows familiar people
Pretends to be a dog
Does chores at home
Plays pat-a-cake
81
What are the emergence and integration ages of the Landau reflex?
Emerges at 3 months; integrates at 10 months
Emerges at 1 month; integrates at 9–12 months
Emerges at 5 months; integrates at 12–24 months
Emerges at birth; integrates at 6 months
82
At 1 year, a child typically:
Hops on one foot
Skips
Pulls up to stand
Catches a ball
83
Which social behavior is typical at 4 months?
Laughs at peek-a-boo
Points to show you something
Follows two-step instructions
Smiles to get attention
