A perceptual set implies that...

people often see what they expect to see

Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...

an intermittent reinforcement schedule

The function of sensory memory is to...

hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer

A valid test is one that...

measures what it is supposed to measure

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...

you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...

personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level

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AP Exam Review - Q3

135 termsStudBud Administration31 plays

A basic review over all material covered in Q1, Q2, and Q3 to prepare for the AP Exam. It was compiled from other AP reviews.

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Questions 135

Answers

1
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
episodic
crystallized
procedural
2
A perceptual set implies that...
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
3
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
iris
cornea
vitreous humor
4
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
pancreas
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
5
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
encoded
modeled
ablated
6
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological stability
psychological instability
7
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
pituitary
thalamus
gonads
thyroid
8
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
systematic desensitization
aversion therapy
avoidance therapy
psychotherapy
9
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
a percentile score
mental age
IQ
10
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
aggressiveness
excessive guilt
manipulative behavior
11
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
content validity
standardized validity
criterion-related validity
12
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
mnemonic
platonic
morphemic
phonemic
13
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
time of testing
sequential
cross-sectional
longitundinal
14
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
drive theory
incentive theory
instinct theory
15
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
operant conditioning
observational learning
punishment
classical conditioning
16
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
hallucinations
reduction of inhibitions
17
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
endocrine system
limbic system
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
18
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
19
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold information for a lifetime
put information into long-term memory
20
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
anxiety disorders
marital problems
bipolar disorder
21
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
has been standardized but not normed
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
22
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
observational learning
positive reinforcement
23
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
24
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
prefrontal cortex
occipital cortex
medulla
hypothalamus
25
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
sadness
surprise
fear
26
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
narcotics
alcohol
cannabis
sedatives
27
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
limbic system
brainstem
reticular formation
cerebellum
28
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction incapacity
transduction capacity
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
29
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
30
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
31
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender differences
gender behaviors
gender stereotypes
32
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
olfactory cilia
33
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
conversion disorder
bipolar disorder
fugue
panic disorder
34
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
cognitive
humanistic
behavioral
35
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
independently of autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
36
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
perception
consciousness
hypnosis
37
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
questionnaires
physiological recordings
psychological tests
direct observation
38
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
phonemes
syntax
linguistic heuristics
39
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
wish fulfillment theory
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
problem-solving theory
40
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
print letters
41
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
logical reasoning
abstract operations
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
42
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
insomnia
narcolepsy
43
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
44
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
classical conditioning
reinforcement
operant conditioning
45
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
hallucinations
obsessions
delusions
illusions
46
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
chunk
schema
script
47
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
cortex
location of injury
thalamus
spinal cord
48
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
semantic slanting
metalinguistic awareness
fast-mapping
overextension
49
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
50
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
displacement
regression
fixation
compensation
51
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous sleep
52
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
53
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
attention encoding
dyadic encoding
54
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
creativity
intelligence
reasoning
insight
55
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
pineal gland
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
56
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
cognition
intelligence
mentalism
57
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
a personality test
an intelligence test
an achievement test
an aptitude test
58
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
investment differentiations
parental investments
social scripts
display rules
59
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
relearning
recognition
reiteration
60
According to the medical model...
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
61
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
boat-goat
car-nose
fill-feed
tree-bird
62
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
oval window
stirrup
cochlea
63
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
absolute threshold
subliminal threshold
sensory memory
64
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
65
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; personality
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
66
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
acetylcholine
serotonin
dopamine
67
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
formal operations
post-conventional moral reasoning
development of secondary sex characteristics
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
68
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rat
rabbit
loud noise
69
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
pathogens
teratogens
prenatals
opiates
70
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
71
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
medulla
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
72
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
episodic memories
73
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
been dreaming
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
a headache
74
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
75
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
food/meat powder
tone
salivation
light
76
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
the conscious
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
77
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a deceptive test
a self-report inventory
a projective test
a behavior rating
78
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
sensory
long-term
short-term
intermediate-term
79
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
the unconscious
conscious experience
behavior
80
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
concrete
postconventional
conventional
81
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
mode
mean
midpoint
82
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
amount of time awake
cultural practices
83
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
offense mechanisms
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
id mechanisms
84
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
loudness
timbre
decibels
pitch
85
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
86
Anhedonia is when a person...
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has two different psychological disorders
experiences mild manic states
has trouble getting along with people
87
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
88
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
subliminal perception
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
89
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
agonists
neurotransmitters
action potentials
antagonists
90
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
tumor ligation
91
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
partial retrieval
complete storage failure
partial storage
92
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
means
standard deviation
percentiles
93
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
William James
94
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
conjunction heuristic
95
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
cyclical
dissociative
unipolar
bipolar
96
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
97
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
98
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
delta
gamma
beta
alpha
99
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
insight learning
100
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in openness
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
101
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-up processing
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
lateral processing
102
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the proximodistal trend
the cephalopedal trend
encephalitis
the cephalocaudal trend
103
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
104
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
conditioned forgetting
extinction
spontaneous remission
105
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
cookie
I eated a cookie
i wanted a cookie
give cookie
106
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
spatial
musical
logical-mathemathical
mechanical
107
An antagonist...
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
108
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
109
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
a delusion
an obsession
a phobia
110
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
111
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the experimental group
the observational group
the correlational group
the control group
112
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
113
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
criterion-related
absolute
construct
content
114
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
sleep-walking
115
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
light purity
saturation
brightness
116
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
attention
sensation
processing
117
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
personality
mood
anxiety
schizophrenic
118
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
avoidance learning
119
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
centration
reversibility
conservation
egocentrism
120
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a heuristic observation
a self-serving attribution
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a contravened stereotype
121
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
stage 4
stage 1
REM
122
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
anal
genital
latency
123
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
behavioral quality
attachment
temperament
124
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
shaping
step-wise conditioning
selection
stimulus discrimination
125
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
shared inhibition
attachment probing
strange situation
secure-avoidant
126
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
mescaline
heroin
marijuana
127
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
avoidance
repression
neurogenic amnesia
128
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test levels
test scales
test norms
test scores
129
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
state-dependent learning
observational learning
130
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
a sedative
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
131
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
132
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
predictability
accuracy of inference
consistency
representativeness
133
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
similiarity
closure
constancy
134
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
behaviorism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
functionalism
135
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
memory

AP Exam Review - Q3 Flashcards | StudBud