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AP World History Review
AP World History Review
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
118
Answers
1
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
2
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
equality among the social classes
practicing rituals to please the gods
mercantilism
direct democracy
3
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
independent nations with special privileges
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
possessions to be exploited
independent trade partners
4
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
Islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
5
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
6
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
the end of foreign domination
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
the furthest expansion of their borders
7
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
it was a religious center for Muslims
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
8
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
war and constant invasion
mercantilism and industrial expansion
feudalism and oppression
prosperity and artistic creativty
9
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
decline of Mongol rule in China
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
introduction of gunpowder to China
10
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
11
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
Communist regimes
feudal governments
constitutional monarchies
centralized powers
12
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
isolated from the rest of Europe
protected by mountains
close to a network of navigable rivers
accessible by water
13
One important effect of the Crusades on Western Europe was they
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
introduced the Industrial Revolution
led to a decline int he importance of the church
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
14
The Byzantine Empire
adapted the Roman principles of justice
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
used a senate as the chief governing body
15
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
unite warring Arab peoples
establish Christianity in W Europe
16
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
established monotheistic religions
had decentralized political structures
emphasized social equality
developed writing systems
17
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
social mobility
a questioning spirit
racial diversity
universal suffrage/democracy
18
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
South America and Asia
Africa and Southeast Asia
Europe and Asia
North America and Europe
19
The European feudal system represents a society based on
accumulated wealth
political ability
educational achievement
social class
20
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
ban on the consumption of pork
belief in one God
belief in the reincarnation of souls
deep reverence and respect for nature
21
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
socialism
mercantalism
manorialism
laissez-faire capitalism
22
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
23
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
The African societies flourished at the same time
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
These had rich history before European contact
24
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
expansion of world trade
development of a socialist economy
establishment of the guild system
weakening of the power of the middle class
25
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
26
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
a military route for the defense of the norther border
a means for the empire to expand its borders
contact with other cultures through trade
a means of administering the civil service exams
27
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
the many opportunities for social mobility
a decentralized government
an open democratic society
an adoption of Christianity
28
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
locations were favorable for trade
military power led to industrialization
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
29
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
on major trading routes
in mountainous terrain
in rain forest areas
in coastal areas
30
One major result of the Crusades was the
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
long-term decrease in European trade
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
31
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
Gothic
Ionic
Corinthian
neoclassical
32
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
33
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
centers of world trade
Latin American societies
sites of early civilization
cities of origin for major religions
34
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
Religion was a way of life that governed people
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
35
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
destruction of Muslim military power
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
restoration of the Byzantine empire
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
36
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
provided structure for society
developed concepts for natural rights
established absolutist governments
promoted peace and prosperity
37
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
origin in the Andes Mountains
peaceful territorial expansion
social equality
dedication to advancement of science
38
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
military strategies of the Mali
social kinship of the Ashanti people
39
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
outbreak of deadly diseases
rise of nation states
introduction of new military
fall of Constantinople
40
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
41
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
Religious reform was a major concern
The peasant class was instrumental in both
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
42
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
secularism
mysticism
individualism
humanism
43
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
military conquest of China
development of extensive trade
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
formation of cultural links with Europe
44
Feudalism influenced Europe and Japan by
providing social stability
eliminating warfare
encouraging formal education
fostering the growth of religion
45
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
peasant farmers
radical revolutionaries
middle class merchants
warrior aristocrats
46
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
the production of raw materials and cash crops
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
respect for the rights of the indigenous
isolationism
47
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
islamic influence dominated Europe
48
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
sharp class distinctions divided European society
The nobles encouraged social mobility
the practices of the church led to classless society
49
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
collapse of international trade
decreasing importance of towns and cities
rise of nation-states
increase in influence of serfs
50
One similarity between the Gupta and the Tang dynasty is that each
developed a representative government
gained overseas colonies
promoted equality for women
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
51
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
establishing trade routes to the Americas
52
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
received support from European colonial governments
developed self-sufficient economies
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
53
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Enlightenment
Middle Ages
Age of Exploration
Scientific Revolution
54
From the 9th - 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
the toleration of members of other cultures
a decrease in trade and commerce
the creation of democratic governments
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
55
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
a strong central government
a thriving system of international trade
limited social mobility
rejection of Christian teachings
56
The European feudal system was
controlled by a powerful middle class
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
supported by the labor of peasants
designed to promote political and economic equality
57
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
entrepreneurship
feudalism
manorialism
mercantilism
58
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
manorialism
communism
feudalism
socialism
59
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
iron ore and coal
rifles and diamonds
gold and salt
spices and silk
60
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
cultural isolation of China
great culutral diversity within China's borders
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
failure of other nations to become interested in China
61
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
imperialist attitudes
cultural values
rigid social structure
belief in democracy
62
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
It is better to be loved, than feared
63
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
accept medieval W European religious ideas
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
64
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
increase trade and manufacturing
consolidate the political power of the region
provide order during a period of weak central governments
eliminate the need for a legal system
65
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
first religious wars in Europe
start of the Renaissance in Italy
decline of Greek city-states
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
66
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
industrialism
manorialism
mercantilism
capitalism
67
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
growth of feudalism in Europe
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
Age of Exploration in Europe
decline in African slave trade
68
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
elected parliaments
the Roman Catholic Church
national monarchies
the Byzantine emperors
69
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
70
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
peaceful relations with other nations
equality among Japanese citizens
a culture that accepted militarism
an increased interest in science and technology
71
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
Orthodox Christianity
democratic ideas
silk cloth
Latin language
72
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
Japan and Tibet
Iran and Thailand
Russia and Iraq
73
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
practice monotheism
were highly developed and organized
consisted of hunters and gatherers
followed a democratic system
74
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Mongol
Hellenistic
Byzantine
Ottoman
75
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
development of feudalism in Europe
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
76
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
codified laws
Islam
agricultural communes
social and political equality
77
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
78
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
Trade and commerce declined
The Feudal system strengthened
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
79
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
European renewal in learning
European involvement in the Crusades
development of a European middle class
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
80
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
mercantalism
absolutism
market economy
manorilaism
81
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
opposition to the Catholic Church
rejection of Spanish culture
exploitation of people and resources
growth of democratic forms of gov't
82
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
the manor system and land ownership
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
absolute monarchies
83
In Western Europe, which development caused the other three?
fall of Rome
decline of trade
breakdown of central government
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
84
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
cultural diffusion
self-determination
imperialism
ethnocentrism
85
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
Italy was politically unified
86
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
bankers and explorers
soldiers and diplomats
missionaries and slave traders
merchants and pilgrims
87
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
88
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
protect the port city of Guangzhou
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
89
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
90
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
development of towns and cities
increased political power for the clergy
lower living standards for industrial workers
91
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
an absolutist gov't
a wealthy class invested in the arts
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
a shrinking aristocracy
92
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
avoiding contact with the West
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
employing superior military skills
93
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
development of the foundation of modern science and math
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
adoption of democratic government
persecution of Jews and Christains
94
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Assyrian
Ottoman
Byzantine
Holy Roman
95
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Byzantine Empire
Tang and Song dynasties
Gupta Empire
Ghana and Mali civilizations
96
Humanism was
appreciation for the worth of the individual
belief in the supremacy of the collective
a rejection of ancient civilizations
embracing the separation of church and state
97
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a time of colonial unrest
a golden age
a poverty-stricken era
a period of political chaos
98
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
crop failures brought on by poor weather
wars btwn various native groups
diseases introduced by the Spanish
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
99
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
The Catholic Church was weakened
Nationalistic movements began to decline
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
Feudalism strengthened
100
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
101
Africa's geography is characterized by
a lack of major river systems
a diverse topography
an absence of rain forests
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
102
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
encouraged to develop their own industries
granted independence as soon as possible
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
103
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
increased European isolation
an increased demand of goods from the East
an adoption of Islam
the strengthening of the feudal system
104
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
manorialism
feudalism
socialism
free market
105
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
106
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Renaissance
Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution
Commercial Revolution
107
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
self-sufficiency of the manor system
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
economic policies of the Roman Empire
108
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
devotion to religion
superiority of medieval thought
obedience to gov't officials
value of the individual
109
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
materialism
human scientific achievements
religious themes
classic Greek and Roman subjects
110
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
lived at peace with their neighbors
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
produced few cultural achievements
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
111
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Montesquei
Locke
Machiavelli
Voltaire
112
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
obtain consent of the governed
divide power evenly
obtain power from a social contract
employ absolute power
113
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
the Indus River to Spain
Senegal to India
Cairo to Tours
Mecca to Asia Minor
114
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
was a strong force that divided many people
favored separation from secular government
115
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
increasing power of feudal lords
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
116
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Muslim world
Aztec Empire
Pax Romana
Gupta Empire
117
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
societies usually developed along river valleys
religion had little developmental influence
men and women had equal employment opportunities
large cities were not established until Europeans came
118
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Court systems were developed
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations