A perceptual set implies that...

people often see what they expect to see

blocks the action of neurotransmitters

how alternatives in a decision problem are presented

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AP Psych Exam Review (units 1-7)

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 99

Answers

1
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
reinforcement
observational learning
classical conditioning
2
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
the gambler's fallacy
3
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
been dreaming
not been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
4
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
subliminal perception
a false alarm
5
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
initiative vs. guilt
industry vs. inferiority
6
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
wish fulfillment theory
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
None of the Above
7
A perceptual set implies that...
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
8
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
gender differences
gender roles
9
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
cornea
iris
lens
10
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
11
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
operant conditioning
latent learning
classical conditioning
12
How many multiple choice questions are on the exam?
150
There is no MC section this year
50
100
13
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
humanistic
cognitive
behavioral
psychoanalytic
14
Which of the following has two morphemes?
punch
run
bats
bat
15
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
pineal gland
thalamus
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
16
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological instability
psychological stability
17
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
closure
similiarity
constancy
18
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
chunk
script
schema
19
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
midpoint
mode
mean
median
20
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
beta
alpha
delta
gamma
21
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
Cannon's area
22
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test norms
test levels
test scales
test scores
23
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
antagonists
action potentials
agonists
24
What is somnambulism?
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-talking
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
25
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
positron emission tomography
electrographic tomography
26
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
surprise
happiness
fear
27
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
relearning
reiteration
recall
28
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time awake
cultural practices
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
29
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
sensation
perception
processing
30
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
pancreas
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
31
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
time of testing
longitundinal
cross-sectional
sequential
32
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
corpus callosum
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
33
The last area of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
34
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
35
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
anal
latency
oral
36
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
37
How many FRQ questions are on the exam?
45
3
1
2
38
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
39
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
40
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
41
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
print letters
tie shoe laces
sing a song
fear the dark
42
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
temporal lobe
oval window
cochlea
stirrup
43
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
punishment
44
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
brightness
color
saturation
light purity
45
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in openness
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
46
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
limbic system
brainstem
reticular formation
cerebellum
47
Which of the following should you do in the next 24 hours?
Wake up before noon
Get a good night's sleep
Eat a healthy meal
All of the above
48
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
narcotics
alcohol
sedatives
cannabis
49
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
50
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
become fearful/cautious
51
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
52
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
neurogenic amnesia
avoidance
repression
suppression
53
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
54
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
salivation
food/meat powder
tone
light
55
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
56
Which of the following is not an operational definition for stress?
Cortisol level
Student stress levels
Blood pressure
Stress severity rating on a questionnaire
57
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
pseudoinsomnia
sleep apnea
insomnia
narcolepsy
58
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the experimental group
the observational group
the control group
the correlational group
59
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
ablated
modeled
encoded
60
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
61
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
absolute threshold
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
62
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
timbre
decibels
pitch
loudness
63
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
a hallucinogen
a sedative
an amphetamine
64
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
mentalism
cognition
intelligence
introspection
65
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
a variety of environmental factors
changes in testing procedures
group differences in basic intelligence
66
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
leftbrain/right brain communication
limbic system
reticular formation
endocrine system
67
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
68
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
ESB
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
tumor ligation
69
Which type of intelligence involves the acquisition knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
fluid
crystallized
episodic
70
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
instinct theory
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
drive theory
71
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
acetylcholine
endorphin
dopamine
serotonin
72
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
id mechanisms
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
73
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
thalamus
cortex
location of injury
74
A valid test is one that...
is consistent
has been standardized but not normed
measures what it is supposed to measure
is reliable
75
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
feeding
memory
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
76
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
sensory memories
77
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
are using the representativeness heuristic
78
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
spontaneous remission
extinction
conditioned forgetting
79
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
psychological tests
questionnaires
physiological recordings
80
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a projective test
a deceptive test
a behavior rating
a self-report inventory
81
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the moral component of personality
82
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
83
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
84
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
85
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
stimulus discrimination
step-wise conditioning
selection
shaping
86
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
spatial
musical
logical-mathemathical
87
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a percentile score
IQ
a potential score
mental age
88
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
89
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
90
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
systematic hypothesis testing
physical interaction
logical reasoning
abstract operations
91
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
predictability
consistency
representativeness
accuracy of inference
92
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
pathogens
prenatals
teratogens
opiates
93
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
94
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
95
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
concrete
preconventional
postconventional
96
Maintenance rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
sensory
short-term
long-term
intermediate-term
97
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
shared inhibition
attachment probing
secure-avoidant
98
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
temperament
behavioral quality
personality
attachment
99
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
positive reinforcement
an unconditioned response
avoidance learning

AP Psych Exam Review (units 1-7) Flashcards | StudBud