BIO181 CH 12 and 13

Colchicine promotes the functioning of the spindle apparatus

All the DNA in a cell constitutes the cell's ___

How does sexual reproduction introduce genetic variation?

Meiosis is the process where sex cells divide to produce two daughter cells

Which subphase of interphase is incorrectly paired?

The ___ pairs of chromosomes that do not determine sex are called ___

In interphase, the chromosomes have been duplicated and are tightly packed

Biology is the only subject in which ___ is the same as ___

During ___, the centromeres divide, separating the sister chromatids

Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree and disrupts microtubules in animal cells

Each tetrad usually has one or more ___, an X-shaped region where crossing over occurs

Cell division produces genetically identical cells

Crossing over occurs in mitosis but not meiosis

Which of the following is false regarding meiosis?

At ___, chromatids become chromosomes and cytokinesis begins

Two chromosomes shown as a pair on a karyotype that carry information regarding the same characteristics are...

At the end of meiosis, there are ____, daughter cells

For humans with n=23, there are n²³ possible combinations of chromosomes. Therefore the resulting zygote is one in ____

The two daughter cells of mitosis...

Abnormal cells that invade surrounding tissues are benign

Cancer cells...

When do chromosomes first become visible?

At ____ I, homologous pairs of chromosomes (tetrads) are aligned along the ____ plate

In ____, non-sister chromatids exchange DNA segments, forming a ____, which is a group of 4 chromatids

The human X and Y chromosomes include genes that determine an individual's sex

At ____, the tetrads separate BUT the sister chromatids remain linked to one another

In ____ during prophase I, homologous chromosomes loosely pair up, aligned gene by gene

A protein zipper, called the ____, holds homologous chromosomes tightly together during prophase I

DNA molecules in a cell are packaged into ___

Somatic cells are diploid body cells

Sex cells (also known as ___) are ____

Order the following phases of mitosis: 1 = prometaphase, 2 = anaphase, 3 = prophase, 4 = telophase, 5 = metaphase

Malignant tumors invade surrounding tissues and can export cancer cells to other parts of the body by ____

A ___ displays every pair of homologous chromosomes within a cell, organized according to size and shape

Prokaryotes, bacteria, and archaea divide by binary fission

In animal cells, cytokinesis occurs by a process known as ___, forming a ____

What are separated in meiosis I?

During prometaphase, microtubules attach to to special regions of the centromere called _____

What forms in plant cells during cytokinesis?

Mitosis is the process where ___ cells divide to produce ___ daughter nuclei, followed by cytokinesis

Sexual reproduction allows us to maintain both genetic similarity and differences

____ is/are the thread-like form of DNA; ___ is/are the rod-like form of DNA formed during cell division

___ are released by certain cells to stimulate other cells to divide

Mitosis produces 2 identical diploid cells, but mitosis produces 4 different haploid cells

Normal cells are converted to cancerous cells in a process called ____

If a drug prevents the shortening of microtubules, which phase of mitosis will be affected?

What is the narrow "waist" called that holds the two sister chromatids together in a replicated chromosome?

In metaphase, the spindle fibers push the sister chromatids until they are arranged at the ____

Why do cells divide?